Wikimedia servers
Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects are run from server racks located in several data centres.
System architecture
Network topology
The Wikimedia Foundation's network topology is described on the "Network design" page on Wikitech.
Software
- Our DNS servers run gdnsd. We use geographical DNS to distribute requests between our five data centers (3x US, 1x Europe, 1x Asia) depending on the location of the client.
- We use Linux Virtual Server (LVS) on commodity servers to load balance incoming requests. LVS is also used as an internal load balancer to distribute MediaWiki requests. For back end monitoring and failover, we have our own system called PyBal.
- For regular MediaWiki web requests (articles/API) we use Varnish and Apache Traffic Server caching proxy servers in front of Apache HTTP Server.
- All our servers run Debian GNU/Linux.
- For distributed object storage we use Swift.
- Our main web application is MediaWiki, which is written in PHP (~70 %) and JavaScript (~30 %).[1]
- Our structured data is stored in MariaDB since 2013.[2] We group wikis into clusters, and each cluster is served by several MariaDB servers, replicated in a single-master configuration.
- We use Memcached for caching of database query and computation results.
- For full-text search we use Elasticsearch (Extension:CirrusSearch).
- https://noc.wikimedia.org/ – Wikimedia configuration files.
==
</ตัวอักษร
Status and monitoring
You can check one of the following sites if you want to know if the Wikimedia servers are overloaded, or if you just want to see how they are doing.
- https://www.wikimediastatus.net/
- Grafana
Data center overview with total bandwidth, non-idle CPU and load per group of servers; versions also exist with a per-subcluster dropdown and total numbers without graphs(down in July 2019)- https://grafana.wikimedia.org/ should get you started
- Networking latency
- Icinga (private)
If you are seeing errors in real time, visit #wikimedia-techconnect on irc.libera.chat. Check the topic to see if someone is already looking into the problem you are having. If not, please report your problem to the channel. It would be helpful if you could report specific symptoms, including the exact text of any error messages, what you were doing right before the error, and what server(s) are generating the error, if you can tell.
Energy use
In 2017, the WMF board of trustees adopted a resolution containing a commitment to minimize the Foundation's overall environmental impact, especially around data centres through using green energy. The community-led Sustainability Initiative, created in 2015, aims at reducing the environmental impact of the servers by calling for renewable energy to power them.
The Wikimedia Foundation's servers are spread out in five colocation data centers in Virginia, Texas and San Francisco in the United States, Amsterdam and Marseille in Europe, and Singapore in Asia.
In 2021, the servers used 358.8 kW (kilowatts), summing up to about 3.143 GW h (gigawatt hours) of electrical energy per year. The total carbon footprint of the servers was 1,073 metric tons CO2-eq in 2021.[3]
Only the few servers in Amsterdam and in Marseille run on renewable energy, the other use different conventional energy mixes. In 2016, just 9% of Wikimedia Foundation data centers' energy came from renewable sources, with the rest split evenly between coal, gas and nuclear power (34%, 28%, and 28%, respectively). The bulk of the Wikimedia Foundation's electricity demand is in Virginia and Texas, which unfortunately have both very fossil fuel heavy grids.
Server name | Data center location | Provider | Date opened | Average energy consumption (kW) | Energy sources | Carbon footprint (CO2/year) | Renewable option and cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
eqiad | Ashburn, VA
20146-20149 USA |
Equinix (Website) | February 2011 | May 2016: 130
May 2015: 152 |
2016: 32% coal 20% natural gas 25% nuclear 17% renewable |
1,040,000 lb = 520 short tons = 470 metric tons
= 0.32 * 130 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 2.1 lb CO2/kWh for coal + 0.20 * 130 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 1.22lb CO2/kWh for nat gas + 0.25 * 130 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for nuclear + 0.17 * 130 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for renewable |
In 2015, Equinix made "a long-term commitment to use 100 percent clean and renewable energy". In 2017, Equinix renewed this pledge. |
codfw | Carrollton, TX
75007 USA |
CyrusOne (Website) | May 2014 | May 2016: 77
May 2015: 70 |
2016: 23% coal 56% natural gas 6% nuclear 1% hydro/biomass/solar/other 14% wind (Oncor/Ercot) |
790,000 lb = 400 short tons = 360 metric tons
= 0.23 * 77 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 2.1 lb CO2/kWh for coal + 0.56 * 77 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 1.22lb CO2/kWh for nat gas + 0.06 * 77 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for nuclear + 0.15 * 77 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for renewables |
? |
esams | Haarlem
2031 BE Netherlands |
EvoSwitch (Website) | December 2008 | May 2016: < 10
May 2015: 10 |
"a combination of wind power, hydro and biomass" | 0 | n.a. |
ulsfo | San Francisco, CA
94124 USA |
UnitedLayer (Website) | June 2012 | May 2016: < 5
May 2015: < 5 |
2016: 25% natural gas 23% nuclear 30% renewable 6% hydro 17% unspecified (PG&E) |
13,000 lb = 6.7 short tons = 6.1 metric tons (+ unspecified)
= 0.00 * 5 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 2.1 lb CO2/kWh for coal + 0.25 * 5 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 1.22lb CO2/kWh for nat gas + 0.23 * 5 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for nuclear + 0.36 * 5 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * 0 lb CO2/kWh for hydro/renewable + 0.17 * 5 kW * 8765.76 hr/yr * ? lb CO2/kWh for unspecified |
? |
eqsin | Singapore | Equinix (Website) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
drmrs | Marseille | Digital Realty (Website) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
See also
More hardware info
- wikitech:Clusters – technical and usually more up-to-date information on the Wikimedia clusters
Admin logs
- Server admin log – Documents server changes (especially software changes)
Offsite traffic pages
Historical information
- Cache strategy (draft from 2006)
- PHP caching and optimization (draft from 2007)
- Hardware orders up to 2007
References
- ↑ See MediaWiki analysis, MediaWiki WMF-supported extensions analysis.
- ↑ "Wikipedia Adopts MariaDB" (text/html). blog.wikimedia.org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 2013-04-22. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
- ↑ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability (Carbon Footprint) Report for 2021