View source for Wikimania 2010/Bids/Amsterdam/Tourism

Are you a lover of art, renaissance or modern? Are you interested in science? Do you like to walk through picturesque cities or do you love the countryside? How about staying at the beach? The region where Wikimania may take place has all of this. 

==History==
Although recorded history of the Netherlands only starts with the Romans, the country has been permanently inhabited since the last Ice Age. Notable remains of prehistoric settlement are the "hunebeds" (dolmens) in the province of Drenthe. 

The Romans, making the river Rhine the border of their empire, left their mark on the southern part of the Netherlands, their forts and the communities around them later evolving into cities, most notably Nijmegen and Maastricht. 

The early Middle Ages saw the first attempts of the Dutch to diminish the influence of the sea on their land, resulting in the first land reclamation attempts and dikes. In the 16th and 17th century windmills were used extensively to reclaim land and keep the water out. As time progressed these undertakings became ever more complex and larger, culminating in our time with the ''Afsluitdijk'' and the Delta Works. 

Besides trying to keep the sea out, Dutch merchants also exploited its opportunities, with trade networks spanning from the Baltic to the Americas and the East Indies. The trade hugely contributed to the wealth of the cities, Amsterdam becoming the wealthiest and most important. 

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Half of the modern Netherlands have been occupied by the Romans; until the early middle ages all of the country became Christian. Dutch cities grew and were governed by a rich gentry. Since the 17th century, also called the Dutch Golden Age, the Netherlands started to have commerce with the East Indies and eventually took colonies there. In the Second World War the Netherlands were occupied by Germany for five years, with the fate of the Jews, the terror of suppression and disastrous military fighting.

In the cities and in museums you can see the consequences of Dutch history. -->

<gallery>
File:Hunebed D18+D17 bij Rolde.jpg|[[:en:Dolmen|Hunebed]], Rolde
File:Afsluitdijk met standbeeld Lely.jpg|[[:en:Afsluitdijk|Afsluitdijk]]
File:AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg|Anne Frank House (Amsterdam)
File:Mijlpaal Wateringese Veld.JPG|Replica of a Roman Milestone (The Hague)
File:Caesar van Everdingen Count Willem II of Holland Granting Privileges.jpg|William II of Holland granting privileges
File:Guillaume III de Hainaut.png|William I, Duke of Bavaria (aka William V, Count of Holland)
File:De Dokwerker.jpg|''De Dokwerker'', in remembrance of the Februari-strike of 1941 (Jonas Daniël Meijerplein, Amsterdam)
File:Rotterdam standbeeld Erasmus.jpg|Statue of Desiderius Erasmus (Rotterdam)
</gallery>

==Architecture==

From old style buildings of the ages of Rembrandt or Van Gogh to the modern miracles: As you like it. The Netherlands are famous for urban planning.

The Netherlands, a country with a fragile coast line, has been in a constant fight with the sea for survival. The Delta Works are a series of constructions built between 1950 and 1997 in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The works consist of dams, sluices, locks, dikes, and storm surge barriers. By building this magnificent combination of coastal protection works, the coast line was drastically shortened and the character of the water totally changed. 

The American Society of Civil Engineers has declared the works to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World together with the ''Zuiderzee Works'' in the north of the country. For all with an interest in engineering the delta works are a must see while in The Netherlands.

<gallery>
File:Deltawerke-Oosterschelde-Sturmflutwehr Oosterscheldeseite.jpg|[[:en:Delta Works|Delta Works]] - a must for every fan of engineering
File:Okerk1.jpg|The Old Church, Amsterdam (Gothic)
File:West-Indisch Huis.jpg|The West-Indisch House (the former headquarters of the West-Indische Compagnie - WIC), Amsterdam (Classicistic)
File:Sloterhof Hoogbouw Zuidoostzijde.jpg|Sloterhof, Amsterdam (Modern)
File:INGHouse1.jpg|ING House, Amsterdam (Postmodern)
File:Academie van Bouwkunst Amsterdam 2.jpg|Academie van Bouwkunst, Amsterdam (Renaissance)
File:Schouwb3.jpg|Stadsschouwburg, Amsterdam (Revival Style)
File:Beurs van Berlage Grote Zaal.jpg|Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam
</gallery>

==Art==
Considering that The Netherlands was home to some of the most famous painters in history, it is almost unsurprising that art takes a very prominent place in Dutch culture. Galleries and art festivals are plentiful in all major cities, and the country boasts a number of world class museums. Amsterdam's [[en:Rijksmuseum|Rijksmuseum]] owns probably the largest collection of Golden Age paintings, among which [[en:Rembrandt|Rembrandt]]'s famous [[en:Night Watch (painting)|Night Watch]]. Right next door are the fine [[en:Van Gogh Museum|Van Gogh Museum]] (designed by Rietveld), with the greatest collection of the artist's work, as well as the [[en:Stedelijk Museum|Stedelijk Museum]] for contemporary art. The [[en:Kröller-Müller Museum|Kröller-Müller Museum]] (with the second largest Van Gogh collection, as well as works by [[en:Piet Mondrian|Mondrian]] and [[en:Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]) and [[en:Rotterdam|Rotterdam's]] [[en:Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen|Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen]] are just examples of the ample options outside the capital.

<gallery>
File:The Nightwatch by Rembrandt.jpg|''The Nightwatch'' by Rembrandt
File:VanGogh-Irises 3.jpg|''Irises'' by Van Gogh
File:Sculpture in the Park.jpg|Sculpture by Picasso (Vondelpark, Amsterdam)
File:Boomzager.jpg|''Boomzager'' by an anonymous sculptor (Leidse bosje, Amsterdam)
File:Fête galante Hans van den Ban Weesperstraat Amsterdam.JPG|''Fête galante'' by Hans van den Ban (Weesperstraat, Amsterdam)
File:Sex worker statue Oudekerksplein Amsterdam.jpg|''Belle'', in honor of the sex workers of the world (De Wallen, Amsterdam)
File:Westerpark cultuurpark.jpg|Sculpture (Westerpark, Amsterdam)
File:Blauwe violist.jpg|''Blauwe violist'' by an anonymous sculptor (Marnixplantsoen, Amsterdam)
</gallery>

==Nature==
The small size of the Netherlands and its high density of population makes areas of natural beauty a highly valued good. The country has no less than 20 national parks and some 345 other nature reserves, varying from [[en:heathlands|heathlands]], to [[en:dune|dunes]], [[en:woods|woods]], [[en:wetlands|wetlands]] and [[en:lake|lakes]]. Some of the main national parks, like [[:en:De Biesbosch|De Biesbosch]], the [[en:Hoge Veluwe National Park|Hoge Veluwe]] and [[en:Zuid-Kennemerland National Park|Zuid-Kennemerland]] are located at just an hour's travel from Amsterdam. Most of the country is famously flat, making bicycle tours an ideal way to explore the Dutch countryside and the small villages spread around in it.

<gallery>
File:Texel Landscape.jpg|Landscape on [[:en:Texel|Texel]]
File:Schiermonnikoog beach.JPG|[[:en:Schiermonnikoog|Schiermonnikoog]]
File:Zandverstuiving hoge veluwe 4.jpg|[[:en:Hoge Veluwe National Park|Hoge Veluwe National Park]]
File:Pieterpad-Groesbeek-Gennep.jpg|[[:en:Pieterpad|Pieterpad]] near [[:en:Groesbeek|Groesbeek]]
</gallery>

==Restaurants==
The Netherlands is a country of many cultures. This results in many different restaurants being available. All over the country you will find Chinese, Thai, Indonesian, French and Italian restaurants. In the larger cities, you will also find Mexican, Turkish, Greek, Indian, Moroccan and many other types of restaurants. Of course there are also restaurants by genre: vegetarian, organic, or really Dutch: pancakes!

==Don't forget to try...==
While staying in Amsterdam, a visit to the [[:en:Albert Cuyp Market|Albert Cuyp Market]] is a must, or, if you like flowers, the [[:en:Bloemenmarkt|Bloemenmarkt]].


[[File:Zaanse Schans Panorama by Niels Kim.jpg|800px]]