Help:Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used to describe the appearance of the page. It allows for flexible formatting of a page and should be used instead of tables whenever possible, because they can be manipulated by the reader or overridden by an author if your css is embedded in another page via a template.

Levels of CSS settings

Style may be specified inline for a each HTML elements or pieces of content, see e.g. color; scope of parameters. Alternatively, style is specified for CSS selectors located in special files called 'stylesheets' and expressed in terms of elements, classes, id's and other attributes. This is done on various levels:

Author stylesheets, in this order:

• MediaWiki in general (including a skin specific style sheet)
• site-wide for all skins: MediaWiki:Common.css
• site-wide per skin: MediaWiki:Monobook.css, etc.
• user-specific for all skins: User:username/common.css
• user-specific per skin: User:username/skinname.css (note that in the CSS terminology user-specific style sheets are not user stylesheets)

User stylesheet:

• web-wide, user-specific: local file, referred to in the browser settings, or directly set in the browser

A HTML element may be just taken from the wikitext (see HTML in wikitext), e.g. , or the result of parsing wikitext – for instance, the ''' code is changed into <b>. A HTML element can also be taken from the code for the used skin.

A 'class' may be produced by the software, e.g. ns-namespace number for the HTML-element "body", and extiw for an interwiki link in the page body, or taken from the wikitext.

Similarly an 'id' may be produced by the software, e.g. bodyContent, or taken from the wikitext.

In the case of conflicting style settings for a piece of content, the resulting setting depends primarily on the indication "!important". Secondarily, if both are important, the user wins, if neither is, the author wins. Tertiarily it depends on specificity. Only lastly it depends on order between and within stylesheets: the last wins. Thus a User:username/monobook.css does not win from MediaWiki:Monobook.css (both author, not user) if the specificity of the latter is greater. See also cascading order.

Supported Elements

Mediawiki supports most CSS. There were some bugs in css support in earlier versions.

For further information, see the CSS specification.

.

CSS in wikitext

You can use CSS styling in HTML elements in your code (see Help:HTML in wikitext for a list of elements supported by MediaWiki) like you would in normal HTML markup.

For example, a "div" element with a green border and its contents floated to the right would be created with

<div style="float:right; border:thin solid green;">
Here comes a short paragraph that is<br />
contained in a "div" element that is<br />
floated to the right.</div>

Here comes a short paragraph that is
contained in a "div" element that is

floated to the right.

which would produce the box as shown.

Some wikitext elements allow you to insert CSS styling directly into them. An example is the table syntax:

{| style="your style here" 
|-
|your table stuff
|-
|}

For further information, see Help:Tables.

MediaWiki existing styles

See also Major style blocks below

You may wish to use styles that are already predefined by MediaWiki, or the site that you are visiting. This can be done by assigning predefined classes to html tags in the wikitext. You can also create a style that is unique to your page.

Vector is the default style on all Wikimedia Projects.

Tips and tricks

Non-display

One extreme "style" for a text is "display:none;", i.e., not displaying it, e.g.

p<span style="display:none;">q</span>r gives pqr

To allow a text to optionally have this style, specify a class or id for it; a user who wants to hide it can then correspondingly specify in his/her personal CSS:

.classname {display: none;} or #id {display: none;}

Non-displayed links do not work, as opposed to links in a very small font, compare:

p<span style="display:none;">[[q]]</span>r gives pqr

p<small><small><small><small><small>[[q]]</small></small></small></small></small>r gives pqr

It cannot be used to remove text in expressions for template names, parameter names, parameter values, page names in links, etc.

While "display: none;" produces nothing, "visibility: hidden;" produces blank spaces replacing the content; its opposite is "visibility: visible;".

Example:

p<span style="visibility: hidden;">q</span>r gives pqr

Try inspecting the page with the Developer tools probably provided with your browser to find the hidden element.

If would like to view the hidden text you could use an add-on for your browser. For example the Web Developer add-on is available for Firefox and Chrome. You could add it to your browser and then choose Misc. -> Display Hidden Elements in that toolbar, to make all hidden elements appear.

Non-print

One can exclude content from being printed (if the browser supports CSS) by declaring the content to be of the "noprint" class:

<div class="someclass noprint">This will not appear in the print version.</div>

Major style blocks

This information applies to the monobook skins and may not be valid for the vector skin

• column-content – overall space within the margins of which the content exists.
• content – the white background, thin bordered box which contains the main page content.
• firstHeading – the class of the heading tag at the top of every page
• bodyContent – the main page content within the content box
• contentSub – the name of the wiki immediately underneath the main heading, but above the body text

The portlet class is the style used by all the div blocks around the main content. Identified blocks using that class:

• p-cactions – id for the list of tabs above the main content
• p-personal – id for the list of links that include the login or logout page at the top of the page.
• p-logo – id for the block that contains the logo (in the top left)
• p-navigation – id for the block that contains the navigation links on the left of the page
• p-search – the block that contains the search buttons
• p-tb – the block that contains the toolbox links
• p-lang – the block that contains interlanguage links

The footer at the bottom of the page includes blocks with the following ids

• footer – overall footer container block
• f-poweredbyico – the powered by mediawiki image that normally resides to the right of the page
• f-list – id for the list that contains all the bits of text at the bottom of the page

Style depending on a parameter or variable

Variable class or id

A class or id can depend on the result produced by a template or on a template parameter, e.g. class="abc{{{1|def}}}". For one or more of the possible class names the style of that class can be defined. If the class is undefined it is ignored, so the standard style is used.

In the simplest case we have e.g. class="abc{{{1}}}" and define class abcdef. If the parameter value is "def" it applies.

If a page for general use only makes sense when styles are defined for certain classes, then these have to be specified in the page MediaWiki:Common.css, which applies for all users and all skins, as far as not overridden.

Variable style parameter value

Wikitext like

<span style="display:{{{3|none}}}">Wed</span>

displays "Wed" if parameter 3 is defined, but its value is not "none", and displays nothing if parameter 3 is undefined or "none". If the value of parameter 3 is a display style other than "none", that style is applied.

See also

• Help:User style. A person can modify the style, for accessibility, or additional feature testing.
• mw:Manual:Gallery of user styles
• mw:Skin projects
• Customization:Explaining skins
• Configuration settings: $wgAllowUserCss
• w:Cascading Style Sheets
• w:Wikipedia:Customisation
• w:Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes

Links to other help pages

Help contents

Meta · Wikinews · Wikipedia · Wikiquote · Wiktionary · Commons: · Wikidata · MediaWiki · Wikibooks · Wikisource · MediaWiki: Manual · Google

Versions of this help page (for other languages see further)

What links here on Meta or from Meta · Wikipedia · MediaWiki

Reading

Go · Search · Namespace · Page name · Section · Backlinks · Redirect · Category · Image page · Special pages · Printable version

Tracking changes

Recent changes (enhanced) | Related changes · Watching pages · Diff · Page history · Edit summary · User contributions · Minor edit · Patrolled edit

Logging in and preferences

Logging in · Preferences

Editing

Starting a new page · Advanced editing · Editing FAQ · Export · Import · Shortcuts · Edit conflict · Page size

Referencing

Links · URL · Interwiki linking · Footnotes

Style and formatting

Wikitext examples · CSS · Reference card · HTML in wikitext · Formula · Lists · Table · Sorting · Colors · Images and file uploads

Fixing mistakes

Show preview · Reverting edits

Advanced functioning

Expansion · Template · Advanced templates · Parser function · Parameter default · Magic words · System message · Substitution · Array · Calculation · Transclusion

Others

Special characters · Renaming (moving) a page · Preparing a page for translation · Talk page · Signatures · Sandbox · Legal issues for editors