Help:Advanced editing

Wikitext markup -- making your page look the way you want it

If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Sandbox.
More information on HTML tags in wikitext

Organizing your writing -- sections, paragraphs, lists and lines

What it looks like	What you type
Sections and subsections Start sections with header lines Note: Single equal signs give the highest level heading, like the page title; usually projects have the convention not to use them. New section Subsection Sub-subsection	== New section == === Subsection === ==== Sub-subsection ====
Newline A single newline has no effect on the layout. But an empty line starts a new paragraph, or ends a list or indented part. (<p> disables this paragraphing until </p> or the end of the section) (in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines) You can make the wikitext more readable by putting in newlines. You might find this causes future problems -- see w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks for details.	A single newline has no effect on the layout. But an empty line starts a new paragraph.
You can break lines without starting a new paragraph. (The HTML tag <br> is sufficient. The system produces the XHTML code <br />.)	You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph.
Unordered Lists are easy to do: start every line with a star more stars means deeper levels A newline in a list marks the end of the list. Of course you can start again.	* Unordered Lists are easy to do: start every line with a star * more stars means deeper levels A newline in a list marks the end of the list. Of course you can *start again.
Numbered lists are also good very organized easy to follow A newline in a list marks the end of the list. New numbering starts with 1.	# Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow #A newline #in a list marks the end of the list. #New numbering starts #with 1.
You can even do mixed lists and nest them or break lines in lists	* You can even do mixed lists # and nest them #* or break lines<br>in lists
Definition list word definition of the word longer phrase phrase defined	; word : definition of the word ; longer phrase : phrase defined
indenting A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph. This is often used for discussion on Talk pages.	: A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
Centered text.	<center>Centered text.</center>
A horizontal dividing line: above and below. If you don't use a section header, you don't get a TOC entry.	A horizontal dividing line: above ---- and below.

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Links, URLs

More information at Help:Link

Internal links

General notes:

Enclose the target name in double square brackets -- "[[" and "]]"
First letter of target name is automatically capitalized
Spaces are represented as underscores (but don't do underscores yourself)
Links to nonexistent pages are shown in red -- MediaWiki User's Guide: Starting a new page tells about creating the page.
When the mouse cursor "hovers" over the link, you see a "hover box" containing...

What it looks like	What you type
Basic Sue is reading the official position (or Official positions).	Sue is reading the [[official position]] (or [[Official position]]s).
Interwiki linking A link to the page on another wiki (e.g. the same subject in another language) For more info see m:Help:Interwiki linking. fr:Wikipédia:Aide.	For more info see [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]]. [[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
Section of page List of cities by country#Morocco. List of cities by country#Sealand. If the section doesn't exist, the link goes to the top of the page	[[List of cities by country#Morocco]]. [[List of cities by country#Sealand]].
piped link Use a pipe "\|" to create a link label: About Links Cities in Morocco	[[Help:Links\|About Links]] [[List of cities by country#Morocco\| Cities in Morocco]]
"blank" pipes hide stuff: In parentheses: kingdom. Namespace: Village pump. After you save, the server automatically fills in the link label.	In parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)\|]]. Namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump\|]].
Links to nonexistent pages The weather in London is a page that doesn't exist yet. You can create it by clicking on the link. Have a look at how to start a page guide and the naming conventions page for your project.	[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet.
Link to yourself You should "sign" your comments on talk pages: Your user name: Karl Wick Or your user name plus date/time: Karl Wick 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC) The server will fill in the link after you save.	You should "sign" your comments on talk pages: : Your user name: ~~~ : Or your user name plus date/time: ~~~~
Redirect one article title to another with this special link.	#REDIRECT [[United States]]
"Magic" links ISBN links to books: ISBN 0123456789X (See Help:ISBN links RFC links to Requests for Comments: RFC 123 (See mediawiki:Rfcurl)	ISBN 0123456789X RFC 123
Media links To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. Sound	[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg\|Sound]]
Dates Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use Special:Preferences to change your own date display setting.	[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]] and [[1969]]-[[07-20]] will all appear as 20 July-1969 if you set your date display preference to 1 January 2001.
Special pages "What links here" and "Recent changes" can be linked as: Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Advanced editing and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Help:Advanced editing	[[Special:Whatlinkshere/ Help:Editing]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/ Help:Editing]]

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External links

Nupedia, [3]	[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com. In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%- &#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written ^ (to be looked up in ASCII). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.	Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.

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Images, video, and sounds

What it looks like

What you type

In-line picture

For many projects, only images that have been uploaded to the same project or the Commons can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list

A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]

or, with alternative text (strongly encouraged)

[[Image:Wiki.png|
Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia]]

Web browsers render alternative text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See Alternative text for images for help on choosing alternative text. See Extended image syntax for more options. There is more information on resizing and other formatting tricks.

Other ways of linking to pictures

The Image page: Image:Wiki.png
A link to just the picture: Wikipedia

[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
[[media:Wiki.png|Wikipedia]]

Other Media Links -- Video and Sounds

Use a "media" link: Sound
There is More information on other media types.

[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

Text formatting -- controlling how it looks

What it looks like	What you type
Emphasize (italics), strongly (bold), very strongly (bold italics). (These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.)	''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
You can also write italic and bold. This is useful in mathematical formulas where you need specific font styles rather than emphasis. F = ma (The difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, so most people ignore it).	You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b>. This is useful in mathematical formulas where you need specific font styles rather than emphasis. :<b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b>
You can also write in small caps.	You can also write <span style="font-variant:small-caps">in small caps</span>.
A typewriter font, sometimes used for `technical terms`.	A typewriter font, sometimes used for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
You can use small text for captions.	You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
You can ~~strike out deleted material~~ and underline new material.	You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>.
Subscript: x₂ Superscript: x² or x² Most browser have an easier time formatting lines with ² than with <sup>2</sup> ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² / J m. 1 hectare = 1 E4 m²	Subscript: x<sub>2</sub> Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x² ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&sup2]]

Spacing things out -- spaces and tables

Using non-breaking spaces

x² ≥ 0 true.

<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;
&nbsp;&ge;
&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.

Using Wikitext piped tables

x²		≥0	true.
a		b

See templates Template:hs1, Template:hs, and Template:vs for more examples

{||-
|<i>x</i><sup>2</sup> 
| width=20px | || width=20px | ≥0 || true.
|-
| a || || b
|}

See Help:Table for more information

Just show what I typed

<nowiki> and <pre> tags can tell the server and the browser to display things as you typed them.

Example arrow → italics link	arrow → ''italics'' [[link]]
<nowiki> interpret special characters don't interpret special wiki markup reformat text (removing newlines and multiple spaces) arrow → ''italics'' [[link]]	<nowiki> arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] </nowiki>
<pre> interpret special characters don't interpret special wiki markup don't reformat text arrow → ''italics'' [[link]]	<nowiki><pre>arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] </nowiki>
leading space interpret special characters interpret special wiki markup don't reformat text arrow → italics link	arrow → ''italics'' [[link]]
preformatted text IF a line of plain text starts with a space it will be formatted exactly as typed in a fixed-width font lines won't wrap ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ASCII art; * chemical structures; WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. (see also below)	IF a line of plain text starts with a space it will be formatted exactly as typed in a fixed-width font lines won't wrap ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ASCII art; * chemical structures;
typewriter font `arrow →` `italics` `link`	<tt>arrow →</tt> <tt>''italics''</tt> <tt>[[link]]</tt>
Show special character codes →	&rarr;
Comments The text between here and here won't be displayed	The text between '''here''' <!-- comment here --> '''and here''' won't be displayed

Complicated mathematical formulae

$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}$

See Formula or TeX markup

<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

Special characters

Umlauts and accents: (See MediaWiki User's Guide: Creating special characters) è é ê ë ì í À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ	è é ê ë ì í À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô &oelig; õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ
Punctuation: ¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • - – —	¿ ¡ « » § ¶ &dagger; &Dagger; • - – —
Commercial symbols: ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤	™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤
Greek characters: α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω	α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω
Math characters: ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑	∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe; ¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑

Including another page -- transclusion and templates

Changing a transcluded file will change every file that transcludes it.

transclusion: Including the contents of another page into the current page.

This transclusion demo is a little bit of text from the page Help:Transclusion Demo to be included into any file.

{{:Transclusion Demo}}

template

A special kind of page designed for transclusion. These pages are found in the Template: namespace Templates can even take parameters. When you edit a page, all the templates used on the page are listed below the edit box.

This is underlined

{{Title|hovertext|This is underlined}}

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