Mathematics

Mathematics refers to one of the main branches of science. It is the most fundamental of all branches, being necessary to all other sciences, and is the most "pure", enabling (in theory) absolute precision and accuracy because of its abstract nature. In actuality, there are mathematical systems, such as chaos theory, that preclude absolute precision. Mathematics refers to the science of using and manipulating numbers and quantifiable values. It is, in turn, divided into many categories, including but not limited to:

• Arithmetic, the science of increasing or decreasing numeric quantities by direct operations between two or more numbers. These operations include addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.

• Geometry, the science of measuring, assessing and predicting shapes (dimensionality).

• Trigonometry, the science of measuring, predicting, and using angles and circular functions.

• Algebra, the science of numeric problem-solving by using substituted abstractions for unknown values.

• Calculus, the science of manipulating numeric values in multiple dimensions, especially addressing rates of changes and additions of tensors (including vectors).

• Statistics, the science of estimating uncertain values and the level of that uncertainty, especially probabilities.

In accordance with the needs of various branches of mathematics, there are many number systems.