Kimigayo and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages

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Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.

He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.

Sculptures by Carpeaux

Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
Girl with Shell
Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes

Neapolitan Fisherboy

Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.

Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.

Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.

External links

A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
-[[Image:Kimigayo.score.svg|right|thumb|240px|Score of "Kimi ga Yo"]]
+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]]
-{{nihongo|'''''Kimi ga Yo'''''|君が代|}}, often translated as "The Emperor's Regin" is [[Japan]]'s [[National Anthem]], and is also one of the world's shortest national anthems in current use. The [[lyrics]] are based on a [[Waka (poetry)|Waka]] poem written in the [[Heian Period]], sung to a melody written in the later [[Meiji Era]].
+{{Commonscat}}
+'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
-Although ''Kimi ga Yo'' has long been Japan's ''[[de facto]]'' national anthem, it was only legally recognized as such in 1999 with the passing of the [[Law Concerning the National Flag and Anthem]].
+He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
-==Lyrics==
-<div style="margin: 0.5em 3em; padding: 0.5em 1em; background-color: #e0e0f0; border: 1px solid #b0b0d0;">
-{{col-start}}
-{{col-break}}
-Kimi ga yo wa<br />
-Chiyo ni<br />
-Yachiyo ni<br />
-Sazare ishi no<br />
-Iwao to narite<br />
-Koke no musu made
+== Sculptures by Carpeaux ==
-{{col-break}}
-''May The Emperor's reign''<br />
-''Continue for a thousand,''<br />
-''eight thousand generations,''<br />
-''Until the pebbles''<br />
-''Grow into boulders''<br />
-''Lush with moss.''
+* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]]
-{{col-break}}
+* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]])
-{{lang|ja|きみがよは<br />
+* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]]
-ちよに<br />
+* Girl with Shell
-やちよに<br />
+* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]]
-さざれいしの<br />
-いわおとなりて<br />
-こけのむすまで}}
+==Neapolitan Fisherboy==
-{{col-break}}
-{{lang|ja|君が代は<br />
-千代に<br />
-八千代に<br />
-細石の<br />
-巌となりて<br />
-苔の生すまで}}
+Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]]
-{{col-end}}</div>
+Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
-The term ''kimi'' is an ancient one roughly meaning "our lord," and referring to the [[Emperor of Japan]]. The idea that pebbles can grow into boulders was popular in [[Heian period|Heian]] Japan. But during the Heian Period when this poem was written, ''kimi'' meant "my sweetheart" or simply "you", as it often means today.
-The Japanese flag is very symbolic to its people. The red dot in the middle symbolizes the sun. The sun aymbolizes Amaterasu who is the Sun Goddess, she is the symbol of Japan. The flag is known as Hi no Maru in Japanese. Japan in Japanese means Orgin of the Sun. They believe that the Emperor descended from Amaterasu.
+Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition.  The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]].
-== Origin ==
-[[Image:Shimogamo-Sazareishi-M1641.jpg|thumb|200px|Sazare-ishi (細石), a kind of boulder formed from pebbles, at [[Kamo Shrine|Shimogamo Shrine]] in [[Kyoto]]]]
-The lyrics first appeared in a poem anthology, ''[[Kokin Wakashū]]'', as an anonymous poem.  While anonymous poems were not uncommon at that time, and the author may have been in fact unknown, the anonymity might be because the author belonged to one of the lower classes.  The poem was also included in a lot of anthologies, and in a later period used as a celebration song by people of all walks of life.
+==External links==
-In [[1869]], around the start of the [[Meiji Era]], John William Fenton, a visiting Irish military band leader, realized that there was no national anthem in Japan, and recommended [[Iwao Oyama]], an officer of the [[Satsuma Clan]], to make the national anthem of Japan.  Iwao agreed and selected the lyrics. The lyrics are said to have been chosen for their similarity to the [[God Save the Queen|British national anthem]], which is understandable since at the time Japan's modernization was heavily influenced by European powers. Iwao then asked Fenton to make the melody for it.  This was the first version of ''Kimi ga Yo'', which was discarded in 1876 because of its low popularity.
+*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)]
-In [[1880]], the Imperial Household Agency adopted a new melody composed by [[Yoshiisa Oku]] and [[Akimori Hayashi]].  The composer is often listed as Hiromori Hayashi, who was their supervisor and Akimori's father.  The German musician [[Franz von Eckert]] applied the melody with Western style harmony.  This is the second and current version of ''Kimi ga Yo''.
+*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
+*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations]
+[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
-==Controversy==
+[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
-Since the end of [[World War II]], there has been criticism of the anthem for its association with [[militarism]] and the virtual worship of the emperor as a deity, which some see as incompatible with a democratic society.  Similar objections have been raised to Japan's current national flag, and demonstrations are sometimes held against both.
+[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
+[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-In 1999, the Japanese government passed the [[Law Concerning the National Flag and Anthem]], which designated ''Kimi ga Yo'' as the official anthem and the [[Hinomaru]] as the national flag.
+[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
+[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-Schools have seen conflict over both the anthem and the flag, as the Tokyo Board of Education requires that the anthem be sung and that the flag be flown at events at Tokyo metropolitan government schools, and that school teachers respect both (by, for example, standing for the singing of the anthem) or risk losing their jobs.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1790903,00.html A touchy subject ], [[The Guardian]], [[June 5]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200603150191.html Tokyo: Students must sing 'Kimigayo'], [[Asahi Shimbun]], [[March 15]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref>  Some have protested that such rules violate the [[Constitution of Japan|Japanese constitution]], while the Board, for its part, has argued that since schools are government agencies, their employees have an obligation to teach their students how to be good Japanese citizens.
+[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
+[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-Opponents respond that as Japan is a democratic country, a national anthem praising a monarch is not appropriate and that forced participation in a ceremony involving the singing of an anthem is against the free thought clause in the Japanese Constitution.  Supporters of the anthem argue that ''Kimi ga Yo'' has been the de-facto national anthem of Japan since the [[Meiji Era]] and is an important way to foster patriotism and loyalty to the emperor, which is an important national characteristic of Japan.  They also suggest that ''Kimi ga Yo'' is comparable to the anthems of other democratic countries, for example the [[United Kingdom]]'s (another democracy) ''[[God Save the Queen]]''.
+[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]]
-In 2006 Katsuhisa Fujita, a retired teacher in Tokyo, was threatened with imprisonment, and fined 200,000 yen (about 2,000 dollars), after he was accused of disturbing a graduation ceremony at Itabashi High School by urging the attendees to remain seated during the playing of the anthem.<ref>[http://home.kyodo.co.jp/modules/fstStory/index.php?storyid=248658 FEATURE: Upcoming verdict on retired teacher draws attention], [[Kyodo News]], [[May 24]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref>
-Since 2003, 401 teachers have been punished for refusing to take part in anthem related events, though Fujita is the only man to have been convicted in relation to it. His case provoked criticism from the Japanese press and teachers.
-As a way to avoid that type of punishment, teachers who are opposed to the compulsory singing of the anthem have tried to expand various English-language parody lyrics across Japan and through the internet. The parodies take the Japanese syllables and replace them with English phonetic equivalents (for example, in one of the more popular versions, 'Kimi ga yo wa' becomes 'Kiss me girl, your old one'), allowing those who sing the new version to remain undetected in a crowd. Japanese conservatives deride what they describe as 'sabotage'. There is also a political significance to some of the alternative English lyrics as they can allude to [[comfort women]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1785687,00.html Japan's rebels sing out with English parody of anthem], The Guardian, [[May 30]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200605/kt2006053017324111970.htm Satirized Anthem Spreads in Japan], [[The Korea Times]], [[May 30]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?click_id=29&art_id=iol1148912121748P630&set_id=1 Parody of Japan anthem spreading as protest], [[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]], [[May 29]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://www.chefelf.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=5304 Nipponese National Nthem Nobbled!], The Chefelf Night Life Times, [[May 29]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], [[2006]].</ref><ref>
-[http://www.sankei.co.jp/seiron/wnews/0605/web-news0529-3.html The original article of the content (in Japanese)], [[Sankei Shimbun]] [[May 29]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 31]], [[2006]].</ref>
-On [[21 September]], [[2006]], the Tokyo District Court ordered the Tokyo Metropolitan Government to pay compensation to all the teachers
-who had been subjected to fines and/or punishment under the directive of the Tokyo Board of Education. [[Junichiro Koizumi]] commented, "It is a natural idea to treat the national anthem importantly". This was seen as a landmark ruling in Japan upholding the Fundamental Law of Education in Japan.
-== See also ==
-*[[Flag of Japan]]
-==References==
-<references/>
-== External links ==
-{{Sisterlinks|Kimi ga yo}}
-* Listen to [http://www.japan-cc.com/sounds/kimigayo.ra Kimi ga yo] (.ra format)
-* [http://web-japan.org/factsheet/flag/anthem.html web-japan.org]
-* [http://www.nationalanthems.info/dl.php?file=jp.mid Kimi ga Yo (MIDI)]
-* [http://www.national-symbol.com/J/Japan/Japan-national-symbol.htm A vocal version]of "Kimi Ga Yo" featured in the "Japan" entry at the website [http://www.national-symbol.com/ "National Symbols"]. (MP3 format)
-{{Nationalanthemsofasia}}
-[[Category:National symbols of Japan]]
-[[Category:Japanese poetry]]
-[[Category:Japanese songs]]
-[[Category:National anthems]]
-[[ar:نشيد وطني ياباني]]
-[[ast:Kimi ga yo]]
-[[be:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[be-x-old:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[cs:Japonská hymna]]
-[[da:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[de:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[et:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[es:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[eo:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[fr:Kimi ga yo]]
-[[ko:일본의 국가]]
-[[hr:Kimigayo]]
-[[id:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[it:Kimi ga yo]]
-[[he:המנון יפן]]
-[[lv:Japānas himna]]
-[[lt:Japonijos himnas]]
-[[hu:Japán himnusz]]
-[[ms:Kimi ga Yo]]
-[[nl:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[ja:君が代]]
-[[no:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[nn:Kimigayo]]
-[[pl:Hymn Japonii]]
-[[pt:Hino nacional do Japão]]
-[[ro:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[ru:Гимн Японии]]
-[[sq:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[simple:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[sl:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[sr:Химна Јапана]]
-[[fi:Kimi ga yo]]
-[[sv:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[th:คิมิงะโยะ]]
-[[vi:Kimi Ga Yo]]
-[[uk:Кімі ґа йо]]
-[[zh:君之代]]