Loquat and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
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{{Taxobox |
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]] |
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| color = lightgreen |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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| name = Loquat |
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| image = Eriobotrya japonica2.jpg |
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| image_width = 240px |
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| image_caption = Loquat fruit approaching maturity |
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae |
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] |
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] |
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| ordo = [[Rosales]] |
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Maloideae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Eriobotrya]]'' |
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| species = '''''E. japonica''''' |
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| binomial = ''Eriobotrya japonica'' |
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]]) [[John Lindley|Lindl.]] |
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| synonyms = ''Mespilus japonica'' <br> ''Photinia japonica'' |
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}} |
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'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency. |
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The '''loquat''' (''Eriobotrya japonica'') is a fruit tree in the subfamily [[Maloideae]] of the family [[Rosaceae]], indigenous to southeastern [[China]]. |
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He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin. |
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==Description== |
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It is an [[evergreen]] large [[shrub]] or small [[tree]], with a rounded crown, short trunk and woolly new twigs. The tree can grow to 5-10 m tall, but is often smaller, about 3-4 m. |
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== Sculptures by Carpeaux == |
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, 10-25 cm long, dark green, tough and leathery in texture, with a serrated margin, and densely velvety-hairy below with thick yellow-brown pubescence; the young leaves are also densely pubescent above, but this soon rubs off. |
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* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]] |
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Loquats are unusual among fruit trees in that the [[flower]]s appear in the autumn or early winter, and the fruits are ripe in late winter or early spring. The flowers are 2 cm diameter, white, with five petals, and produced in stiff [[panicle]]s of three to ten flowers. |
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* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]]) |
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* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]] |
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* Girl with Shell |
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* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]] |
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==Neapolitan Fisherboy== |
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Loquat fruits, growing in clusters, are oval, rounded or pear-shaped, 3-5 cm long, with a smooth or downy, yellow or orange, sometimes red-blushed skin. The succulent, tangy flesh is white, yellow or orange and sweet to subacid or acid, depending on the [[cultivar]]. Each fruit contains five ovules, of which three to five mature into large brown seeds. The skin, though thin, can be peeled off manually if the fruit is ripe. |
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Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]] |
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[[Image:BlossomingLoquat.jpg||left|thumb|Loquat in flower. This is a [[cultivar]] intended for home-growing, where the flowers open gradually, and thus the fruit also ripens gradually, compared to the commercially grown species where the flowers open almost simultaneously, and the whole tree's fruit also ripens together.]] |
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Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study. |
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==Use== |
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The loquat is comparable to the [[apple]] in many aspects, with a high sugar, acid and [[pectin]] content. It is eaten as a fresh fruit and mixes well with other fruits in fresh fruit salads or fruit cups. Firm, slightly immature fruits are best for making pies or tarts. The fruits are also commonly used to make [[jam]], [[jelly]], and [[chutney]], and are delicious poached in light [[syrup]]. |
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Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]]. |
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A type of loquat syrup is used in [[Chinese medicine]] for soothing the throat like a [[cough drop]]. Combined with other ingredients and known as 枇杷膏 ([[Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa|pípágāo]], ''lit. loquat paste''), it is acts as a [[demulcent]] and an [[expectorant]], as well as to soothe the digestive and respiratory systems. Loquats can also be used to make wine. |
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Like most related plants, the seeds (pips) and young leaves of the plant are slightly poisonous, containing small amounts of cyanogenetic glycocides which release [[cyanide]] when digested, though the low concentration and bitter flavour normally prevents enough being eaten to cause harm. |
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*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)] |
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==History== |
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*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page) |
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The Loquat was introduced into [[Japan]] and became [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] there in very early times, and has been cultivated there for over 1,000 years. It has also become naturalised in [[India]] and many other areas. Chinese immigrants are presumed to have carried the loquat to [[Hawaii]]. |
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*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations] |
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[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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The Loquat was often mentioned in ancient Chinese literature, such as the poems of [[Li Bai]]. The Loquat was referred to multiple times in the video games [[Skies of Arcadia]] for the [[Sega Dreamcast]] and [[Skies of Arcadia Legends]] for the [[Nintendo Gamecube]]. In these games, it is used to make a popular fruit juice that many people in the game drink. |
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[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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==Production== |
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[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[Japan]] is the leading producer of loquats, followed by [[Israel]] and [[Brazil]]. In [[Bermuda]], the loquat is a very popular fruit, usually available from February thru April, and is commonly used in loquat jam. They are also grown in [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Greece]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Armenia]], Southern [[Italy]], [[Malta]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]] (particularly around the town of [[Callosa d'en Sarrià]]), the south of [[France]], and northern [[Africa]]. |
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[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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==Cultivation== |
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[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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The Loquat is easy to grow and is often also grown as an [[ornamental tree]]; it was commonly grown in [[California]] by the 1870s. It also thrives in the humid south-east Texas (Houston) climate, as well as all over Israel. The boldly textured foliage adds a tropical look to gardens, contrasting well with many other plants. |
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[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]] |
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==Etymology== |
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The name loquat derives from ''lou4 gwat1'', the [[Cantonese (linguistics)|Cantonese]] pronunciation of its old classical Chinese name ({{zh-stp|s=芦橘|t=蘆橘|p=lújú}}, literally "reed orange"). In modern Chinese, it is more commonly known as ''pipa'' ({{zh-cp|c=枇杷|p=pípá}}), from the resemblance of its shape to that of the Chinese musical instrument [[pipa]] (琵琶). Likewise, in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] it is called ''biwa'', similarly named from the corresponding musical instrument, [[biwa]]. It is also known as the "Japanese [[medlar]]", an appellation used in many languages: ''nêspera'' or ''magnório'' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]), ''níspero'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]), ''nespola'' ([[Italian language|Italian]]),náspolya (Hungarian), ''nespra'' ([[Catalan language|Catalan]]), ''nèfle du Japon'' or ''bibasse'' ([[French language|French]]). Other names include: ''sheseq'' ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]), ''Askidinya'' , ''Akkidinya'' , ''Igadinya'' or ''Bashmala'' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]), ''Akkadeneh'' or ''Akka Dhuniya'' ([[Lebanese Arabic|Lebanese]]), ''zger'' or ''Nor Ashkhar'' ([[Armenian language|Armenian]]), ''mushmala'' ([[Georgian language|Georgian]]), ''mousmoula'' or ''mespilia'' ([[Greek language|Greek]]), ''musmula'', ''yeni dunya'', ''yedi dunya'', or ''Malta erigi'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. In both Turkish and Armenian the name literally means "new world." |
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== See also == |
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*[[Kumquat]] |
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*[[Limequat]] |
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*[[Orangequat]] |
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* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/loquat.html Loquat Fruit Facts from the California Rare Fruit Growers] |
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* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html Loquat page from Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plant Products site] |
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{{commons|Loquat}} |
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[[Category:Maloideae]] |
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[[Category:Flora of China]] |
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[[Category:Accessory fruit]] |
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[[ar:اكي دنيا]] |
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[[de:Japanische Wollmispel]] |
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[[el:Μουσμουλιά]] |
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[[fr:Néflier du Japon]] |
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[[ko:비파나무]] |
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[[it:Eriobotrya japonica]] |
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[[he:שסק]] |
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[[nl:Loquat]] |
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[[ja:ビワ]] |
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[[pt:Nêspera]] |
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[[sv:Loquat]] |
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[[tr:Malta eriği]] |
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[[zh:枇杷]] |
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Revision as of 01:07, 19 June 2007
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
Sculptures by Carpeaux
- Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
- The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
- Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
- Girl with Shell
- Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes
Neapolitan Fisherboy
Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.
External links
- A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
- A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
- A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations