Anostraca and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
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{{Taxobox |
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]] |
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| color = pink |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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| name = Fairy shrimp |
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| image = Fairy_shrimp.jpg |
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| image_caption = Adult fairy shrimp |
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| image_width = 200px |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Arthropoda]] |
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| subphylum = [[Crustacea]] |
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| classis = [[Branchiopoda]] |
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| subclassis = '''Sarsostraca''' |
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| subclassis_authority = [[Tasch]], 1969 |
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| ordo = '''Anostraca''' |
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| ordo_authority = [[Georg Sars|G. O. Sars]], [[1867]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Families]] |
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| subdivision = |
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[[Artemiidae]] <small>Grochowski, 1896</small><br /> |
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[[Branchinectidae]] <small>Daday, 1910</small><br /> |
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[[Branchipodidae]] <small>Simon, 1886</small><br /> |
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[[Chirocephalidae]] <small>Daday, 1910</small><br /> |
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[[Parartemiidae]] <small>Daday, 1910</small><br/> |
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[[Polyartemiidae]] <small>Simon, 1886</small><br /> |
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[[Streptocephalidae]] <small>Daday, 1910</small><br /> |
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[[Tanymastigiidae]] <small>Weekers et al., 2002</small><br /> |
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[[Thamnocephalidae]] <small>Simon, 1886</small><br /> |
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}} |
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'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency. |
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'''Fairy shrimp''' ('''Anostraca''') are [[Branchiopoda|branchiopods]] that include [[brine shrimp]]. They often appear in [[vernal pool]]s, [[pot hole]]s and other [[ephemeral pool]]s. Although they live in fresh or saltwater they do not live in oceans or seas. They are well-adapted to living in arid areas where water is present for only part of the year. Their eggs will survive [[drought]] for several years and hatch about 30 hours after rains fill the pools where they live. Some eggs may not hatch until going through several wet/dry cycles, ensuring the animals' survival through times that the pools don't last long enough for the shrimp to reproduce. |
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He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin. |
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[[Image:Branchinecta packardi.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Adult fairy shrimp, ''Branchinecta packardi'']] |
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The [[Western United States]] (especially [[California]]) is home to many species of fairy shrimp, five of which are threatened or endangered: the vernal pool fairy shrimp (''Branchinecta lynchi'', threatened), the [[Conservancy fairy shrimp]] (''Branchinecta conservatio'', endangered), the [[San Diego fairy shrimp]] (''Branchinecta sandiegonensis'', endangered), the [[longhorn fairy shrimp]] (''Branchinecta longiantenna'', endangered), and the [[Riverside fairy shrimp]] (''Streptocephalus wootoni'', endangered). All these listed species are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the west coast, some found in fewer than a dozen populations in a very small area. The vernal pool fairy shrimp (''Branchinecta lynchi'') was thought to exist only in [[California]] until a population was discovered in the [[Agate Desert]] area of [[Oregon]] in [[1998]]. |
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== Sculptures by Carpeaux == |
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Although most fairy shrimp are small (under ½ [[inch]], 1 [[centimetre|cm]]), the largest species are over 6 inches (15 cm) long and are predatory on other fairy shrimp. The [[giant fairy shrimp]] (''Branchinecta gigas'') is the largest and is found in the playas of California's southern deserts. This species traps the much smaller [[alkali fairy shrimp]] (''Branchinecta mackini'') with its large [[antenna (biology)|antennae]]. In contrast, the newly-discovered giant fairy shrimp ''Branchinecta raptor'' from Idaho has modified raptorial phyllopodia, which it uses to stab and puncture its prey. |
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==Characteristics== |
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The body of a fairy shrimp is distinctly separated into head, [[thorax]], and abdomen. The head consists of two sections - the first one with the [[antennae]] and [[eyes]], and the second one bearing the jaws ([[Mandible (arthropod)|mandibles]] and maxillae). The first pair of antennae, known as ''antennules'', are usually of considerable length, but not segmented. The second pair, however, is more muscular, especially in males. The males use their antennae to grasp females while mating. In some males these antennae are equipped with numerous outgrowths and are quite unusual in shape. At the sides of the head is a pair of stalked [[compound eye]]s and an unpaired [[Nauplius (larva)|naupliar]] eye at the top of the head. |
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* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]] |
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The mandibles are strong but bear no [[palp]]s, and the [[Maxilla (arthropod)|maxillae]] are primitive in structure. In front of the mandibles is a hoodlike upper lip which hinders the flow of water towards the mouth. |
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* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]]) |
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* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]] |
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* Girl with Shell |
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* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]] |
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==Neapolitan Fisherboy== |
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In most fairy shrimps the thorax consists of 11 segments and a few have 17-19 [[thoracic]] segments. Every segment bears a pair of leaflike legs. They are all similar in structure, and every leg has 2 or 3 lobes on the outer side, which contain the breathing organs, and one lobe for paddling. On the inner side are 6 lobes that push the water to the mouth opening. On the [[ventral]] side of the body is a deep groove inside which the water flows to the mouth. |
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Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]] |
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The abdomen is cylindrical and consists of 8 segments and a [[telson]] plate. |
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==Reproduction== |
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Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study. |
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During mating, the male swims under the female and grasps her with his antennae. He may hold on from several minutes to several days, and then the crustaceans separate. Inside the female's body the eggs are wrapped in yolk and a strong shell which is, in certain species, equipped with spikes or bumps. The eggs are released by the female into her egg sac, 2-3 days after mating, but next are dumped into the water and sink to the bottom, where they start developing.<ref>L. A. Zenkevich. ''The Animal Life (Zhizn' Zhivotnykh), Volume 2. Chapter 7 - Phylum Arthropoda.''</ref> |
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Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]]. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*http://www.vernalpool.org/inf_fs.htm |
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*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)] |
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{{Refimprove|date=June 2007}}{{commonscat|Anostraca}} |
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*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page) |
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== References == |
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*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations] |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<references/> |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[ca:Anostraci]] |
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[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[de:Kiemenfüßer]] |
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[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[fr:Anostraca]] |
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[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[it:Anostraca]] |
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[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[ja:ホウネンエビ]] |
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[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]] |
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Revision as of 01:07, 19 June 2007
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
Sculptures by Carpeaux
- Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
- The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
- Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
- Girl with Shell
- Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes
Neapolitan Fisherboy
Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.
External links
- A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
- A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
- A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations