Blood plasma and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |
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'''Blood plasma''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[blood]], in which the [[blood cell]]s are suspended. '''Plasma''' is a [[yellow]] colored liquid. Plasma is the largest single component of blood, making up about 55% of total blood [[volume]]. |
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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]] |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency. |
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==Description== |
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He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin. |
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Blood plasma contains many vital [[protein]]s including [[fibrinogen]], [[globulins]] and [[human serum albumin]]. Sometimes blood plasma may contain [[viral]] impurities which must be extracted through [[viral processing]]. A simple way to separate plasma from blood cells in a blood sample is by [[centrifugation]]. |
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== Sculptures by Carpeaux == |
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"Serum" refers to blood plasma in which [[clotting factor]]s (such as [[fibrin]]) have been removed naturally by allowing the blood to [[clot]] prior to isolating the liquid component. |
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* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]] |
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Plasma resembles [[whey]] in appearance (transparent with a faint [[straw]] color). It is mainly composed of [[water]], [[blood protein]]s, and [[inorganic electrolyte]]s. It serves as transport medium for [[glucose]], [[lipid]]s, [[amino acids]], [[hormone]]s, [[metabolite|metabolic end products]], [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>) and [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>). The [[oxygen transport capacity]] and [[oxygen content]] of plasma is much lower than that of the [[hemoglobin]] in [[red blood cell]]s; the CO<sub>2</sub> will, however, increase under [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy|hyperbaric]] conditions. Plasma is the storage and transport medium of clotting [[factor]]s. Its protein content is necessary to maintain the [[oncotic pressure]] of the blood, which "holds" the serum within the vessels. [[Plasmapheresis]] is a type of therapy involving separation of plasma from red blood cells. |
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* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]]) |
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* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]] |
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* Girl with Shell |
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* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]] |
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==Neapolitan Fisherboy== |
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==Fresh frozen plasma== |
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{{main|Fresh frozen plasma}} |
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Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]] |
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"Fresh [[frozen]] plasma" (FFP) is prepared from a single [[unit]] of blood. It is frozen after collection and can be stored for one [[year]] from date of collection. FFP contains all of the coagulation factors and proteins present in the original unit of blood. It is used to treat [[coagulopathy|coagulopathies]] from [[warfarin]] overdose, [[liver disease]], or dilutional coagulopathy. FFP which has been stored more than the standard [[length]] of time is re-classified as simply "frozen plasma," which is identical except that the coagulation factors are no longer considered completely [[viable]].<ref>[http://bloodbanker.com/plasma Blood Plasma Donation Centers Reviewed]</ref> |
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Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study. |
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It is also used to treat TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) because it is not possible to treat this disease by transfusing platelets. |
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Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]]. |
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==Dried plasma== |
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==External links== |
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[[Image:Britain_and_us_plasma_packages_wwii.jpg|thumb|300px|Dried plasma packages used by Britain and US military during WWII]] |
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"Dried plasma" was developed and first used during [[World War II|WWII]]. Prior to the [[United States]]' involvement in the war, liquid plasma and "whole blood" were used. The "[[Blood for Britain]]" program during the early [[1940s]] was quite successful (and popular stateside) based in part on Dr.[[Charles Drew]]'s contribution. A large [[project]] was begun in [[August]] of the year [[1940]] to collect blood in [[New York City]] hospitals for the export of plasma to [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. Dr. Drew was appointed [[medical]] supervisor of the "Plasma for Britain" project. His notable contribution at this time was to transform the [[test tube]] methods of many blood [[research]]ers, including himself, into the first successful [[mass production]] techniques. |
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*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)] |
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Nonetheless, the decision was made to develop a [[dried]] plasma package for the [[armed forces]] as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler. <ref>[http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter1.htm Transfusion before World War I]</ref> |
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*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page) |
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*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations] |
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[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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The resulting [[Army]]-[[Navy]] dried plasma package came in two [[tin can]]s containing 400 [[Cubic centimetre|cc]] bottles. One bottle contained enough [[distilled water]] to completely reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. In about three [[minute]]s, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four [[hour]]s. <ref> [http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter7.htm Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and Transfusion Equipment]</ref> |
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[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]] |
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[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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Following the "Plasma for Britain" project, Dr. Drew was named [[Executive director|director]] of the [[Red Cross]] [[blood bank]] and assistant director of the [[National Research Council]], in charge of blood collection for the United States Army and Navy. Dr. Drew argued against the armed forces [[directive]] that blood/plasma was to be separated by the [[race]] of the [[donor]]. Dr. Drew argued that there was no racial difference in [[human]] blood and that the [[policy]] would lead to needless [[death]]s as [[soldier]]s and [[sailor]]s were required to wait for "same race" blood. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} |
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[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the [[surplus]] plasma was returned stateside for [[civilian]] use. [[Serum albumin]] replaced dried plasma for [[combat]] use during the [[Korean War]].<ref>[http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/blood/chapter11.htm The Plasma Program]</ref> |
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[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]] |
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== References == |
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[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]] |
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{{transfusion medicine}} |
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{{Renal physiology}} |
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[[Category:Blood]] |
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[[Category:Blood products]] |
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[[Category:Body fluids]] |
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[[Category:Hematology]] |
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[[ca:Plasma sanguini]] |
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[[cs:Krevní plazma]] |
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[[da:Blodplasma]] |
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[[de:Blutplasma]] |
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[[es:Plasma sanguíneo]] |
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[[eu:Odol-plasma]] |
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[[fr:Plasma sanguin]] |
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[[ko:혈장]] |
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[[is:Blóðvökvi]] |
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[[it:Plasma (biologia)]] |
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[[he:פלזמה (דם)]] |
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[[nl:Bloedplasma]] |
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[[ja:血漿]] |
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[[no:Blodplasma]] |
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[[nn:Blodplasma]] |
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[[nds:Bloodplasma]] |
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[[pl:Osocze krwi]] |
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[[pt:Plasma (sangue)]] |
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[[ru:Плазма крови]] |
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[[simple:Blood#Plasma]] |
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[[sk:Krvná plazma]] |
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[[sr:Крвна плазма]] |
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[[fi:Veriplasma]] |
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[[sv:Blodplasma]] |
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[[th:พลาสมา (เลือด)]] |
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[[tr:Kan plazması]] |
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[[ur:آبدم]] |
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[[zh:血浆]] |
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Revision as of 01:07, 19 June 2007
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.
Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
Sculptures by Carpeaux
- Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
- The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
- Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
- Girl with Shell
- Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes
Neapolitan Fisherboy
Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.
Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.
External links
- A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
- A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
- A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations