Myspace and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages

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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]]
{{Infobox_Website
{{Commonscat}}
|url = http://www.myspace.com
|name = MySpace.com
|origin = [[Santa Monica, California]]
|logo = [[Image:Myspace logo.PNG|MySpace logo]]
|screenshot = [[Image:Tom profile.jpg|250px]]
|caption = Typical MySpace profile (MySpace co-founder [[Tom Anderson (MySpace)|Tom Anderson]]'s profile shown here)
|commercial = Yes
|type = [[Social network service]]
|registration = Required for most services
|location = [[Santa Monica, California]], [[United States|USA]]
|owner = [[News Corporation]]
|author = [[Tom Anderson (MySpace)|Thomas Anderson]] and [[Christopher DeWolfe]]
}}
[[Image:Foxinteractivemediaheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fox Interactive Media headquarters (where MySpace is also housed)]]
'''MySpace''' is a popular [[social network service|social networking]] [[website]] offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music and videos internationally. It is headquartered in [[Beverly Hills, California]], [[United States|USA]],<ref>[http://www.laobserved.com/biz/2006/08/my_space_is_not_thei.php My Space is not their space anymore] - Article on the move to Beverly Hills. Retrieved [[March 16]], [[2007]].</ref> where it shares an office building with its immediate owner, [[Fox Interactive Media]]; in turn, the owner of Fox Interactive (and therefore MySpace), [[News Corporation]], is headquartered in [[New York City, New York|New York City]].


'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
According to [[Alexa Internet]], MySpace is currently the world's sixth most popular English-language website and the sixth most popular website in any language,<ref>[[Alexa Internet]]'s ''[http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?url=www.myspace.com Alexa.com's website rankings system]'' and ''[http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none top 500 global websites]''. Retrieved [[January 25]], [[2007]]</ref> and the third most popular website in the [[United States]], though it has topped the chart on various weeks<ref name="reuters20060711">{{cite news
|url=http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=technologyNews&storyID=2006-07-11T154250Z_01_N11382172_RTRUKOC_0_US-MEDIA-MYSPACE.xml
|publisher=[[Reuters]]
|title=MySpace gains top ranking of US Web sites
|date=2006-07-11
|accessdate=2006-08-09
}}</ref>. The service has gradually gained more popularity than similar websites to achieve nearly 80% of visits to online social networking websites.<ref name="reuters20060711" /> It has become an increasingly influential part of contemporary [[popular culture]], especially in English speaking countries.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}


He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
The company employs 300 staff<ref name="CNNMoney-MyspaceCowboys">{{cite news
| url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/09/04/8384727/index.htm
| publisher=CNN
| title=MySpace Cowboys
| last=Sellers
| first=Patricia
| date=2006-08-24
| accessdate=2006-08-28
}}</ref> and does not disclose revenues or profits separately from News Corporation. With the 100 millionth account being created on [[August 9]], [[2006]],<ref name="MySpace100Millionth Profile">{{cite news
|url=http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=100000000
|publisher=MySpace
|title=100,000,000th Account
|date=2007-02-25
|accessdate=2007-02-21
}}</ref> in [[The Netherlands]]<ref name="Murdochcomments">{{cite news
| url=http://internet.seekingalpha.com/article/15237
| publisher=SeekingAlpha
| title=Rupert Murdoch Comments on Fox Interactive's Growth
| last=Murdoch
| first=Rupert
| date=2006-08-09
| accessdate=2006-09-12
}}</ref> and a news story claiming 106 million accounts on [[September 8]], [[2006]],<ref name="ElReg-MySpaceMusic">{{cite news
| url = http://go.theregister.com/feed/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/09/08/myspace_threatens_record_labels/
| title = MySpace music deal poses multiple threats
| date = 2006-09-08
| accessdate = 2006-09-08
| publisher = The Register
}}</ref> the site reportedly attracts new registrations at a rate of 230,000 per day.


== Sculptures by Carpeaux ==
==History==
The current MySpace service was founded in [[November 2003]] [http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article2/0,1217,a=198614,00.asp] by [[Tom Anderson (MySpace)|Tom Anderson]] (an alumnus of both the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and the [[University of California, Los Angeles]]), the current president and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]; [[Chris DeWolfe]] (a graduate of [[University of Southern California]]'s [[Marshall School of Business]]); and a small team of programmers. It was partially owned by [[Intermix Media]], which was bought in July 2005 for US$580 million by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Corporation]] (the parent company of [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Broadcasting]] and other media enterprises).<ref>{{cite press release
|publisher=[[Intermix Media]]
|date=2005-07-18
|url=http://www.intermix.com/about_press_inthenews.cfm?id=752&startrow=8
|title=News Corporation to Acquire Intermix Media, Inc.
|accessdate=2005-12-29
}}</ref> Of this amount, approx. US$327m has been attributed to the value of MySpace according to the financial advisor fairness opinion.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://freemyspace.com/?p=1 | title = "The MySpace Report" | publisher = freemyspace.com | date = 2006-10-28 | accessdate = 2007-02-25}}</ref>


* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]]
The corporate history of MySpace as well as the status of Tom Anderson as a MySpace founder has been a matter of [[MySpace#Controversy over corporate history|some public dispute]].
* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]])
* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]]
* Girl with Shell
* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]]


==Neapolitan Fisherboy==
In [[January 2006]], Fox announced plans to launch a UK version of MySpace in a bid to "tap into the UK music scene"<ref>{{cite news
|publisher=[[BBC News]]
|date=2006-01-24
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4642622.stm
|title=MySpace looks to UK music scene
|accessdate=2006-01-24
}}</ref> which they have since done.
They also plan to launch in [[People's Republic of China|China]] and possibly other countries.<ref name="corante">[http://goingglobal.corante.com/archives/2006/06/21/myspace_china_germany_and_france_this_summer.php MySpace China, Germany, and France this Summer?]</ref>


Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]]
==Contents of a MySpace profile==
===Blurbs, blogs, multimedia===
Profiles contain two standard "[[blurb]]s": "About Me" and "Who I'd Like to Meet" sections. Profiles also contain an "Interests" section and a "Details" section. However, fields in these sections will not be displayed if members do not fill them in. Profiles also contain a [[blog]] with standard fields for content, emotion, and media. MySpace also supports uploading images. One of the images can be chosen to be the "[[Userpic|default image]]," the image that will be seen on the profile's main page, search page, and as the image that will appear to the side of the user's name on comments, messages, etc. Flash, such as on MySpace's video service, can be embedded. Also there is a "details" section which allows the user to provide personal information on the user such as his/her [[race]], [[religion]], and [[sexual orientation]]. As of May 2, 2007, a very popular Myspace Group called "I Support" reported that the sexual orientation feature of Myspace had removed the option of "gay." While most rumors that float around My Space end up as false; doing a quick check of this rumor reveals that in fact, "gay" has been removed from the options of sexual orientation. The only ones that appear are straight, lesbian, not sure, and no answer. Myspace states that this was an error caused by a bug in the system.


Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
===Friend Space===
[[Image:onlinenow.gif|thumb|right|An image used to signify when a friend is signed in]]
The User's Friends Space contains a count of a user's friends, a "Top Friends" area, and a link to view all of the user's friends. Users can choose a certain number of friends to be displayed on their profile in the "Top Friends" area. The "Top Friends" used to be restricted to eight friends, commonly called the "Top 8". People bypassed this limitation by using third-party tools to emulate a "Top X" friends. MySpace now allows four, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, and now up to and including fourty friends to be displayed in the "Top Friends" area. If a friend's page has been deleted, blank spaces will be shown on the pages. If the user clicks onto "edit friends", there will be a block that says, "this profile no longer exists". Before the "Top 8" system was put in place, the eight friends displayed on the user's profile were the first eight friends to sign up for Myspace. When the user's entire friend list is viewed, all of their friends are shown sorted in order of their signup date, regardless of their placement in the user's "Top Friends."


Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]].
===Comments===
Below the User's Friends Space (by default) is the "comments" section, wherein the user's friends may leave comments for all viewers to read. MySpace users have the option to delete any comment and/or require all comments to be approved before posting. If a user's account is deleted, every comment left on other profiles by that user will be deleted, and replaced with the comment saying "This Profile No Longer Exists." Comments have been the real engine behind MySpace.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} Many sites were developed to offer HTML comments like MySpace comments. {{Fact|date=May 2007}} These HTML comments are mainly links to images on other sites, and offer bandwidth in return for visitors.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

===Profile customization (HTML)===
{{wikinews|MySpace to take on iTunes}}
MySpace allows users to customize their user profile pages by entering [[Hypertext markup language|HTML]] (but not [[JavaScript]]) into such areas as "About Me", "I'd Like to Meet", and "Interests". Videos, and flash-based content can be included this way. Users also have the option to add music to their profile pages via MySpace Music, a service that allows bands to post songs for use on MySpace.

A user can also change the general appearance of his page by entering [[Cascading style sheets|CSS]] (in a <tt>&lt;style&gt; ... &lt;/style&gt;</tt> element) into one of these fields to override the page's default style sheet using myspace editors. This is often used to tweak fonts and colors, but it has its limitations due to poorly-structured HTML used on the profile page. The fact that the user-added CSS is located in the middle of the page (rather than being located in the <tt>&lt;head&gt;</tt> element) means that the page will begin to load with the default MySpace layout before abruptly changing to the custom layout.

There are several independent web sites offering MySpace layout design utilities which let a user select options and preview what their page will look like with them.

MySpace has recently added its own "Profile Customizer" to the site, allowing users to change their profile through MySpace; therefore, the issue with CSS loading too late is resolved, as the MySpace default profile appearance is changed for the customized profile.

===Music===
MySpace profiles for [[musician]]s are different from normal profiles in that artists are allowed to [[upload]] up to five [[MP3]] songs. The uploader must have rights to use the songs (e.g their own work, permission granted, etc). Unsigned musicians can use MySpace to post and sell music, which has proven popular among MySpace users.

==MySpace features==
===Bulletins===
Bulletins are posts that are posted on to a "bulletin board" for everyone on a MySpace user's friends list to see. Bulletins can be useful for notifying an entire, but usually a portion of the friends list (depending on how many friends are added), without resorting to messaging users individually. Some users choose to use Bulletins as a service for delivering chain messages about politics, religion, or anything else and sometimes these chain messages are condsidered threatening to the users, especially the ones that mention bad luck, death, or topics similar to that.<ref name="gainesville times">[http://www.timescommunity.com/site/tab6.cfm?newsid=17259951&BRD=2553&PAG=461&dept_id=506108&rfi=6 Chit Chat]</ref> They have also become the primary attack point for [[phishing]]. Bulletins are deleted after ten days.

===Groups===
MySpace has a Groups feature which allows a group of users to share a common page and message board.
Groups can be created by anybody, and the moderator of the group can choose for anyone to join, or to approve or deny requests to join.

===MySpace IM===
{{mainarticle|MySpaceIM}}
In early 2006, MySpace introduced MySpaceIM, an [[instant messenger]] that uses one's MySpace account as a screen name. A MySpace user logs in to the client using the same e-mail associated with his or her MySpace account. Unlike other parts of MySpace, MySpaceIM is [[stand-alone]] software for [[Microsoft Windows]]. Users who use MySpaceIM get instant notification of new MySpace messages, friend requests, and comments.

===MySpace Mobile===
There are a variety of environments in which users can access MySpace content on their mobile phone. American mobile phone provider [[Helio]] released a series of mobile phones in early 2006 that can utilise a service known as MySpace Mobile to access and edit one's profile and communicate with, and view the profiles of, other members.<ref name="moconews-MySpaceHelios">{{cite web
| url = http://www.moconews.net/?p=5176
| title = MySpace Mobile To Debut On Helio; Details on Handsets
| author =
| publisher = Dis*Content Media LLC
| date = 2006-02-16
| accessdate = 2006-09-08
}}</ref> Additionally, [[UIEvolution, Inc.|UIEvolution]] and MySpace developed a mobile version of MySpace for a wider range of carriers, including [[Cingular]].<ref name="screenplays-MySpaceUIEvolution">{{cite web
| url = http://www.screenplaysmag.com/news_exclusives/MySpace-UIEvolution-091406.html
| title = MySpace Picks UIEvolution to Develop Mobile User Interface, Experiences
| author =
| publisher = ScreenPlays
| date =
| accessdate = 2006-09-27
}}</ref> MySpace Mobile will be appearing on [[Vodafone]] in [[UK|Britain]] during the first half of 2007.<ref name="MySpaceVodaphone">{{cite web
| url = http://live.marketclusters.com/cl2/view/2007/02/07/myspace_partners_with_vodafone/
| title = MySpace partners with Vodafone
| author =
| publisher = StrategyWire
| date =
| accessdate = 2007-02-08
}}</ref>

==Controversy over corporate history==
===Spam / Tom Anderson PR===
In September 2006, a lengthy article written by journalism student Trent Lapinski, [http://www.valleywag.com/tech/myspace/myspace-the-business-of-spam-20-exhaustive-edition-199924.php "MySpace: The Business of Spam 2.0"], was published by the [[Silicon Valley]] gossip blog, [[Valleywag]] (a [[Gawker Media]] property). The article recounted a detailed corporate history of MySpace, alleging that what was now regarded as a social networking website had been originally designed as a [[Spam (electronic)|spam]] delivery system aimed at exploiting [[Friendster]], and had initially gained popularity through an intensive mass email campaign rather than word of mouth <ref>http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B12FF38550C758DDDA00894DE404482</ref>. Amongst other claims was the assertion that [[Tom Anderson (MySpace)|Tom Anderson]] had originally been hired as a [[copyeditor]] and his "founder" and "first friend" status was a [[public relations]] invention. Lapinski suggested that News Corp. had attempted to suppress the publication of the history. News Corp. declined to comment publicly on the article{{Fact|date=May 2007}}.

===Brad Greenspan / The MySpace Report ===
In October 2006, Brad Greenspan (the former Chairman, CEO and largest individual shareholder of Intermix Media, who claims to be the true "founder of MySpace") launched a [http://freemyspace.com/ website] and published "[http://freemyspace.com/?p=1 The MySpace Report"] that called for the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]], the [[United States Department of Justice]] and the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] Committee on Finance to investigate News Corp's acquisition of MySpace as "one of the largest [[merger and acquisition]] scandals in U.S. history".<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://news.ecoustics.com/bbs/messages/10381/277195.html
| publisher=ecoustics.com
| title=Myspace.com Founder Issues Report Finding News Corp.'s Myspace Acquisition Defrauded Shareholders of More Than $20 Billion
| date=2006-10-09
| accessdate=2007-02-25
}}</ref> The report's main allegation is that News Corp. should have valued MySpace at US$20 billion rather than US$327 million, and had, in effect, defrauded Intermix shareholders through an unfair deal process.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1141294651.html?dids=1141294651:1141294651&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+6%2C+2006&author=Dawn+C.+Chmielewski&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=MySpace+Founder+Seeks+Inquiry
| publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]
| title=MySpace Founder Seeks Inquiry
| date=2006-10-08
| accessdate=2007-02-25
}}</ref> The report received a mixed response from financial commentators in the press.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2006/tc20061005_397237.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_businessweek+exclusives
| publisher=[[Business Week]]
| title=Was MySpace Sold on the Cheap?
| date=2006-10-06
| accessdate=2007-02-25
}}</ref> An initial lawsuit led by Greenspan challenging the acquisition was dismissed by a judge.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/288111_myspace10.html
| publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]
| title=Suit over sale of MySpace dismissed
| date=2006-10-10
| accessdate=2007-02-25
}}</ref>

Greenspan's report also states that the MySpace program code had originally been the brainchild of an Intermix/eUniverse programmer named Toan Nguyen who made the breakthrough technical contributions to the project.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freemyspace.com/history.htm |title= "MySpace: The story of it's creation" |accessdate=2007-02-25 |format= html}}</ref>

[[Valleywag]] speculated that Greenspan was likely a key source for Lapinski's September article, "[http://www.valleywag.com/tech/myspace/myspace-founder-accuses-company-of-defrauding-investors-of-20-billion-205652.php MySpace founder accuses company of defrauding investors of $20 billion]". As of November 2006, Lapinski was listed as a staff member of [http://www.censorspace.com CensorSpace.com] - a blog focused on alleged excessive censorship on MySpace and other websites, and which was founded by Greenspan.

==Criticism==
===Accessibility===
Because most MySpace pages are designed by individuals with little [[HTML]] experience, a very large proportion of pages do not satisfy the criteria for valid HTML or CSS laid down by the [[W3C]]. Poorly formatted code can cause accessibility problems for those using software such as [[screen reader]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/ | title = Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 | publisher = [[W3C]] | date = 1999-05-05 | accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> The MySpace home page, as of June 11, 2007, fails HTML validation with 223 errors, using the W3C's [http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myspace.com%2F&charset=%28detect+automatically%29&doctype=Inline validator].

Furthermore, MySpace is set up so that anyone can customise the layout and colors of their profile page with virtually no restrictions, provided that the advertisements are not covered up by [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] or using other means. As MySpace users are usually not skilled [[Web development|web developers]], this can cause further problems. Poorly constructed MySpace profiles could potentially freeze up [[web browser]]s due to malformed CSS coding, or as a result of users placing many high [[Bandwidth#Digital systems|bandwidth]] objects such as videos, graphics, and [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] in their profiles (sometimes multiple videos and soundfiles are automatically played at the same time when a profile loads). [[PC World]] magazine cited this as its main reason for naming MySpace as #1 in its list of twenty-five worst web sites ever.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,127116-page,7-c,sites/article.html | title = The 25 Worst Web Sites | last = Tynan | first = Dan | publisher = [[PC World]] | date = 2006-09-15 | accessdate = 2006-10-08}}</ref>
In addition, new features have been gradually added. This, and the increasing number of MySpace members, leads to an increase in bandwidth used. This increase in usage often slows down the [[Server (computing)|server]]s and may result in a "Server Too Busy" error message for some users who are on at peak hours, "Sorry! an unexpected error has occurred. This error has been forwarded to MySpace's technical group.", or a variety of any other error messages throughout the day.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

===Security===
In October 2005, a flaw in the MySpace's site design was exploited by a user only known as "Samy" to create the world's [[Samy (XSS)|first self-propagating cross-site scripting (XSS) worm]]. [[MSNBC]] has also reported that MySpace is a "hotbed" for [[spyware]], and that infection rates are rising because of MySpace.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14413906/ | title=Social-networking sites a 'hotbed' for spyware| publisher =MSNBC}}</ref> In addition to this, the customization of user pages currently allows the injection of certain HTML which can be crafted to form a [[phishing]] user profile, thus keeping the myspace.com domain as the address.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://mashable.com/2006/10/27/myspace-phishing-attack-appears-on-3000-pages/
| title=MySpace Phishing Attack Appears on 3000 Pages
| date=2006-10-27
|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2006/10/27/myspace_accounts_compromised_by_phishers.html}}
</ref>
More recently, there has been spam on bulletins that has been the result of phishing.<ref>{{cite web | title=Analysing 20000 MySpace Passwords | date=2006-09-16 | url=http://www.cyber-knowledge.net/blog/2006/09/16/analyzing-20000-myspace-passwords/}}</ref> Users find their MySpace homepage with bulletins they didn't post, realizing later they had been phished. The bulletin consists of an advertisement that provides a link to a fake login screen, tricking people into typing in their MySpace e-mail and password.

Other security fears regarding profile content itself are also present. For example, the embedding of videos inherently allows all of the format's abilities and functions to be used on a page. A prime example of this surfaced in December 2006, when embedded [[QuickTime]] videos were shown to contain hyperlinks to JavaScript files, which would be run simply by a user visiting a 'phished' profile page, or even in some cases by simply viewing a user's 'about me' elsewhere on the site. Users who entered their login information into a fake login bar that appeared would also become 'phished', and their account would be used to spam other members, thus spreading this security problem.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://blog.spywareguide.com/2006/12/myspace_phish_attack_leads_use.html
| title=Myspace Phish Attack Leads Users to Zango Content
| date=2006-12-01}}
</ref>

In April 2007, a house in the United Kingdom was wrecked by gatecrashers storming a party after reading an invite for it on MySpace. The party caused an estimated £20,000 worth of damage, forcing the family to move out after graffiti was sprayed on walls and light fixtures were ripped out. Rachel Bell, the organizer of the party, claimed that her account was hacked and she only expected a small number of people to turn up. The resulting situation required several police cars and a dog-handling unit in order to restore peace.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/04/13/nparty13.xml</ref>

===Child safety===
The minimum age to register an account on MySpace is 14.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://collect.myspace.com/misc/terms.html
| title=MySpace terms of service
}}</ref> Profiles with ages set to 14 or 15 years are automatically private. Users whose ages are set at 16 or over have the option to restrict their profiles and the option of allowing certain personal data to be restricted to people other than those on their friends list. Accessing the full profile of, or messaging someone when their account is set to "private" (or if under sixteen) is restricted to a MySpace user's direct friends.

MySpace will delete these profiles if the victim verifies their identity and points out the profile via e-mail.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.myspace.com/Modules/Help/Pages/HelpCenter.aspx?Category=2&Question=26
| title=MySpace FAQ
| work=MySpace Stuff
|last=Anderson
|first=Tom
|date=2006-09-12
|accessdate=2006-09-12
}}</ref>

Recently, MySpace has been the focus of a number of news reports stating that teenagers have found ways around the restrictions set by MySpace, and have been the target of online predators.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11165576/
| title = MySpace, Facebook attract online predators
| publisher = MSNBC
}}</ref> In response, MySpace has given assurances to parents that the website is safe for people of all ages. Beginning in late June 2006, MySpace users whose ages are set over 18 could no longer be able to add users whose ages are set from 14 to 15 years as friends unless they already know the user's full name or email address.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/business/14867119.htm?source=rss&channel=mercurynews_teens
| title=MySpace plans restrictions to protect younger teens
| publisher = San Jose Mercury News
}}</ref> Some third party Internet safety companies like Social Shield<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/08/prweb426711.htm
| title= Social Shield Offers Help for Parents Struggling with Children on MySpace.com and other Social Networks
| publisher = PR Web
}}</ref> have launched online communities for parents concerned about their child's safety on MySpace.

In June 2006, 16-year-old [[Katherine Lester]] flew to the [[Middle East]], to Tel Aviv, Israel, after having tricked her parents into getting her a passport in order to be with a 20-year-old man she met through MySpace.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,198981,00.html</ref> U.S. officials in Jordan persuaded the teen to turn around and go home. <!--ref above-->

Though MySpace has established rules on child safety, they were not enforced until January 17, 2007.

In December 2006, MySpace announced new measures to protect children from known sex offenders. Although precise details were not given they said that "tools" would be implemented to prevent known sex offenders from the USA creating a MySpace profile.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6216736.stm
| title= MySpace to 'block sex offenders'
| publisher = BBC News Online
| date = [[2006-12-07]]
| accessdate = 2006-12-07
}}</ref>

In February 2007, a U.S. District Judge in Texas dismissed a case when a family sued MySpace for [[negligence]], [[fraud]] and [[misrepresentation]]; a girl in the family had been [[sexual assault|sexually assaulted]] by a man she met through MySpace, after she had misrepresented her age as 18 when she was 13. Regarding his dismissal of the case, U.S. District Judge Sam Sparks wrote: "If anyone had a duty to protect Julie Doe, it was her parents, not MySpace."<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2007/02/15/BUGEKO4VU01.DTL&type=business
| title= MySpace suit dismissed by judge in Texas
| publisher = San Francisco Chronicle
| date = [[2007-02-15]]
| accessdate = 2007-02-16
}}</ref>

===Social and cultural===
Dave Itzkoff, in the June 2006 ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine, related his experiences experimenting with membership in MySpace. Among his criticisms are that the distance afforded by the Internet emboldens members, such as females who feature photos of themselves in little clothing on their profile pages, to behave in ways that they would not behave in person, and that this duplicity undercuts the central philosophy of MySpace, which is to bring people together. Itzkoff also references the addictive, time-consuming nature of the site, mentioning that ''Playboy'' Playmate and MySpace member [[Julie McCullough]], who was the first to respond to his Add request, refers to the site as "cybercrack". Itzkoff claims that MySpace gives many people access to a member’s life, without giving the time needed to maintain such relationships, and that such relationships do not possess the depth of in-person relationships.

Itzkoff is particularly critical of the disturbing and fraudulent behavior of people who can contact a member, unsolicited, as when he was contacted by someone expressing a desire to socialize and date, but whose blog (to which Itzkoff was directed via subsequent emails) turned out to be a solicitation for a series of commercial porn sites. Itzkoff is also critical of more subtle commercial solicitations on the site, such as the banner ads and links to profiles and video clips that turn out to be commercials for new [[20th Century Fox]] films. Itzkoff also observes that MySpace’s much-celebrated music section is heavily weighted in favor of record labels rather than breakthrough musicians.

Itzkoff also relates criticism from another person he calls "Judas", who asserts that while the goal of attempting to bring together people who might not otherwise associate with one another in real life may seem honorable, it violates a social contract that exists when people interact in person, which render MySpace nothing more than a passing fad:

{{cquote|There will come a moment when, like deer quivering and flicking up their ears toward a noiseless noise in the woods, the first adopters will suddenly realize they’re spending their time blogging and adding and gawking at the same alarming photos an army of 14-year olds are and, quick as deer, they’ll dash to the next trend. And before you know it, we’ll all follow.<ref>Itzkoff, Dave; ''Playboy'' magazine; June 2006</ref>}}

===Censorship===
MySpace has also been accused of censorship by a number of political websites, including PrisonPlanet.com, which claims that all links to its website are automatically removed [http://prisonplanet.com/articles/may2007/110507myspaceadmits.htm], and that as a subsidiary of News Corporation it has been attempting to manipulate public opinion. This has particularly come to attention in light of Congressman [[Ron Paul]]'s declaration during the 2007 Republican Debates that anti-American terrorism (namely [[September 11, 2001 attacks|the Attack on September 11, 2001]]) was the result of the U.S. presence in the Middle East over the previous half-century.

===Stalking===
According to Alison Kiss, program director for Security on Campus, social networking websites such as MySpace and [[Facebook]] have made it easier for stalkers who target women on college campuses.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-23-vt-stalking_N.htm?csp=1 Stalking 'definitely a problem' for women at college] from the [[USA Today]], 04-23-07</ref>

===MySpace China===

The Chinese version of MySpace, launched in April of 2007, has many [[censorship]]-related differences from other international versions of the service. Discussion forums on topics such as religion and politics are absent, and a filtering system that prevents the posting of content about [[Taiwan independence]], the [[Dalai Lama]], [[Falun Gong]], and other "inappropriate topics" has been added.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://texyt.com/MySpace+China+censors+politics+religion+064|title= MySpace now available in China - minus politics and religion|author= Lu Enjie|date= 2007-04-26|publisher= Texyt.com}}</ref> Users are also given the ability to report the "misconduct" of other users for offenses including "endangering national security, leaking state secrets, subverting the government, undermining national unity, and spreading rumors or disturbing the social order."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://wwwcn.myspace.cn/Modules/Common/Pages/TermsConditions.aspx|title= MySpace.cn使用协议条款|accessdate= 2007-04-28|publisher= MySpace.cn|language= Chinese}}</ref>

:''See also: [[Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China]]''

==International sites==
Since early [[2006]], MySpace has offered the option to access the service in different regional versions. The alternative regional versions present automated content according to locality (e.g. UK users see other UK users as "Cool New People", and UK oriented events and adverts, etc.), offer local languages other than English, or accommodate the regional differences in spelling and conventions in the English-speaking world (e.g. United States: "favorites", mm/dd/yyyy; the rest of the world: "favourites", dd/mm/yyyy).

Sites currently offerred are:
*[http://www.myspace.com MySpace Global]
*[http://au.myspace.com MySpace Australia]
*[http://ca.myspace.com MySpace Canada (in English)] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://cf.myspace.com MySpace Canada (in French)] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://myspace.cn MySpace China (in Chinese)] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://fr.myspace.com MySpace France]
*[http://de.myspace.com MySpace Germany] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://ie.myspace.com MySpace Ireland]
*[http://la.myspace.com MySpace Latin America (in Spanish)] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://it.myspace.com MySpace Italy] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://jp.myspace.com MySpace Japan] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://mx.myspace.com MySpace Mexico] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://nl.myspace.com MySpace Netherlands]
*[http://nz.myspace.com MySpace New Zealand]
*[http://es.myspace.com MySpace Spain] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://uk.myspace.com MySpace UK]
*[http://latino.myspace.com MySpace USA (in Spanish)] (currently in [[beta]])
*[http://us.myspace.com MySpace USA (in English)] (this is, in fact, identical to the "global" site)

MySpace is also looking at expansion into [[India]], [[Korea]], and [[South Africa]].

==Musicians' rights and MySpace Terms of Use Agreement==
Until June 2006, there was a concern amongst musicians, artists, and bands on MySpace such as songwriter [[Billy Bragg]] owing to the [[fine print]] within the user agreement that read, "You hereby grant to MySpace.com a non-exclusive, fully-paid and royalty-free, worldwide license (with the right to sublicense through unlimited levels of sublicensees) to use, copy, modify, adapt, translate, publicly perform, publicly display, store, reproduce, transmit, and distribute such Content on and through the Services".
The fine print brought particular concern as the agreement was being made with [[Rupert Murdoch|Murdoch]]'s [[News Corporation]]. [[Billy Bragg]] brought the issue to the attention of the media during the first week of June 2006.<ref name="InquirerBragg">{{cite news
| url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/06/08/blly_bragg_myspace/
| publisher=The Register
| title=Billy Bragg prompts MySpace Rethink
| last=Orlowski
| first=Andrew
| date=2006-06-8
| accessdate=2006-09-12
}}</ref> Jeff Berman, a MySpace spokesman swiftly responded by saying, "Because the legalese has caused some confusion, we are at work revising it to make it very clear that MySpace is not seeking a license to do anything with an artist's work other than allow it to be shared in the manner the artist intends".

By [[June 27]], [[2006]], MySpace had amended the user agreement with, "MySpace.com does not claim any ownership rights in the text, files, images, photos, video, sounds, musical works, works of authorship, or any other materials (collectively, 'Content') that you post to the MySpace Services. After posting your Content to the MySpace Services, you continue to retain all ownership rights in such Content, and you continue to have the right to use your Content in any way you choose".

==Blocking==
Many schools and public libraries in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia have restricted access to MySpace because it has become "such a haven for student gossip and malicious comments".<ref>{{cite news|work=Curriculum Review|date=October 2005|title=Schools race to restrict MySpace}}</ref>

A Catholic school in New Jersey has even prohibited students from using MySpace at home, an action made to protect students from online predators as claimed by the school, although experts questioned the legality of such a ban.<ref> In Autumn 2005 [[Pope John XXIII Regional High School]] in [[Sparta Township, New Jersey]] made headlines by forbidding its students to have pages on MySpace or similar websites or face suspension or expulsion, even if only using the website outside of school.{{cite news|url=http://www.tdn.com/articles/2006/01/22/top_story/news01.txt|title=The MySpace case|work=The Daily News, Longview, Washington|date=[[2006-01-22]]|accessdate=2006-02-15}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1512215/20051025/index.jhtml?headlines=true]</ref><ref>[http://www.dailyrecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051024/NEWS01/510240324/1005 Blogging ban provokes a debate over cyberspace: Pope John H.S. demands that online profiles end, calls forums havens for sexual predators], ''Daily Record'', [[October 24]], [[2005]]</ref>

On [[July 28]] [[2006]], the United States House of Representatives passed a controversial bill requiring libraries and schools receiving certain types of federal funding ([[E-rate]]) to prevent unsupervised minors from using chat rooms and social networking websites, such as MySpace. This bill, known as the [[Deleting Online Predators Act of 2006]] (DOPA), was approved by a 410-15 vote in the [[United States House of Representatives]] but was not brought to a vote in the [[United States Senate]]. Since the Congressional session of its introduction expired, the bill must be reintroduced in either chamber to be voted upon again.

==Legal issues==
In May 2006, [[Long Island, New York]] teenagers Shaun Harrison and Saverio Mondelli were charged with illegal computer access and attempted extortion of MySpace, after both had allegedly [[hack]]ed into the site to steal the personal information of MySpace users before threatening to share the secrets of how they broke into the website unless MySpace paid them $150,000. Both teens were arrested by undercover [[Los Angeles]] police detectives posing as MySpace employees.<ref name="ElReg-TeenHack">{{cite news
| url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/05/25/myspace_hack_charges/
| title = Teen hack suspects charged over MySpace extortion bid
| last = Leyden
| first = John
| publisher = The Register
| date = 2006-05-25
| accessdate = 2006-09-09
}}</ref>

In April 2007, police in [[County Durham]], [[United Kingdom]], arrested a [[teenager|17-year-old]] girl on charges of criminal damage following a party advertised on MySpace, held at her parents' house without their consent. Over 200 teenagers came to the party from across the country, causing £25,000 of damage, such as [[cigarette]] butts, [[urine]] on clothing, and [[graffiti|writing on the walls]]. The girl's parents, who were away at the time, may have to move out of the house.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/femail/article.html?in_article_id=449819&in_page_id=1879
| title = What REALLY happened at the Myspace party from hell
| publisher = Daily Mail
| date = 2007-04-21
| accessdate = 2007-04-22
}}</ref>

==Celebrities on MySpace==
Some MySpace users have enjoyed a degree of fame due to their accounts. One example is [[Christine Dolce|Christine "ForBiddeN" Dolce]]'s appearance on ''[[The Tyra Banks Show]]'' and her own Playboy pictorial in the October 2006 issue. MySpace's music section has also helped many amateur bands progress. One illustrative example is English band [[Arctic Monkeys]], who owe some of their success to the publicity that MySpace generated for them. When asked about the popularity of the band's MySpace website in an interview with ''Prefix'' magazine, the band pointed out that they did not even know what MySpace was, and that their page had originally been created by their fans. It has been claimed that [[pop music|pop]] artist [[Lily Allen]]'s fame is also due in part to her being promoted on MySpace. In response to an interview question on [[Triple J]], in which she was asked if she was 'discovered by MySpace', Allen stated, "Not accurate at all, I had a record deal before I set up my MySpace account so, erm, that's ... couldn't really be further from the truth."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.abc.net.au/jtv/video/default.htm?clip=myspace
| title = triple j radio, Australia - video piece about MySpace | publisher = triple j/ABC}}</ref>

==YouTube==
[[YouTube]] first appeared on the web in early 2005, and it quickly gained popularity on MySpace due to MySpace users ability to embed YouTube videos in their MySpace profiles. Realising the competitive threat to the new MySpace Videos service, MySpace banned embedded YouTube videos from its user profiles. MySpace users widely protested the ban, prompting MySpace to lift the ban shortly thereafter. But since then, links from each embedded video on MySpace to the home pages of the video on YouTube have been blocked making it more difficult to find the same videos on YouTube's website.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060110/0735214.shtml
| title = So That's Why MySpace Blocked YouTube
| accessdate = 2006-07-28
| author = Carlos
| date = 2006-01-10
| publisher = Techdirt.com
}}</ref>

Since then YouTube has become one of the fastest-growing websites on the [[World Wide Web]],<ref name="adage_fastest">[http://adage.com/digital/article.php?article_id=110632 "YouTube Fastest Growing Website"] [[Advertising Age]] </ref> outgrowing MySpace's reach according to [[Alexa Internet]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&range=max&size=large&compare_sites=myspace.com&y=r&url=youtube.com#top
| title = Info for YouTube.com
| accessdate = 2006-07-26
| date = 2006-07-26
| publisher = Alexa.com
}}</ref> In July 2006 several news organisations reported that YouTube had overtaken MySpace.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://technology.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1834036,00.html
| title = YouTube overtakes MySpace
| accessdate = 2006-07-31
| date = 2006-07-31
| publisher = Guardian Unlimited
}}</ref> In a September 2006 investor meeting, News Corp. COO [[Peter Chernin]] claimed that virtually all <!-- formerly Web 2.0 went here, but I removed it for fear of confusion with Internet2--> modern Web applications (naming [[YouTube]], [[Flickr]], and [[Photobucket]]) were really just "driven off the back of MySpace" and that "we ought to be able to match them if not exceed them".<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.techcrunch.com/2006/09/12/myspace-we-dont-need-web-20/
| title = MySpace: We don't need Web 2.0
| accessdate = 2006-10-10
| last = Kirkpatrick
| first = Marshall
| date = 2006-09-12
| publisher = TechCrunch
}}</ref>

==Advertising==
* On [[August 8]], [[2006]], search engine [[Google]] signed a $900 million deal to provide a Google search facility and advertising on MySpace.<ref name="BBCNews-GoogleNewsCorp">{{ cite news

| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5254642.stm
| title = Google signs $900m News Corp deal
| publisher = [[BBC News]]
| date = 2006-08-07
| accessdate = 2006-09-09
}}</ref><ref name="ElReg-GoogleMySpace">{{ cite news
| url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/08/07/google_wins_myspace/
| title = Google pays $900m to monetise children via MySpace
| publisher = The Register
| last = Vance
| first = Ashlee
| date = 2006-08-07
| accessdate = 2006-09-09
}}</ref><ref name="GuardianBusiness-GoogleMySpace">{{ cite news
| url = http://business.guardian.co.uk/story/0,,1839333,00.html
| title = Google to pay $900m for MySpace link-up
| last = Clark
| first = Andrew
| publisher = Guardian Unlimited Business
| date = 2006-08-08
| accessdate = 2006-09-09
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of social networking websites]]
* [[MySpace Records]]
* ''[[The MySpace Movie]]''
* [[Social network]]
* [[Business network]]
* [[Social software]]
* [[MyDeathSpace.com]]
* [[Livevideo]]
* [[Internet phenomenon]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|news}}[http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=6d8134fbbe964d76f864b3b9682dcb19 "New American Media on Josh Ballard/MySpace"] on New American Media, Retrieved [[March 31]], [[2006]]-->
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|samy}} [[Slashdot]], [[October 14]], [[2005]]. ''[http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/10/14/126233&tid=172 Cross-Site Scripting Worm Floods MySpace]''. Retrieved [[December 29]], [[2005]].-->
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|capital}} [[The Capital]], [[January 1]], [[2006]]. ''[http://www.capitalonline.com/cgi-bin/read/2006/01_01-59/TOP Web site gives raw look into the lives of area teenagers]''. Retrieved [[January 24]], [[2006]].-->
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|boston}} [[Boston Globe]], [[December 8]], [[2005]]. ''[http://www.boston.com/business/personaltech/articles/2005/12/08/websites_power_to_overexpose_teens_stirs_a_warning/ Website's power to overexpose teens stirs a warning]''. Retrieved [[January 24]], [[2006]].-->
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|ABC}} [[ABC News]], ''World News Tonight'', [[March 28]], 2006. "[http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Politics/story?id=1778011&page=1&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 Religious Conservatives Gather to Discuss 'War Against Christians']". Retrieved [[March 30]], 2006. -->
<!-- No longer referenced: # {{note|stalking}} ''Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture'', [[September 9]], [[2002]]. ''[http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol9is3/spitzberg.html The Media Construction of Stalking Stereotypes]''. Retrieved [[March 23]], [[2006]].-->

== Further reading ==
*Davis, Donald Carrington, [http://law.bepress.com/expresso/eps/1943/ "MySpace Isn't Your Space: Expanding the Fair Credit Reporting Act to Ensure Accountability and Fairness in Employer Searches of Online Social Networking Services"], [Berkeley Electronic Press, ExpressO Preprint Series], January 16, 2007, Forthcoming in 16 Kan. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y __ (2007).
*Dodero, Camille, [http://bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/top/features/documents/04838542.asp "Lost in MySpace: Log on, tune in, and hook up with 22 million people online"], [[The Phoenix (newspaper)|The Boston Phoenix]], July 22-28, 2005.
*Dodero, Camille, [http://www.thephoenix.com/article_ektid30132.aspx "You and your tech-chic: As of 2006, new media isn’t just for geeks anymore"], The Boston Phoenix, December 20, 2006.


==External links==
==External links==
<!-- PLEASE NOTE: Links to sites for customising MySpace profiles will be deleted. -->
{{wikinews|Bloggers investigate social networking websites}}
* [http://www.myspace.com/ MySpace.com] MySpace Homepage
** [http://www.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=help.safetytips Safety Tips for Teens]
** [http://www.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=help.safetytips.forparents Safety Tips for Parents]
* [http://www.myspace.com/tom Tom Anderson] MySpace co-founder Homepage


*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)]
<!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================-->
*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
<!--| DO NOT ADD MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A COLLECTION OF |-->
*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations]
<!--| LINKS. If you think that your link might be useful, do not add it here, |-->
<!--| but put it on this article's discussion page first or submit your link |-->
<!--| to the appropriate category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org)|-->
<!--| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |-->
<!--| |-->
<!--| Links that have not been verified WILL BE DELETED. |-->
<!--| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details |-->
<!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================-->


[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
{{Fox Interactive Media}}
[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
{{News Corporation}}
[[Category:2003 establishments]]
[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
[[Category:Blog hosting services]]
[[Category:Community websites]]
[[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Global internet community]]
[[Category:Internet advertising and promotion]]
[[Category:MySpace|*]]
[[Category:News Corporation]]
[[Category:Online social networking]]
[[Category:Virtual communities]]
[[Category:Web 2.0]]
[[Category:2000s fads]]


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Revision as of 01:07, 19 June 2007

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art
La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.

He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.

Sculptures by Carpeaux

Neapolitan Fisherboy

Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.

Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.

Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.

External links

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