1977 and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages

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[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
{{year nav|1977}}
[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]]
{{C20YearInTopicX}}
{{Commonscat}}
:''Also: [[1977 (album)]] by [[Ash (band)|Ash]].''
Year '''1977''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMLXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link displays the 1977 [[Gregorian calendar]]).
{{C20YearTOCtempleton|1977|Ship events}}


'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
== Events 1977==
===January===
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* [[January 1]] - Queensland abolishes [[Inheritance tax|Death Duties]].
* [[January 10]] - [[Mount Nyiragongo]] erupts in eastern [[Zaire]] (now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]).
{{MonthR_31_Sa|January}}
[[Image:Jimmy Carter.jpg|thumb|115px|right| [[Jimmy Carter]], 39th [[US]] [[President]]]]


He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
* [[January 10]] - Ocean Park opens in [[Hong Kong]].
* [[January 15]] - [[Kälvesta air disaster]]: A Swedish airliner crashes into a residential area of [[Stockholm]], killing all 22 on board.
* [[January 17]] - [[Gary Gilmore]] is executed by [[firing squad]] in [[Utah]] (the first execution after the reintroduction of the death penalty in the USA).
* [[January 18]] - Scientists identify a previously unknown [[bacterium]] as the cause of the mysterious [[Legionellosis|Legionnaires' disease]].
* [[January 18]] - [[Australia]]'s worst [[Granville railway disaster|railway disaster at Granville]], near [[Sydney]], leaves 83 people dead.
* [[January 18]] - [[SFR Yugoslavia]] Prime minister, [[Džemal Bijedić]], his wife and six others were killed in a plane crash in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].
* [[January 19]] - U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]] pardons [[Iva Toguri D'Aquino]] (aka "[[Tokyo Rose]]").
* [[January 19]] - [[Snow]] falls in [[Miami, Florida]] (despite its ordinarily [[tropical climate]]) for the only time in its history. Snowfall has occurred farther south in the [[United States]] only on the high mountains of the state of [[Hawaii]].
* [[January 20]] - [[Jimmy Carter]] succeeds [[Gerald Ford]] as the 39th [[President of the United States]].
* [[January 21]] - U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]] pardons [[Vietnam War]] draft evaders.
* [[January 23]] - ''[[Roots (TV miniseries)|Roots]]'' begins its phenomenally successful run on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].
* [[January 24]] - [[1977 Massacre of Atocha|Massacre of Atocha]] during the [[Spanish transition to democracy]].
* [[January 27]] - Record company [[EMI]] sacks the controversial [[United Kingdom]] [[punk rock]] group the [[Sex Pistols]]
* [[January 29]] - Actor [[Freddie Prinze]] dies from a self inflicted [[bullet]] wound.
* [[January 29]] - Dean & Adair Dunsford marry in New Zealand


== Sculptures by Carpeaux ==
===February===
{{MonthR_28_Tu|February}}
* [[February 4]] - [[Fleetwood Mac]]'s [[Grammy]]-winning album ''[[Rumours]]'' is released.
* [[February 7]] - The [[Soviet Union]] launches ''[[Soyuz 24]]'' ([[Viktor Gorbatko]], [[Yuri Glazkov]]) to dock with the ''[[Salyut 5]]'' space station.
* [[February 11]] - A 20.2-kg (44-lb.-9-oz.) lobster is caught off [[Nova Scotia]] (heaviest known [[crustacean]]).
* [[February 18]] - The [[space shuttle]] [[Space Shuttle Enterprise|''Enterprise]]'' test vehicle goes on its maiden "flight" while sitting on top of a [[Boeing 747]], at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] in [[California]].
* [[February 28]] - State Opening of the [[New Zealand Parliament]], by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]].


* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]]
===March===
* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]])
{{MonthR_31_Tu|March}}* [[March 4]] - The [[1977 Bucharest Earthquake]] kills 1,500.
* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]]
* [[March 5]] - [[Formula One]] driver [[Tom Pryce]] dies after colliding with a [[marshall]] at the [[South African Grand Prix]] in [[Kyalami]].
* Girl with Shell
* [[March 8]] - State Opening of the [[Australian Parliament]], [[Canberra]] by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]].
* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]]
* [[March 9]] - Approximately a dozen armed [[Hanafi]] [[Muslim]]s take over 3 buildings in [[Washington, DC]], killing 1 person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends 2 days later.
* [[March 12]] - The [[Centenary Test]] between Australia and England begins at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]].
* [[March 15]] - The television show ''[[Three's Company]]'' debuts on ABC.
* [[March 15]] - Tenor [[Luciano Pavarotti]] and the [[PBS]] [[opera]] series ''[[Live from the Met]]'' both make their [[United States|American]] [[television]] debuts. Pavarotti stars in a complete production of [[Puccini]]'s ''[[La Boheme]]''.
* [[March 27]] - [[Tenerife disaster]]: a collision between [[KLM]] and [[PanAm]] [[Boeing 747]]s at [[Tenerife]], [[Canary Islands]], kills 583 (the worst single aviation incident on record).


==Neapolitan Fisherboy==
===April===
{{MonthR_30_Fr|April}}
* [[April 1]] - [[Hay-on-Wye]] declares independence.
* [[April 7]] - German Federal Prosecutor [[Siegfried Buback]] and his driver are shot by two [[Red Army Faction]] members while waiting at a red light near his home in [[Karlsruhe]]. "The [[Ulrike Meinhof]] Commando" later claims responsibility.
* [[April 7]] - The [[Toronto Blue Jays]] play their first-ever game of [[baseball]] against the [[Chicago White Sox]].
* [[April 8]] - Punk band [[The Clash]]'s debut album ''[[The Clash]]'' is released in the [[UK]] on [[CBS Records]].
* [[April 11]] - [[London's transport history from 1933|London Transport's]] [[1977 Silver Jubilee|Silver Jubilee]] [[Routemaster|buses]] are launched.
* [[April 22]] - First use of [[optical fiber]] to carry live [[telephone]] traffic.
* [[April 27]] - The [[Guatemala City air disaster]] kills 28 people.
* [[April 28]] - A [[Stuttgart]] court sentences [[Red Army Faction]] members [[Andreas Baader]], [[Gudrun Ensslin]] and [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] to [[life imprisonment]].


Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]]
===May===
{{MonthR_31_Su|May}}
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* [[May 1]] - [[Taksim Square massacre]] in [[Istanbul]]: 34 dead, hundreds injured
* [[May 3]] - ''[[HMS Invincible]]'' is launched at [[Barrow-in-Furness]] by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 5]] - [[1977 Silver Jubilee]] review of the [[British police]] at [[Hendon Police College]] by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 7]] - [[Pierre Elliot Trudeau]] does a [[pirouette]] behind the back of [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 7]] - Marie Myriam wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1977]] for France with her song ''L'oiseau et l'enfant'' ("The Bird and the Child").
* [[May 13]] - The [[1977 Silver Jubilee]] Air Fair is held at [[RAF Biggin Hill]].
* [[May 14]] - The [[1977 IAS Cargo Boeing 707 airplane crash]] in [[Lusaka]], [[Zambia]] kills all 6 on board.
* [[May 14]] - In [[Milan]], [[Italy]], during a far-left demonstration, a hooded person shoots at the police, killing a policeman, Antonino Custrà. The scene is photographed and the picture [http://img135.imagevenue.com/img.php?image=32481_2_122_540lo.jpg] of the hooded man shooting in the middle of the street will appear in many magazines around the world.
* [[May 17]] - The [[Likud]] Party, led by [[Menachem Begin]], wins the elections in [[Israel]].
* [[May 17]] - [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] commences her [[1977 Silver Jubilee]] tour in [[Glasgow]].
* [[May 23]] - Scientists report using [[bacterium|bacteria]] in a lab to make [[insulin]].
* [[May 23]] - [[Molucca]]n terrorists take over a school in [[Midden-Drenthe|Bovensmilde]], northern [[Netherlands]] (105 hostages), and a passenger train in Bovensmilde-[[Assen]] route nearby (90 hostages) at the same time. On [[June 11]], [[Dutch Royal Marines]] storm the train; 6 terrorists and 2 hostages are killed.
* [[May 25]] - ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' opens in cinemas (later renamed ''Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope'') and becomes the highest grossing film of all time. (''It would eventually be succeeded by ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'').
* [[May 26]] - [[George Willig]] climbs the South Tower of the [[World Trade Center]].
* [[May 27]] - [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] opens the new Air Terminal Building at [[Edinburgh Airport]].
* [[May 27]] - The [[1977 Aeroflot Ilyushin 62 airplane crash]] in [[Cuba]] kills 69 people.
* [[May 28]] - Climax of [[Windsor, Berkshire]] celebrations.
* [[May 28]] - In [[Southgate, Kentucky]], the [[Beverly Hills Supper Club]] is engulfed in fire, killing 165 inside.
* [[May 29]] - [[Indianapolis 500]]: [[A.J. Foyt]] becomes the first driver to win a (to date) record 4 times.
* [[May 30]] - A [[1977 Silver Jubilee]] gala performance is held at the [[Royal Opera House]], [[London]].


Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
===June===
{{MonthR_30_We|June}}
* [[June 5]] - A [[coup]] takes place in [[Seychelles]].
* [[June 5]] - The first [[Apple II]] computers go on sale.
* [[June 6]]-[[June 9]] - [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Jubilee]] celebrations are held in the [[United Kingdom]] to celebrate twenty-five years of [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]'s reign.
* [[June 7]] - After campaigning by [[Anita Bryant]] and her anti-gay "Save Our Children" crusade, [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]] voters overwhelmingly vote to repeal the county's [[gay]] rights ordinance.
* [[June 10]] - [[James Earl Ray]] escapes from [[List of Tennessee state prisons|Brushy Mountain State Prison]] in [[Petros, Tennessee]] (he is recaptured on [[June 13]]).
* [[June 15]] - [[Spain]] has its first democratic [[election]]s, after 41 years under the [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] regime.
* [[June 20]] - The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules that states are not required to spend [[Medicaid]] funds on elective abortions.
* [[June 20]] - [[Anglia Television]] broadcasts the fake documentary "[[Alternative 3]]", which enters into the conspiracy theory canon.
* [[June 22]] - Robert Hillsborough, a [[gay]] San Franciscan, is brutally stabbed to death just steps from his home by 4 youths.
* [[June 25]] - [[United States|American]] [[Roy Sullivan]] is struck by [[lightning]] for the 7th time.
* [[June 26]] - Some 200,000 protesters march through the streets of [[San Francisco]], protesting [[Anita Bryant]]'s anti-gay remarks and Robert Hillsborough's murder.


Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]].
===July===
{{MonthR_31_Fr|July}}
* [[July 4]] - [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] manager [[Tommy Docherty]] is sensationally sacked by the club's directors.
* [[July 5]] - General [[Mohammed Zia ul-Haq]] overthrows [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], the very first elected Prime Minister of [[Pakistan]].
* [[July 7]], Vanessa Halprin is born in Portland, Maine.
* [[July 13]] - The [[New York City Blackout of 1977]] lasts for 25 hours, resulting in looting and other disorder.
* [[July 14]] - [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Victoria]], Crown Princess of [[Sweden]] is born.
* [[July 15]] - Anti-drug campaigner [[Donald Mackay]] disappears near Griffith, [[New South Wales]] (presumed murdered).
* [[July 19]] to [[July 20]] - [[Flood]] in [[Johnstown, PA]] caused by massive rainfall, kills over 75 people and causes billions in damage.
* [[July 22]] - The purged [[People's Republic of China|Chinese Communist]] leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] is restored to power as the "[[Gang of Four (China)|Gang of Four]]" is expelled from the [[Communist Party of China]].
* [[July 24]] - [[Led Zeppelin]] play their last U.S. concert in Oakland, CA at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. A brawl erupts between Led Zeppelin's crew and promoter [[Bill Graham]]'s staff resulting in criminal assault charges for several of Led Zeppelin's entourage.
* [[July 26]] - [[Robert Plant]] is contacted by his wife and told their son Karac has died, which causes the cancellation of the remainder of Zeppelin's U.S. tour and the band would not re-emerge until [[1979]].
* [[July 28]] - The first oil through the [[Trans-Alaska Pipeline System]] reaches [[Valdez]], [[Alaska]].
* [[July 30]] - Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht[http://www.baader-meinhof.com/who/terrorists/raf/albrechtsusanne.html], Brigitte Mohnhaupt[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte_Mohnhaupt] and a third person assassinate Jürgen Ponto[http://www.dresdner-bank.com/content/03_unternehmen/05_gesellschaftliches_engagement/02_ponto_stiftung/], chairman of the [[Dresdner Bank]] in [[Oberursel]], [[West Germany]].


===August===
==External links==
{{MonthR_31_Mo|August}}
* [[August 3]] - [[United States Senate]] hearings on [[MKULTRA]] are held.
* August 3 - The [[Tandy Corporation]] [[TRS-80]] Model I computer is announced at a press conference.
* [[August 4]] - U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]] signs legislation creating the [[United States Department of Energy]].
* [[August 10]] - [[David Berkowitz]] is captured in [[Yonkers]], [[New York]], after over a year of murders in [[New York City]] as the [[Son Of Sam]].
* [[August 12]] - The [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] makes its first test flight off the back of a jetliner.
* [[August 15]] - [[The Big Ear]], a [[radio telescope]] operated by The [[Ohio State University]] as part of the [[SETI]] project, receives a radio signal from deep space; the event is named the [[wow signal|"WOW!" signal]] for a notation made by a volunteer on the project.
*August 15 - [[Herbert Kappler]] evades from the [[Caelian Hill]] military hospital in [[Rome]].
* [[August 16]] - Music icon [[Elvis Presley]] dies in [[Memphis, Tennessee]].
* [[August 20]] - [[Voyager program]]: The [[United States]] launches the [[Voyager 2]] spacecraft.


*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)]
===September===
*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
{{MonthR_30_Th|September}}
*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations]
* [[September 3]] - The [[Commodore PET]] computer is first sold.
* [[September]] - The Circle City Corvette Club of Indianapolis, IN was formed.
* [[September 5]] - [[Voyager program]]: [[Voyager 1]] is launched after a brief delay.
* [[September 5]] - [[German Autumn]]: Employers Association President [[Hanns-Martin Schleyer]] is kidnapped in [[Cologne]], [[West Germany]]. The kidnappers kill 3 escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand the release of [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF) prisoners.
* [[September 6]] - [[Steve Biko]] suffers a massive head injury in police custody in [[South Africa]].
* [[September 7]] - Treaties between [[Panama]] and the [[United States]] on the status of the [[Panama Canal]] are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
* [[September 8]] - [[INTERPOL]] issues a resolution against the piracy of video tapes and other material, which is still cited in warnings on opening pre-credits of videocassettes and DVDs today.
* [[September 10]] - [[Hamida Djandoubi]]'s is the last [[guillotine]] execution in France.
* [[September 11]] - The last "wild" [[smallpox]] infection is reported in [[Somalia]].
* [[September 12]] - South African activist [[Steven Biko]] was murdered by South African secret police
* [[September 16]] - [[Talking Heads]]' debut album ''[[Talking Heads: 77]]'' is released.
* [[September 21]] - A nuclear non-proliferation pact is signed by 15 countries, including the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[September 28]] - The [[Porsche 928]] debuts at the Geneva Auto Convention.

===October===
{{MonthR_31_Sa|October}}
* [[October 1]] - [[Pelé]] plays his final professional football game as a member of the [[New York Cosmos]].
* [[October 13]] - [[German Autumn]]: Four [[Palestinian]]s hijack a [[Lufthansa Airlines]] flight to [[Somalia]] and demand release of 11 [[Red Army Faction]] members (see [[Lufthansa Flight 181]]).
* [[October 14]]-[[David Bowie]] releases his album: [["Heroes"]].
* [[October 17]]-[[October 18]] - [[German Autumn]]: [[GSG 9]] troopers storm a hijacked [[Lufthansa]] passenger plane in [[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]]; 3 of the 4 hijackers die.; The Lynyrd Skynyrd album [[Street Survivors]] is released, three days before the fatal plane crash that killed 3 members.
* [[October 18]] - [[German Autumn]]: [[Red Army Faction]] members [[Andreas Baader]], [[Jan-Carl Raspe]] and [[Gudrun Ensslin]] commit suicide in Stammheim prison; [[Irmgard Möller]] fails (their supporters still claim they were murdered). They are buried [[October 27]].
* [[October 18]] - [[Reggie Jackson]] blasts 3 home runs to lead the [[New York Yankees]] to [[World Series]] victory.
* [[October 19]] - [[German Autumn]]: Kidnapped industrialist [[Hanns-Martin Schleyer]] is found killed in [[Mulhouse]], [[France]].
* [[October 20]] - Three members of the rock band [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] die in a charter plane crash outside [[Gillsburg, Mississippi]].
* [[October 21]] - The [[European Patent Institute]] is founded.
* [[October 26]] - The last natural [[smallpox]] case is discovered in Merca district, [[Somalia]]. The [[WHO]] and the [[CDC]] consider this date the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of [[vaccination]] and, by extension, of modern science.
* [[October 28]] - [[Hong Kong]] police forces attack the [[ICAC]] headquarters.
* [[October 28]] - ''[[Never Mind The Bollocks Here's The Sex Pistols]]'' is released in the [[United Kingdom]].

===November===
{{MonthR_30_Tu|November}}
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* [[November 1]] - [[2060 Chiron]], first of the outer [[solar system]] [[asteroid]]s known as [[Centaur (planetoid)|Centaur]]s, is discovered by [[Charlie Kowal]].
* [[November 1]] - Mike Wunderlich is born.
* [[November 2]] - The worst storm in [[Athens]]' modern history causes havoc across the Greek capital and kills 38 people.
* [[November 6]] - The [[Kelly Barnes Dam]], located above [[Toccoa Falls Bible College]] near [[Toccoa, Georgia]] fails, killing 39.
* [[November 10]] - ''[[Never Mind The Bollocks Here's The Sex Pistols]]'' is released in the [[United States]].
* [[November 19]] - [[Egypt]]ian President [[Anwar Sadat]] becomes the first [[Arab]] leader to officially visit [[Israel]], when he meets with Israeli Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]] and speaks before the [[Knesset]] in [[Jerusalem]], seeking a permanent peace settlement (much of the Arab world is outraged by the visit).
* [[November 22]] - [[British Airways]] inaugurates regular [[London]] to [[New York City]] supersonic [[Concorde]] service.

===December===
{{MonthR_31_Th|December}}
* [[December 1]] - First flight of [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]]'s top-secret [[stealth aircraft]] project designated [[Have Blue]], precursor to the U.S. [[F-117A Nighthawk]].
* [[December 4]] - [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]], president of the [[Central African Republic]], crowns himself Emperor.
* [[December 4]] - [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 653]] is hijacked and crashed in [[Tanjung Kupang]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]], killing all the 100 passengers and crew aboard the flight.

===Undated===

*[[Color TV Game|Color TV Game 6]] is created by [[Nintendo]].
*[[Portugal]]'s [[Iberian naming customs|traditional naming conventions]] change such that children's surnames can come from either the mother or the father, not just from the father.
*[[Chiara Lubich]] is awarded the [[Templeton Prize]].
*[[Soviet National Anthem]]'s lyrics are returned after a 24 year period, with [[Stalin's]] name omitted.
*[[Australian]] rock group [[INXS]] is formed.
===Ongoing===
* [[Cold War]]

== Births ==
{{Year in other calendars|Japanese=[[Shōwa]] 52}}

===January-February===
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* [[January 2]] - [[Ales Pisa]], Czech ice hockey player
* [[January 3]] - [[Mayumi Iizuka]], Japanese voice actress (seiyū)
* [[January 7]] - [[Michelle Behennah]], British model
* [[January 7]] - [[John Gidding]], American actor and architect
* [[January 7]] - [[Dustin Diamond]], American actor
* [[January 8]] - [[Amber Benson]], American actress
* [[January 11]] - [[Nadia Turner]], American singer
* [[January 13]] - [[Orlando Bloom]], British actor
* [[January 18]] - [[Curtis Cregan]], American actor
* [[January 22]] - [[Hidetoshi Nakata]], Japanese footballer
* [[January 26]] - [[Vince Carter]], American basketball player
* [[January 28]] - [[Lyle Overbay]], American baseball player
* [[January 28]] - [[Daunte Culpepper]], American football player
* [[January 28]] - [[Joey Fatone]], American musician
* [[January 31]] - [[Mark Dutiaume]], Canadian hockey player

* [[February 2]] - [[Gavin DeGraw]], American musician
* [[February 2]] - [[Shakira]], Colombian musician
* [[February 3]] - [[Daddy Yankee]], Puerto Rican musician
* [[February 5]] - [[Ben Ainslie]], British sailor
* [[February 7]] - [[Paul Comrie]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[February 8]] - [[Bridgette Kerkove]], American actress
* [[February 8]] - [[Yucef Merhi]], Venezuelan artist
* [[February 8]] - [[Barry Hall]], Australian rules footballer
* [[February 11]] - [[Randy Moss]], American football player
* [[February 11]] - [[Mike Shinoda]], American musician
* [[February 16]] - [[Ian Clarke]], Irish computer scientist
* [[February 18]] - [[Sean Watkins]], American guitarist and songwriter
* [[February 19]] - [[Gianluca Zambrotta]], Italian footballer
* [[February 20]] - [[Stephon Marbury]], American basketball player
* [[February 21]] - [[Kevin Rose]], American television host
* [[February 23]] - [[Kristina Šmigun]], Estonian skier
* [[February 27]] - [[Ji Sung]], South Korean actor

===March-April===
* [[March 1]] - [[Rens Blom]], Dutch athlete
* [[March 2]] - [[Chris Martin]], British musician ([[Coldplay]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Heather McComb]], American actress
* [[March 3]] - [[Ronan Keating]], Irish singer
* [[March 4]] - [[Ana Guevara]], Mexican track and field athlete
* [[March 4]] - [[Daniel Klewer]], German footballer
* [[March 4]] - [[Jason Marsalis]], American jazz musician
* [[March 4]] - [[Sabrina Sabrok]], Argentine-Mexican model, television actress and singer
* [[March 4]] - [[Russell Taylor]], British cartoonist
* [[March 5]] - [[Wally Szczerbiak]], Spanish-born basketball player
* [[March 6]] - [[Keith O'Neill]], Irish-born rugby impersonator
* [[March 7]] - [[Mitja Zastrow]], German-born swimmer
* [[March 8]] - [[James Van Der Beek]], American actor
* [[March 10]] - [[Bree Turner]], American dancer and actress
* [[March 10]] - [[Colin Murray]], British radio disc jockey
* [[March 11]] - [[Becky Hammon]], American basketball player
* [[March 11]] - [[Jason Greeley]], Canadian singer
* [[March 15]] - [[Joe Hahn]], American DJ ([[Linkin Park]])
* [[March 16]] - [[Ben Kenney]], bassist of the American alternative rock band [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]]
* [[March 18]] - [[Zdeno Chara]], Czechoslovakian (now [[Slovakia]]) hockey player
* [[March 24]] - [[Darren Lockyer]], Australian rugby league player
* [[March 27]] - [[Vitor Meira]], Brazilian race car driver
* [[March 27]] - [[Roger Velasco]], American actor

* [[April 9]] - [[Gerard Way]], American singer ([[My Chemical Romance]])
* [[April 14]] - [[Sarah Michelle Gellar]], American actress
* [[April 14]] - [[Chandra Levy]], American federal government intern (d. [[2001]])
* [[April 16]] - [[Fredrik Ljungberg]], Swedish footballer
* [[April 21]] - [[Jamie Salé]], Canadian figure skater
* [[April 23]] - [[Mariusz Pudzianowski]], Polish strongman
* [[April 23]] - [[Andruw Jones]], Antillean baseball player
* [[April 23]] - [[John Cena]], American professional wrestler, actor and singer
* [[April 24]] - [[Carlos Beltrán]], Puerto Rican baseball player
* [[April 24]] - [[Siarhiej Bałachonaŭ]], Belarusian writer
* [[April 26]] - [[Jason Earles]], American actor
* [[April 26]] - [[Tom Welling]], American actor

===May-June===
* [[May 5]] - [[Choi Kang-hee]], South Korean actress
* [[May 9]] - [[Choi Jeong-yoon]], South Korean actress
* [[May 10]] - [[Nick Heidfeld]], German race car driver
* [[May 11]] - [[Victor Matfield]], South African rugby player
* [[May 12]] - [[Graeme Dott]], Scottish snooker player
* [[May 12]] - [[Rebecca Herbst]], American actress
* [[May 13]] - [[Samantha Morton]], British actress
* [[May 14]] - [[Roy Halladay]], American baseball player
* [[May 14]] - [[Ada Nicodemou]], Australian actress
* [[May 23]] - [[Ilia Kulik]], Russian figure skater
* [[May 26]] - [[Misaki Ito]], Japanese actress
* [[May 26]] - [[Luca Toni]], Italian footballer
* [[May 27]] - [[Abderrahmane Hammad]], Algerian athlete
* [[May 27]] - [[Tommie van der Leegte]], Dutch soccer player
* [[May 28]] - [[Elisabeth Hasselbeck]], American talkshow host
* [[May 30]] - [[Rachael Stirling]], British actress
* [[May 31]] - [[Joel Ross]], British disc jockey
* [[May 31]] - [[Debbie King]], British television presenter

* [[June 1]] - [[Danielle Harris]], American voice actress
* [[June 7]] - [[Marcin Baszczyński]], Polish footballer
* [[June 8]] - [[Kanye West]], American rapper and record producer
* [[June 9]] - [[Roopa Mishra]], Indian civil servant
* [[June 9]] - [[Peja Stojakovic]], Serbian basketball player
* [[June 13]] - [[Selwyn Ward]], American actor
* [[June 14]] - [[Chris McAlister]], American football player
* [[June 16]] - [[Kerry Wood (baseball player)|Kerry Wood]], baseball player
* [[June 19]] - [[Peter Warrick]], American football player
* [[June 20]] - [[Aaron Moule]], Australian rugby league player
* [[June 21]] - [[Jochen Hecht]], German ice hockey player
* [[June 23]] - [[Jason Mraz]], American singer-songwriter
* [[June 27]] - [[Raúl González Blanco|Raúl]], Spanish footballer
* [[June 27]] - [[Arkadiusz Radomski]], Polish footballer

===July-August===
* [[July 1]] - [[Jarome Iginla]], Canadian hockey player
* [[July 1]] - [[Liv Tyler]], American actress
* [[July 8]] - [[Milo Ventimiglia]], American actor
* [[July 8]] - [[Wang Zhizhi]], Chinese basketball player
* [[July 11]] - [[Edward Moss (impersonator)|Edward Moss]], American impersonator
* [[July 12]] - [[Airin Older]], American musician
* [[July 14]] - [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden]]
* [[July 15]] - [[Ray Toro]], American guitarist ([[My Chemical Romance]])
* [[July 17]] - [[M.I.A.]], English musician
* [[July 18]] - [[David Straitjacket]], English stunt performer
* [[July 18]] - [[Alfian bin Sa'at]], Singaporean writer, poet and playwright
* [[July 19]] - [[Jean-Sébastien Aubin]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[July 23]] - [[M. Haroon Abbas Qamar]], Pakistani journalist, software engineer, and broadcaster
* [[July 24]] - [[Mehdi Mahdavikia]], Iranian football player
* [[July 26]] - [[Rebecca St James]], Australian-born musician
* [[July 27]] - [[Martha Anne Madison]], American actress
* [[July 28]] - [[Emanuel Ginóbili]], Argentine basketball player
* [[July 30]] - [[Ian Watkins (Lostprophets)|Ian Watkins]], lead singer in rock band Lostprophets
* [[July 31]] - [[Tim Couch]], American football player

* [[August 2]] - [[Dave Farrel]], American musician
* [[August 2]] - [[Edward Furlong]], American actor
* [[August 3]] - [[Angela Beesley]], British Internet entrepreneur
* [[August 3]] - [[Tom Brady]], American football player
* [[August 9]] - [[Chamique Holdsclaw]], American basketball player
* [[August 10]] - [[Danny Griffin]], Irish footballer
* [[August 12]] - [[Plaxico Burress]], American football player
* [[August 13]] - [[Michael Klim]], Australian swimmer
* [[August 15]] - [[Nicole Paggi]], American actress
* [[August 15]] - [[Martin Biron]], Canadian hockey player
* [[August 15]] - [[Igor Cassina]], Italian gymnast
* [[August 17]] - [[Thierry Henry]], French footballer
* [[August 17]] - [[Tarja Turunen]], Finnish singer
* [[August 20]] - [[Henning Stensrud]], Norwegian ski jumper
* [[August 25]] - [[Jonathan Togo]], American actor
* [[August 26]] - [[Morris Peterson]], American basketball player
* [[August 27]] - [[Deco]], Portuguese footballer
* [[August 30]] - [[Shaun Alexander]], American football player
* [[August 30]] - [[Jens Ludwig]], German guitarist
* [[August 30]] - [[Kamil Kosowski]], Polish footballer
* [[August 31]] - [[Jeff Hardy]], American professional wrestler

===September-October===
* [[September 1]] - [[Aaron Schobel]], American football player
* [[September 7]] - [[Abdul Vahid Alnuhasi]],Writer,Consultant,born in Chamakkala,Kerala,India
* [[September 11]] - [[Ludacris]], American rapper
* [[September 13]] - [[Fiona Apple]], American musician
* [[September 15]] - [[Angela Aki]], Japanese singer and songwriter
* [[September 20]] - [[Namie Amuro]], Japanese singer
* [[September 22]] - [[Paul Sculthorpe]], English rugby league player
* [[September 22]] - [[Yoo Chae-yeong]], South Korean singer and actress
* [[September 23]] - [[Matthieu Descoteaux]], Canadian ice hockey player
* [[September 27]] - [[Andrus Värnik]], Estonian javelin thrower
* [[September 28]] - [[Se Ri Pak]], South Korean golfer
* [[September 30]] - [[Roy Carroll]], Irish footballer

* [[October 7]] - [[Meighan Desmond]], New Zealand actress
* [[October 11]] - [[Claudia Palacios]], Colombian journalist and newsreader
* [[October 12]] - [[Bode Miller]], American skiier
* [[October 14]] - [[Bianca Beauchamp]], Canadian latex model
* [[October 14]] - [[Kelly Schumacher]], Canadian basketball player
* [[October 16]] - [[John Mayer (musician)|John Mayer]], American musician
* [[October 18]] - [[Ryan Nelsen]], New Zealand footballer
* [[October 18]] - [[Paul Stalteri]], Canadian footballer
* [[October 24]] - [[Timothy M. Sullivan]], Boston interior designer
* [[October 24]] - [[Canan A. Utine]], Turkish ophthalmologist
* [[October 25]] - [[Birgit Prinz]], German footballer
* [[October 26]] - [[Jon Heder]], American actor
* [[October 26]] - [[Louis Crayton]], Swiss/Liberian footballer
* [[October 29]] - [[Brendan Fehr]], Canadian actor

===November-December===
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* [[November 1]] - [[Alistair Griffin]], British singer and songwriter
* [[November 1]] - [[Mike Wunderlich]], American guy
* [[November 2]] - [[Randy Harrison]], American actor
* [[November 3]] - [[Aria Giovanni]], American model and actress
* [[November 5]] - [[Brittney Skye]], American actress
* [[November 6]] - [[Patrícia Tavares]], Portuguese actress
* [[November 10]] - [[Brittany Murphy]], American actress
* [[November 13]] - [[Chanel Cole]], New Zealand-born singer
* [[November 14]] - [[Obie Trice]], American rapper
* [[November 16]] - [[Oksana Baiul]], Ukrainian figure skater
* [[November 17]] - [[Ryk Neethling]], South African swimmer
* [[November 18]] - [[Trent Barrett]], Australian rugby league player
* [[November 19]] - [[Kerri Strug]], American gymnast
* [[November 21]] - [[Jonas Jennings]], American football player
* [[November 22]] - [[Michael Preston (footballer)|Michael Preston]], English footballer
* [[November 24]] - [[Colin Hanks]], American actor
* [[November 26]] - [[Ivan Basso]], Italian cyclist
* [[November 27]] - [[Mika Tan]], adult film actress
* [[November 28]] - [[DeMya Walker]], American basketball player

* [[December 3]] - [[Adam Małysz]], Polish ski jumper
* [[December 6]] - [[Paul McVeigh]], Irish footballer
* [[December 7]] - [[Fernando Vargas]], American boxer
* [[December 8]] - [[Ryan Newman]], American race car driver
* [[December 10]] - [[Emmanuelle Chriqui]], Canadian actress
* [[December 11]] - [[Peter Stringer]], Irish rugby union player
* [[December 12]] - [[Nicole, Erica and Jaclyn Dahm|Dahm triplets]], American models
* [[December 13]] - [[Ahmed al-Nami]], Saudi Arabian hijacker (d. [[2001]])
* [[December 14]] - [[KaDee Strickland]], American actress
* [[December 14]] - [[Jamie Peacock]], English rugby league player
* [[December 16]] - [[Kevin Gillespie]], American comic book artist
* [[December 23]] - [[Alge Crumpler]], American football player
* [[December 27]] - [[Sam Talbot]], American chef
* [[December 29]] - [[Laveranues Coles]], American football player
* [[December 30]] - [[Laila Ali]], American boxer
* [[December 30]] - [[Scott Lucas (footballer)|Scott Lucas]], Australian rules footballer
* [[December 30]] - [[Kenyon Martin]], American basketball player

== Deaths ==
===January - March===
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* [[January 2]] - [[Errol Garner]], American musician (b. [[1921]])
* [[January 14]] - [[Anthony Eden]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1897]])
* [[January 14]] - [[Peter Finch]], English-born actor (b. [[1916]])
* [[January 14]] - [[Anais Nin|Anaïs Nin]], French author (b. [[1903]])
* [[January 17]] - [[Gary Gilmore]], American murderer (executed) (b. [[1940]])
* [[January 18]] - [[Džemal Bijedić]], [[SFR Yugoslavia|Yugoslavian]] [[Prime Minister]] (b. [[1917]])
* [[January 19]] - [[Yvonne Printemps]], French singer and actress (b. [[1895]])
* [[January 21]] - [[Sandro Penna]], Italian poet (b. [[1906]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Toots Shor]], New York restaurateur (b. [[1903]])
* [[January 29]] - [[Buster Nupen]], South African cricketer (b. [[1902]])
* [[January 29]] - [[Freddie Prinze]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1954]])

* [[February 4]] - [[Brett Halliday]], American writer (b. [[1904]])
* [[February 11]] - [[Louis Beel]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (b. [[1902]])
* [[February 16]] - [[Rózsa Péter]], Hungarian mathematician (b. [[1905]])
* [[February 19]] - [[Anthony Crosland]], British author and politician (b. [[1918]])
* [[February 27]] - [[Allison Hayes]], American actress (b. [[1930]])
* [[February 28]] - [[Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson]], American actor (b. [[1905]])

* [[March 4]] - [[Andrés Caicedo]], Colombian writer (b. [[1951]])
* [[March 5]] - [[Tom Pryce]], British Formula race car driver (b. [[1949]])
* [[March 11]] - [[Ulysses S. Grant IV]], American geologist and paleontologist (b. [[1893]])
* [[March 16]] - [[Kamal Jumblatt]], leader of the Lebanese Druze (b. [[1917]])
* [[March 18]] - [[Marien Ngouabi]], President of The Republic of the Congo (assassinated) (b. [[1938]])
* [[March 22]] - [[A.K. Gopalan]], Indian communist leader (b. [[1904]])
* [[March 26]] - [[Madeleine Dring]], British composer and actress (b. [[1923]])
* [[March 29]] - [[Charles Nicoletti]], American gangster (b. [[1916]])
* [[March 30]] - [[Abdel Halim Hafez]], Egyptian singer and actor (b. [[1929]])

===April - June===
* [[April 17]] - [[William Cardinal Conway]], Northern Irish clergyman (b. [[1913]])
* [[April 20]] - [[Sepp Herberger]], German soccer coach (b. [[1897]])
* [[April 21]] - [[Gummo Marx]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1892]])

* [[May 5]] - [[Ludwig Erhard]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (b. [[1897]])
* [[May 9]] - [[James Jones (author)|James Jones]], American writer (b. [[1921]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Joan Crawford]], American actress (b. [[1905]])

* [[June 2]] - [[Stephen Boyd]], Northern Irish actor (b. [[1931]])
* [[June 3]] - [[Archibald Vivian Hill]], English physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1886]])
* [[June 16]] - [[Wernher von Braun]], German-born rocket scientist (b. [[1912]])
* [[June 19]] - [[Olave Baden-Powell|Lady Olave Baden-Powell]], English Chief Girl Guide (b. [[1889]])
* [[June 19]] - [[Ali Shariati]], Iranian sociologist (b. [[1933]])

===July - September===
* [[July 2]] - [[Vladimir Nabokov]], Russian-born writer (b. [[1899]])
* [[July 9]] - [[Alice Paul]], American women's rights activist (b. [[1885]])
* [[July 13]] - [[Carl Gustav von Rosen]], Swedish pilot (b. [[1909]])
* [[July 23]] - [[Arsenio Erico]], Paraguayan footballer (b. [[1915]])

* [[August 3]] - [[Makarios III]], [[List of Archbishops of Cyprus|Cypriot Archbishop]] and first [[President of Cyprus]] (b. [[1913]])
*[[August 4]] - [[Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian]], English physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1889]])
* [[August 14]] - [[Ron Haydock]], American actor, writer, and musician (b. [[1940]])
* [[August 16]] - [[Elvis Presley]], American singer and actor (b. [[1935]])
* [[August 19]] - [[Groucho Marx]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1890]])

* [[September 1]] - [[Ethel Waters]], American singer (b. [[1896]])
* [[September 6]] - [[John Edensor Littlewood]], British mathematician (b. [[1885]])
* [[September 8]] - [[Zero Mostel]], American film and stage actor (b. [[1915]])
* [[September 12]] - [[Steve Biko]], South African activist (b. [[1946]])
* [[September 13]] - [[Leopold Stokowski]], English conductor (b. [[1882]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Marc Bolan]], English musician (b. [[1947]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Maria Callas]], American-born soprano (b. [[1923]])

===October - December===
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* [[October 14]] - [[Bing Crosby]], American singer and actor (b. [[1903]])
* [[October 20]] - Members of the American rock group [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]] killed in a plane crash:
**[[Cassie Gaines]] (b. [[1948]])
**[[Steve Gaines]] (b. [[1949]])
**[[Ronnie Van Zant]] (b. [[1948]])
* [[October 27]] - [[Tony Hulman]], American businessman and racetrack owner (b. [[1901]])

* [[November 5]] - [[René Goscinny]], French comic book writer (b. [[1926]])
* [[November 8]] - [[Bucky Harris]], baseball player (b. [[1896]])
* [[November 11]] - [[Greta Keller]], Austrian-born singer and actress (b. [[1903]])
* [[November 14]] - [[Ferdinand Heim]], World War II German general, branded the "Scapegoat of [[Stalingrad]]" (b. [[1897]])
* [[November 15]] - [[Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois|Princess Charlotte of Monaco]] (b. [[1898]])
* [[November 25]] - [[Tommy Prince]], Canadian war hero (b. [[1915]])
* [[December 15]] - [[Wilfred Kitching]], General of The Salvation Army (b. [[1893]])
* [[December 19]] - [[Jacques Tourneur]], French director (b. [[1904]])
* [[December 24]] - [[Samael Aun Weor]], Columbian writer (b. [[1917]])
* [[December 25]] - [[Charlie Chaplin]], English-born comedian (b. [[1889]])

==Ship events==
* [[List of ship launches in 1977]]
* [[List of ship commissionings in 1977]]
* [[List of ship decommissionings in 1977]]

==Nobel prizes==
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] - [[Philip Warren Anderson]], [[Sir Nevill Francis Mott]], [[John Hasbrouck van Vleck]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] - [[Ilya Prigogine]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] - [[Roger Guillemin]], [[Andrew V. Schally]], [[Rosalyn Yalow]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] - [[Vicente Aleixandre]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] - [[Amnesty International]]
* [[Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel|Economics]] - [[Bertil Ohlin]], [[James Meade]]

== See also ==
* [[1977 in United States history]].

==Notes==
<references/>
{{commonscat}}

==External links==
==Table of contents==
__TOC__


[[Category:1977| ]]
[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]


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Revision as of 01:07, 19 June 2007

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art
La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux.

Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.

He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.

Sculptures by Carpeaux

Neapolitan Fisherboy

Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.

Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.

Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.

External links

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