Jack and the Beanstalk and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages

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Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.

He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.

Sculptures by Carpeaux

Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
Girl with Shell
Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes

Neapolitan Fisherboy

Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.

Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.

Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.

External links

A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations

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+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
-{{dablink|"Beanstalk" redirects here. For the stem of a bean plant see [[bean]]. For the cable into space see [[Space Elevator]]. For the [[Abbott and Costello]] film, see [[Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)]].}}
+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]]
+{{Commonscat}}
+'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
-[[Image:Jack and the Beanstalk Giant - Project Gutenberg eText 17034.jpg|thumb|''"Fee-fi-fo-fum, I smell the blood of an Englishman."''<br>Illustration by [[Arthur Rackham]] from a 1918 ''English Fairy Tales'', by [[Flora Annie Steel]]]]
+He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
-'''''Jack and the Beanstalk''''' is an [[England|English]] [[fairy tale]], closely associated with the tale of ''[[Jack the Giant Killer]]''. It is known under a number of versions.  Benjamin Tabart recorded the oldest known one in 1807, but [[Joseph Jacobs]] popularized it in ''English Fairy Tales'' (1890)<ref>Joseph Jacobs, "[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/jackbeanstalk/index.html Jack and the Beanstalk]", ''English Fairy Tales''</ref>.  Jacobs's version is most commonly reprinted today and is believed to more closely adhere to the oral versions than Tabart's, because it lacks the moralizing of that version.<ref>Maria Tatar, p 132, ''The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales'', ISBN 0-393-05163-3</ref> The story was made into a play by [[Charles Ludlam]].
-== Plot synopsis ==
+== Sculptures by Carpeaux ==
+* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]]
-Jack was a poor boy whose lack of common sense often drove his [[widow]]ed mother to despair. One day she sent him to the market to sell their last and only possession, a cow. But along the way, Jack met a stranger who offered to trade it for five "[[Magic (fantasy)|magic]] [[beans]]." Thrilled at the prospect of owning magic beans, Jack made the deal without hesitation. Alas, his mother turned out to be less than thrilled when he arrived back home. She threw the beans straight out of the window and sent Jack to bed without [[dinner]].
+* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]])
-Overnight however, the [[seeds]] grew into a gigantic beanstalk. It reached so far into the heavens, the top went completely out of sight. Eager as the young [[boy]] was, Jack immediately decided to climb the [[plant]] and arrived in a land high up in the [[clouds]], the home of the [[Giant (mythology)|giant]]. When he broke into the giant's [[castle]], the giant quickly sensed a human was near:
+* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]]
+* Girl with Shell
+* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]]
+==Neapolitan Fisherboy==
-:''Fee! Fie! Foe! Fum!''
-:''I smell the blood of an Englishman.''
-:''Be he 'live, or be he dead,''
-:''I'll grind his bones to make my bread.''
+Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]]
-However, Jack was saved by the [[giant (mythology)|giant]]'s wife, and as he escaped from the [[palace]], he took some gold [[coins]] with him. Back home, the boy and his mother celebrated their newfound fortune. But their luck did not last, and Jack climbed the beanstalk once more.
-This time he stole a [[Golden egg laying bird|hen which laid golden eggs]]. Again he was saved by the giant's wife. He went down the ladder and showed the [[chicken]] to his mother, and the two lived happily on the proceedings from the hen's eggs.
+Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
-Eventually, Jack grew bored and resolved to climb the beanstalk a [[Rule of three (writing)|third]] time. This time, he stole a magical [[harp]] that sang by itself. The instrument did not appreciate being stolen and called out to the giant for help. The giant chased Jack down the beanstalk, but luckily the boy got to the ground before the giant did. Jack immediately chopped it down with an axe. The giant fell to earth, hitting the ground so hard that it split, pulling the beanstalk down with him.
+Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition.  The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]].
-== Origins ==
-The origin of ''Jack and the Beanstalk'' is unknown, although the author was almost certainly [[United Kingdom|British]] or German.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} The earliest printed edition which has survived is the [[1807]] book ''The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk'', printed by [[Benjamin Tabart]], although the story was already in existence sometime before this, as a [[Burlesque (genre)|burlesque]] of the story entitled ''The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean'' was included in the [[1734]] second edition of ''Round About Our Coal-Fire''.
+==External links==
-In the usual version of the tale, the giant is unnamed, but many plays based on the story name him as '''Blunderbore'''; a giant of that name also appears in ''[[Jack the Giant-Killer]]''.
+*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)]
-The beanstalk is reminiscent of the ancient Saxon belief in a [[World tree]] connecting earth to heaven.
+*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
+*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations]
+[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
-The giant's "Fee! Fie! Foe! Fum!" was included in [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[King Lear]]''.<ref>Maria Tatar, p 136, ''The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales'', ISBN 0-393-05163-3</ref>
+[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
+[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
-==Variants==
-Other tales of this type include the Italian ''[[Thirteenth (fairy tale)|Thirteenth]]'' and the Greek ''[[How the Dragon was Tricked]]''.
-The [[Brothers Grimm]] drew analogies between this tale and the German ''[[The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs]]'', where the devil's mother or grandmother acted much like the wife in this tale:  a female figure protecting the child from the evil male figure.<ref>Jacob and Wilheim Grimm, ''Grimm's Fairy Tales'', [http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/grimms/29devilgoldhairs.html "The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs"]</ref>
-The tale is unusual in that the hero, although grown, does not marry at the end of it but returns to his mother; this is found in few other tales, although some, such as some variants of ''[[Vasilissa the Beautiful]]'', do feature it.<ref>Maria Tatar, ''Off with Their Heads!'' p. 199 ISBN 0-691-06943-3</ref>
-One of the many retellings of the tale appears in ''[[A Book of Giants]]'' and ''[[A Choice of Magic]]'' by [[Ruth Manning-Sanders]].
-==Controversies==
-The story portrays a hero unscrupulously hiding in a man's house, playing on his wife's sympathies in order to rob and finally murder the owner of the house.  In Tabart's version, a fairy woman explains to Jack that the giant had robbed and killed his father, thus transforming the acts into justice.<ref>Maria Tatar, ''Off with Their Heads!'' p. 198 ISBN 0-691-06943-3</ref>
-Jacobs dropped the justification on the grounds that it had not been in the version he had heard as a child, and because children knew that robbery and murder were wrong without being told so by a fairy tale.<ref>Joseph Jacobs, ''English Fairy Tales'', [http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs/english/jackbeanstalk.html Notes to "Jack and the Beanstalk"]</ref>
-Many modern interpretations have followed Tabart and painted the giant as a villain, terrorizing smaller folk and often stealing items of value, so that Jack becomes a legitimate protagonist. For example, the [[Jack and the Beanstalk (1952 film)|1952 film]] starring [[Abbott and Costello]] blames the giant for Jack's ill fortunes and impoverishment, as he has been stealing food and wealth from the smaller folk of the lands below his home, including the hen that lays golden eggs, which in this version originally belonged to Jack's family. In other versions it is implied that the giant had stolen the hen and the harp from Jack's father. And since Jack's father neither appears in the story nor is he mentioned, it is often speculated that the giant murdered him. And thus, Jack's killing the giant is not only self-defense, but also an act of divine vengeance.
-==Psychoanalytical interpretation==
-In ''The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales'', [[Freud]]ian [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]] [[Bruno Bettelheim]] contends that the story of Jack and the beanstalk symbolizes an adolescent male's "giving up relying on oral satisfaction. . . and replacing them with phallic satisfaction," declaring that Jack's climbing of the beanstalk "symbolizes not only the 'magic' power of the [[phallus]] to rise, but also a boy's feelings connected to [[masturbation]]" because it shows how the boy "fears that his desire to become sexually active amounts to stealing parental powers and prerogatives."
-==Film adaptations==
-[[Walt Disney]] made a short of the same name in 1922, and a separate version entitled ''[[Mickey and the Beanstalk]]'' in [[1947]] as part of ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]].''  This adaptation of the story put [[Mickey Mouse]], [[Donald Duck]] and [[Goofy]] in the role of Jack.  Mickey, Donald and Goofy live in a place called "Happy Valley" which is plagued by a severe drought, and they have nothing to eat except one loaf of bread.  Mickey trades in the cow (which Donald was going to kill for food) for the magic beans.  Donald throws the beans out the window in a fit of rage, and the beanstalk sprouts.  In the magical kingdom, Mickey, Donald and Goofy help themselves to a sumptuous feast.  This rouses the ire of the giant (named "Willy" in this version), who captures Donald and Goofy and locks them in a box with a singing golden [[harp]], and it's up to Mickey to find the keys to unlock the box and rescue them.  The story villainizes the giant by blaming Happy Valley's hard times on Willy's theft of the magic harp, whose song kept the land prosperous; unlike the harp of the original tale, this magic harp ''wants'' to be rescued from the giant, and the hapless heroes return her to her rightful place and Happy Valley to its former glory. This version of the fairy tale was narrated by [[Edgar Bergen]].
-[[Warner Bros.]] adapted the story into three [[Merrie Melodies]] cartoons. [[Friz Freleng]] directed ''[[Jack-Wabbit and the Beanstalk]]'' ([[1943]]), [[Chuck Jones]] directed ''[[Beanstalk Bunny]]'' ([[1955]]), and Freleng directed  ''[[Tweety and the Beanstalk]]'' ([[1957]]).
-[[Gisaburo Sugii]] directed a feature-length [[Japan]]ese [[anime]] telling of the story of Jack and the Beanstalk in [[1974]], titled ''Jack to Mame no Ki''.  The film, a musical, was produced by [[Group TAC]] and released by [[Nippon Herald]].  The writers introduced a few new characters, including Jack's comic-relief dog, Crosby, and Margaret, a beautiful princess engaged to be married to the giant (named "Tulip" in this version) due to a spell being cast over her by the giant's mother (an evil witch).  Jack, however, develops a crush on Margaret, and one of his aims in returning to the magic kingdom is to rescue her.  The film was dubbed into English, with legendary voice talent [[Billie Lou Watt]] voicing Jack, and received a very limited run in U.S. theaters in [[1976]].  It was later released on VHS (now out of print) and aired several times on [[HBO]] in the 1980s.  However, it is now available on DVD with both English and Japanese dialogue.
-==Books==
-''[[Crazy Jack]]'' by [[Donna Jo Napoli]]<br>
-''Jack of Kinrowan'' by Charles de Lint<br>
-''Jack and the Beanstalk'' by E. Nesbit, illustrated by Matt Tavares
-==Other Media==
-In [[Edward Eager]]'s book [[Knight's Castle]], through the use of magic a modern boy named Jack is able to enter a [[toy]] [[castle]] with his sister and cousins.  When he encounters the inhabitants (his toy knight figurine and the girls' dolls who have come to life), upon learning his name they draw back in terror and ask "Not the Giant Killer?"
-The story is the basis of the similarly titled traditional British [[Pantomime]], wherein the Giant is certainly a villain, Jack's mother the Dame and Jack the Principle Boy.
-Jack of Jack and the Beanstalk is the protagonist of the [[comic book]] ''[[Jack of Fables]]'', a spin-off of ''[[Fables (comic)|Fables]]'' which also features other elements from the story such as giant beanstalks and giants living in the clouds.
-DI Jack Spratt of the Nursery Crimes Division from the book ''[[The Big Over Easy]]'' by [[Jasper Fforde]] feels a strange impulse to climb the giant beanstalk that was grown in his mother's yard after she threw out the magic beans he had traded for her [[George Stubbs|Stubbs]] painting of a cow.  He is also thought to be a giant killer though out of the four only one was technically a giant, the others were just very tall.  All the killings were in self-defense.
-[[Roald Dahl]] rewrote the story in a more modern and gruesome way in his book [[Revolting Rhymes]] ([[1982]]).  The story of Jack and the Beanstalk is also featured in Dahl's [[The BFG]], in which the evil giants are all afraid of the "giant-killer" Jack, who is said to kill giants with his fearsome beanstalk.
-[[Peter Combe]] rewrote the story in an upbeat song ('80s '90s?)
-An episode of the [[British Broadcasting Company|BBC]] television series ''[[The Big Knights]]'' retold the story with the show's human protagonists as the "giants" to a race of tiny people living in their garden.
-An episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show'', titled "[[Mario and the Beanstalk]]", does a retelling with [[Bowser]] as the giant (no explanation as to how he becomes a giant).
-''[[Garfield and Friends]]'' parodied the story with a ''[[U.S. Acres]]'' segment titled "Jack II: The Rest of the Story". After Orson reads the original story to them, Booker, Sheldon, Roy, and Wade write up a satirical sequel patching up plot holes they noticed.
-In the ''[[Magic School Bus]]'' episode "Gets Planted", the class put on a school production of ''Jack and the Beanstalk'', Phoebe starring as the beanstalk after [[Ms. Frizzle]] turned her into a bean plant.
-==References==
-<div class="references-small"><references /></div>
-==External links==
-*[http://www.limelightscripts.co.uk Pantomime based on the fairytale of "Jack And The Beanstalk"]
-*[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/jackbeanstalk/index.html "Jack and the Beanstalk" at SurLaLune Fairy Tales] &mdash; Annotated version of the fairy tale.
-*[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/jackbeanstalk/other.html "Jack and the Beanstalk" variants]
-*[http://www.ferrum.edu/applit/bibs/tales/index.htm#Jack Jack tales in Appalachia] &mdash; including "Jack and the Bean Tree"
-*[http://storynory.com/2006/01/31/jack-and-the-beanstalk-part-one/ Children's audio story of Jack and the Beanstalk] at Storynory
-*[http://www.storycardtheater.com/products.html#jack Kamishibai (Japanese storycard) version] &mdash; in English, with downloadable Japanese translation
-*The Disney version of [http://www.disneyshorts.org/years/1922/jackandthebeanstalk.html Jack and the Beanstalk] at [http://www.disneyshorts.org The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts]
-[[Category:Fairy tales]]
-[[Category:English folklore]]
-[[Category:Public domain characters]]
+[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-[[de:Hans und die Bohnenranke]]
+[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-[[fr:Jack et le haricot magique]]
+[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-[[it:Jack e la pianta di fagioli]]
+[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-[[ja:ジャックと豆の木]]
+[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-[[pl:Jaś i magiczna fasola]]
+[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]]