Foster care and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux: Difference between pages

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Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (May 11, 1827, Valenciennes –October 12, 1875, Courbevoie) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under François Rude. Carpeaux won the Prix de Rome in 1854, and moving to Rome to find inspiration, he there studied the works of Michelangelo, Donatello and Verrocchio. Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art. In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde, and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III. He worked at the pavilion of Flora, and the Opéra Garnier. His group La Danse (the Dance, 1869), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.

He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of Asia, Europe, America and Africa, and it was Emmanuel Frémiet who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.

Sculptures by Carpeaux

Ugolin et ses fils - Ugolino and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[[1]] with versions in other museums including the Musée d'Orsay
The Dance (commissioned for the Opera Garnier)
Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - Neapolitan Fisherboy - in the Louvre, Paris [[2]]
Girl with Shell
Antoine Watteau monument, Valenciennes

Neapolitan Fisherboy

Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille, the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the French Academy while a student in Rome. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for Napoleon III's empress, Eugènie. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C.

Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.

Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition. The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to Naples.

External links

A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)
A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French; it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
A page analysing Carpeaux's Ugolino, with numerous illustrations

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+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's marble sculpture 'Ugolino and his Sons', Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
-{{Globalize/North America}}
+[[Image:Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux_La_Danse.jpg|thumb|right|400px|La Danse (The Dance), Opera Garnier in Paris]]
+{{Commonscat}}
+'''Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux''' ([[May 11]], [[1827]], [[Valenciennes]] –[[October 12]], [[1875]], [[Courbevoie]]) was a French sculptor and painter. His early studies were under [[François Rude]]. Carpeaux won the [[Prix de Rome]] in [[1854]], and moving to [[Rome]] to find inspiration, he there studied the works of [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]], [[Donatello]] and [[Andrea del Verrocchio|Verrocchio]]. Staying in Rome from [[1854]] to [[1861]], he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of [[baroque art]]. In [[1861]] he made a bust of [[Mathilde Bonaparte|Princess Mathilde]], and this later brought him several commissions from [[Napoleon III]]. He worked at the pavilion of [[Flora (goddess)|Flora]], and the [[Opéra Garnier]]. His group La Danse (the Dance, [[1869]]), situated on the right side of the façade, was criticised as an offence to common decency.
-'''Foster care''' is a system by which a certified, stand-in "parent(s)" cares for minor [[children]] or young people who have been removed from their biological parents or other custodial adults by state authority. Responsibility for the young person is assumed by the relevant governmental authority and a placement with another family found.  There can be voluntary placements by a parent of a child into foster care.  Foster placements are monitored until the biological family can provide appropriate care or the biological parental rights are terminated and the child is adopted.  A third option, guardianship, is sometimes utilized in certain cases where a child cannot be reunified with their birth family and adoption is not right for them. This generally includes some older foster children who may be strongly bonded to their family of origin and unwilling to pursue adoption. Voluntary foster care may be utilized in circumstances where a parent is unable or unwilling to care for a child. For instance, a child may have behavioral problems requiring specialized treatment or the parent might have a problem which results in a temporary or permanent inability to care for the child(ren). Involuntary foster care may be implemented when a child is removed from their caregiver for his/her own safety. A foster parent receives monetary reimbursement from the placement agency for each child while the child is in his/her home to help cover the cost of meeting the child's needs. The amount of financial assistance typically varies from state to state and even city to city.
+He never managed to finish his last work, the famous Fountain of the Four Parts of the Earth, on the Place Camille Jullian. He did finish the terrestrial globe, supported by the four figures of [[Asia]], [[Europe]], [[North America|America]] and [[Africa]], and it was [[Emmanuel Frémiet]] who completed the work by adding the eight leaping horses, the tortoises and the dolphins of the basin.
-== Requirements ==
-Requirements to be a foster parent vary by jurisdiction, as do monetary reimbursement and other benefits foster families may receive.  Foster care is intended to be a temporary living situation for children and young people. The goal of foster care is to provide support and care for the young person in order that either reunification with parent(s) or other family members or another suitable permanent living arrangement can be facilitated. This may include an adoptive home, guardianship, or placement with a relative. At times, the bond that develops during foster care will lead to the foster parents adopting the child. In some instances, children may be placed in a long-term foster placement. For older adolescents, a foster care program may offer education and resources to prepare for a transition to independent living. That is not to say that older adolescents would not benefit from family placement, however, it is more difficult to recruit foster and adoptive parents for teens due to the stigma that is often attached to adolescents in foster care.
+== Sculptures by Carpeaux ==
-==United States==
-In the [[United States]], foster home licensing requirements vary from state to state but are generally overseen by the state's Department of [[Social Services]] or Human Services.
+* Ugolin et ses fils - [[Ugolino della Gherardesca|Ugolino]] and his Sons (1861, in the permanent collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]])[[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000009025.html]] with versions in other museums including the [[Musée d'Orsay]]
-Children found to be unable to function in a foster home may be placed in Residential Treatment Facilities (RTFs) or other such [[group home]]s. The focus of treatment in such facilities is to prepare the child for a return to a foster home, to an adoptive home, or to the biological parents when applicable.
+* The Dance (commissioned for the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]])
+* Jeune pêcheur à la coquille - [[Naples|Neapolitan]] Fisherboy - in the [[Louvre]], [[Paris]] [[http://www.insecula.com/oeuvre/photo_ME0000034255.html]]
+* Girl with Shell
+* [[Antoine Watteau]] monument, [[Valenciennes]]
+==Neapolitan Fisherboy==
-Nearly half of foster kids in the U.S. become homeless when they turn 18.[http://www.pasadenaweekly.com/article.php?id=3559&IssueNum=25][http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/04/11/MNGPH63KM31.DTL]
+Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of ''Pêcheur napolitain à la coquille'', the Neapolitan Fisherboy, to the [[French Academy]] while a student in [[Rome]]. He carved the marble version several years later, showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863. It was purchased for [[Napoleon III]]'s empress, [[Eugénie de Montijo|Eugènie]]. The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular, and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze. There is a copy, for instance, in the Samuel H. Kress Collection in the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington D.C.]]
-Throughout the 1990s experimental HIV drugs had been tested on HIV foster children at Incarnation Children’s Center (ICC) in Harlem.
-"Since then, ACS has been under fire from charges of inappropriately enrolling as many as
-foster children in HIV clinical trials. The agency has also been accused of racism, some
-comparing the trials to the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, as 98 percent of children in foster
-care in New York City are persons of color." [http://www.indypendent.org/?p=532]
+Some years later, he carved the Girl with a Shell, a very similar study.
-=== Recent United States Foster Care Legislation ===
-On November 19, 1997, President [[Bill Clinton]] signed a new foster care law (The Adoption and Safe Families Act 1997, [http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/laws_policies/policy/pi/pi9802.htm]) which dramatically reduced the time children are allowed to remain in foster care before being available for [[adoption]]. The new law requires state [[child welfare]] agencies to identify cases where "aggravated circumstances" make permanent separation of child from biological family the best option for the safety and well-being of the child.  One of the main components of The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) is the imposition of time limits on reunification efforts.  In the past, it was common for children to languish in care for years with no permanent living situation identified.  They often were moved from placement to placement with no real plan for a permanent home.  ASFA requires that the state identify a permanent plan for children who enter foster care. The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999, AKA The Chafee Program, helps foster youth who are aging out of care to achieve self-sufficiency. The U.S. government has also funded the Education and Training Voucher Program in recent years in order to help youth who age out of care to obtain college or vocational training at a free or reduced cost. Chafee and ETV money is administered by each state as they see fit.
+Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition.  The Neapolitan Fisherboy's body is carved in intimate detail and shows an intricately balanced pose. Carpeaux claimed that he based the Neapolitan Fisherboy on a boy he had seen during a trip to [[Naples]].
-==Canada==
-In [[Canada]], a child may become a [[Crown ward]] and be placed under the care of the provincial government, usually through a local or regional agency known as the [[Children's Aid Society (Canada)|Children's Aid Society]]. If [[the Crown]] does not terminate the parent's rights, then the child will remain a "permanent Crown ward" until they reach eighteen years of age. Crown wards are able to apply for Extended Care through a Society which enables them to receive financial services from the provincial government as long as they remain in school or employed until they are up to twenty-five years of age.
+==External links==
-Many children remain permanent Crown wards and are not adopted as there is no legislation mandating permanency within a specific time period. The amended [[Child and Family Services Act]] provides children and young people with the option of being adopted while still maintaining ties to their families.
+*[http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=rs_display_res&critere=jean+baptiste+carpeaux&operator=AND&nbToDisplay=5&langue=fr A page on the official Louvre site giving access to some of Carpeaux's works (French language only)]
-==Effects of chronic maltreatment and treatment==
+*[http://www.insecula.com/contact/A005511_oeuvre_1.html A page from insecula.com listing more views of Carpeaux's works (also in French;] it may be necessary to close an advertising window to view this page)
-The National Adoption Center found that 52% of adoptable children (meaning those children in U.S. foster care freed for [[adoption]]) had symptoms of [[attachment disorder]].  A study by Dante Cicchetti found that 80% of abused and maltread infants exhibited attachment disorder symptoms (disorganized subtype).<ref name=Carlson, V., Cicchetti, D., Barnett, D., & Bruanwald, K., (1995)>Carlson, V., Cicchetti, D., Barnett, D., & Braunwald, K. (1995).  Finding order in disorganization: Lessons from research on maltreated infants’ attachments to their caregivers.  In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds), Child Maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect  (pp. 135-157).  NY: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name=Cicchetti, D., Cummings, EM, Greengerg, MT, & Marvin, RS. (1990)>Cicchetti, D., Cummings, E.M., Greenberg, M.T., & Marvin, R.S. (1990).  An organizational perspective on attachment beyond infancy.  In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & M. Cummings (Eds), Attachment in the Preschool Years (pp. 3-50).  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>
+*[http://www.studiolo.org/MMA-Ugolino/Ugolino.htm A page analysing Carpeaux's ''Ugolino'', with numerous illustrations]
-Children with histories of maltreatment, such as physical and psychological neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, are at risk of developing severe psychiatric problems.<ref name=Gauthier, Stollak, Messe, & Arnoff, (1996)>Gauthier, L., Stollak, G., Messe, L., & Arnoff, J. (1996).  Recall of childhood neglect and physical abuse as differential predictors of current psychological functioning.  Child Abuse and Neglect 20, 549-559</ref><ref name=Malinosky-Rummell & Hansen, (1993)>Malinosky-Rummell, R. & Hansen, D.J. (1993) Long term consequences of childhood physical abuse.  Psychological Bulletin 114, 68-69</ref>  These children are likely to develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).<ref name=Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, (1999)>Lyons-Ruth K. & Jacobvitz, D. (1999) Attachment disorganization: unresolved loss, relational violence and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies.  In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.)  Handbook of Attachment.  (pp. 520-554).  NY: Guilford Press</ref><ref name=Greenberg, (1999)>Greenberg, M. (1999).  Attachment and Psychopathology in Childhood.  In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.).  Handbook of Attachment (pp.469-496).  NY: Guilford Press</ref>  These children may be described as experiencing trauma-attachment problems.  The trauma experienced is the result of abuse or neglect, inflicted by a primary caregiver, which disrupts the normal development of secure attachment.  Such children are at risk of developing a disorganized attachment.<ref name=Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, (1999)>Lyons-Ruth K. & Jacobvitz, D. (1999) Attachment disorganization: unresolved loss, relational violence and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies.  In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.)  Handbook of Attachment.  (pp. 520-554).  NY: Guilford Press</ref><ref name=Solomon & George, (1999)>Solomon, J. & George, C. (Eds.)  (1999).   Attachment Disorganization.  NY: Guilford Press</ref><ref name=Main & Hesse, (1990)>Main, M. & Hesse, E. (1990) Parents’ Unresolved Traumatic Experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status.  In M.T. Greenberg, D. Ciccehetti, & E.M. Cummings (Eds), Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (pp161-184).  Chicago: University of Chicago Press</ref>  Disorganized attachment is associated with a number of developmental problems, including dissociative symptoms,<ref name=Carlson,E.A. (1988)>Carlson, E.A. (1988).  A prospective longitudinal study of disorganized/disoriented attachment.  Child Development 69, 1107-1128</ref> as well as depressive, anxiety, and acting-out symptoms.<ref name=Lyons-Ruth,K (1996)>Lyons-Ruth, K. (1996).  Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behavior problems: The role of disorganized early attachment patterns.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64, 64-73</ref><ref name=Lyons-Ruth, Alpern, & Pepacholi, (1993)>Lyons-Ruth, K., Alpern, L., & Repacholi, B. (1993).  Disorganized infant attachment classification and maternal psychosocial problems as predictors of hostile-aggressive behavior in the preschool classroom.  Child Development 64, 572-585</ref>
+[[Category:French sculptors|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
-The effects of early chronic maltreatment are seen in varioius domains and the result is [[Complex post-traumatic stress disorder]], which requires a multi-modal approach that directly addresses the underlying causative trauma and which seeks to build healthy and secure relationships with permanent caregivers.  These children require specialized treatment,<ref name="Arthur Becker-Weidman, Ph.D., & Deborah Shell, MA">Becker-Weidman, A., & Shell, D., (Eds.) (2005) [http://woodnbarnes.com/titles/viewTitle.php?titleID=59 ''Creating Capacity For Attachment''], Wood 'N' Barnes, OK. ISBN 1-885473-72-9</ref><ref name="Becker-Weidman, 2006">Becker-Weidman, A., (2006). Treatment for Children with Trauma-Attachment Disorders: Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal.  Vol. 23 #2, April 2006.</ref> such as [[Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy]]
+[[Category:1827 births|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
+[[Category:1875 deaths|Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste]]
+[[de:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-== See also ==
+[[fr:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
+[[nl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-*[[Adoption]]
+[[pl:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-*[[Adoption and Safe Families Act]]
+[[pt:Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux]]
-*[[Attachment theory]]
+[[zh:让-巴蒂斯·卡尔波]]
-*[[Child Welfare]]
-*[[Crown ward]]
-*[[Complex post-traumatic stress disorder]]
-*[[Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy]]
-*[[Elevate (organization)]]
-*[[Reactive attachment disorder]]
-*[[Aging out]]
-== References ==
-* Littlefield, Jamie (2006). [http://www.charityguide.org/volunteer/fewhours/age-out.htm "Help 'Aged-out' Foster Care Teens Become Productive Adults"] Retrieved Jun. 27, 2006.
-* Hurley, Kendra (2002). [http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/125/fostercare.html "Almost Home"] Retrieved Jun. 27, 2006.
-* Charity Guide (2006). [http://www.charityguide.org/volunteer/fewhours/foster-children.htm "Collect Suitcases for Foster Care Children"] Retrieved July 7, 2006.
-<references/>
-Carlson, E.A. (1998). A prospective longitudinal study of disorganized/disoriented attachment. Child Development 69, 1107-1128
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.aican.org/ AICAN - Australian Intercountry Adoption Network]
-* [http://www.fosterclub.com FosterClub] The national network for young people in foster care.
-* [http://www.afterfostercare.ca/subway.html Too many stops] Audio documentary documenting former foster child's life story. Aired on [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] Radio Outfront on September 12, 2002.
-* [http://www.ifco.info/ International Foster Care Organisation]The only charitable NGO solely devoted to the development of Foster Care with members in 50+ countries. Web site is in English & Spanish.
-* [http://www.adoptioninformation.com/ Adoptioninformation.com] - Wiki-style site for everything adoption and foster.
-* [http://www.fosterparents.com/ Fosterparents.com] Extensive resource about foster parenting and foster care.
-* [http://www.fosterparenting.com/ FosterParenting.com] Extensive resource about foster parenting and foster care
-* [http://www.fostercares.org/ FosterCares.org] Non-profit organization providing free clothing, toys, and equipment to foster children throughout the state of Georgia.
-* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/agingout/index-hi.html Aging Out] Aging Out is a documentary produced by [[PBS]] that chronicles the obstacles faced by teens who 'age out' of the foster care system.
-* [http://www.fostering.net The Fostering Network] is the UK’s leading charity for all those involved in foster care, and exists to ensure that fostered children receive the highest standards of care.
-* [http://p103.ezboard.com/bfosteringandadoptingolderchildren Fostering - Adopting Older Children]. A community of foster and adoptive parents and prospective parents of older children, sibling groups, teenagers, and other special needs children.
-* [http://www.cwav.asn.au/foster/enquiry.html The Centre For Excellence In Child And Family Welfare] is the primary source of information on foster care and becoming a carer in Victoria, Australia.
-* [http://www.styvbarn.se Stepchildren of the State]: A Swedish association working for the rights of fosterchildren.
-* [http://www.ppys.org Pivotal Point Youth Services] is a nonprofit organization that provides education support, employment training, vocational skills development, and entrepreneurship training to current and emancipating foster youth in the San Francisco Bay Area.
-* [http://www.elevate2inspire.com Elevate] is a support and advocacy group for young people currently or recently in foster care. Elevate is based primarily in Iowa and is a program of Children and Families of Iowa.
-[[Category:Family]]
-* [http://www.youthville.org Youthville] is a nonprofit organization that provides foster care services to children and foster families in the state of Kansas.
-[[de:Pflegeverhältnis]]
-[[he:משפחת אומנה]]
-[[nl:Pleegzorg]]
-[[ja:里親]]
-[[pl:Rodzina zastępcza (prawo)]]
-[[sr:Породични смештај деце]]
-[[fi:Huostaanotto]]
-[[sv:Familjehem]]