Virginia Tech shooting: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →‎United States Congress Response: borrowing the template being used on Paris Hilton at the present moment
Line 175: Line 175:
===United States Congress Response===
===United States Congress Response===
{{Current-section|date=June 2007}}
{{Current-section|date=June 2007}}
On [[Wednesday]], [[June 13]] [[2007]], the [[United States House of Representatives]] passed a federal gun control law. The bill, which was passed on [[voice vote]], would improve state reporting to the [[National Instant Criminal Background Check System]] to halt gun purchases by criminals, those declared mentally ill, and other people who are prohibited from possessing firearms. If this law passes through the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and is signed by the [[President of the United States|President]], then it would become the most important gun control act for over a decade. The [[National Rifle Association]], however, who has supported the bill, insists that this is not a gun control measure since it does not hinder the sale of guns that would otherwise be legal.
On [[Wednesday]], [[June 13]] [[2007]], the [[United States House of Representatives]] passed a federal gun control law. The bill, which was passed on [[voice vote]], would improve state reporting to the [[National Instant Criminal Background Check System]] to halt gun purchases by criminals, those declared mentally ill, and other people who are prohibited from possessing firearms. If this law passes through the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and is signed by the [[President of the United States|President]], then it would become the most important gun control act for over a decade. The [[National Rifle Association]], however, who has supported the bill, insists that this is not a gun control measure since it does not hinder the sale of guns that would otherwise be legal.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jim |last=Abrams |title=House Tempers Background Checks for Guns |url=http://www.comcast.net/news/index.jsp?cat=GENERAL&fn=/2007/06/13/688491.html&cvqh=itn_gunlaw |work= |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date= 2007-06-13 |accessdate=2007-06-13 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:48, 13 June 2007

Virginia Tech massacre
Students gather to mourn at the convocation after the shooting
LocationBlacksburg, Virginia, United States
DateMonday, April 16, 2007
7:15 a.m. and 9:41 a.m.–9:51 a.m.[1] (EDT)
TargetVirginia Tech
Attack type
School shooting, mass murder, murder-suicide, massacre
WeaponsGlock 19, Walther P22
Deaths33 (including the perpetrator)[2][3]
Injured25[4]
PerpetratorsSeung-Hui Cho
Part of a series of articles
on the
Virginia Tech
shooting
A photo of one of the commemorative stones at the memorial with flowers laid on top of it.
Location
Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, Virginia)
Perpetrator
Seung-Hui Cho
Victims
Related

The Virginia Tech massacre was a school shooting that unfolded as two attacks about two hours apart on April 16, 2007, on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. Seung-Hui Cho killed 32 people[5] and wounded many more[4] before committing suicide,[6] making it the deadliest shooting in modern U.S. history.[7][8]

Cho, a South Korean who had moved to the U.S. at age 8, was a senior majoring in English at Virginia Tech.[6] In 2005, he had been accused of stalking two female students[9] and was declared mentally ill by a Virginia special justice.[10] At least one professor had asked him to seek counseling.[11]

The incident, which received international media coverage, sparked intense debate about gun laws, the perpetrator's state of mind,[12] journalism ethics, the responsibility of college administrations, and other issues.

Television news organizations that aired portions of the killer's multimedia manifesto were criticized for it by victims' families, Virginia law enforcement officials, and the American Psychiatric Association.[13][14]

The massacre also reignited the gun politics debate in the United States, and drew criticism of U.S. laws and culture from commenters around the world.[15] Cho bought semi-automatic pistols two years after being declared mentally unsound, despite federal law intended to prevent such purchases.[16] Within two weeks, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine issued an executive order intended to close gaps between federal and state law that had allowed Cho to purchase handguns.[17] Proponents of gun rights suggested that students or faculty might have shot Cho and stopped his rampage if not for Virginia Tech's gun-free "safe zone" policy; proponents of gun control argued that Cho's easy access to handguns was unconscionable.

Attacks

Main article: Virginia Tech massacre timeline

Cho used two firearms during the attacks: a smallbore .22-caliber Walther P22 semi-automatic handgun and a 9 mm semi-automatic Glock 19 handgun.[18] The shootings occurred in separate incidents, with the first at West Ambler Johnston Hall and the second at Norris Hall.

West Ambler Johnston Hall shootings

Cho was seen near the entrance to West Ambler Johnston Hall, a co-ed dormitory that houses 895 students, about 7 a.m. EDT.[18] The hall is normally locked until 10 a.m. and it is not clear how Cho gained entrance to the facility.

Cho shot his first victims around 7:15 a.m. in West Ambler Johnston Hall. A young woman, Emily J. Hilscher of Woodville, Rappahannock County, Virginia, and a male resident assistant, Ryan C. Clark of Martinez, Columbia County, Georgia, were shot and killed[6] in the room Hilscher shared with another student.[19] Cho left the scene and soon after mailed a package of writings and video recordings to NBC News; the package was postmarked 9:01 a.m.[20]

Norris Hall shootings

About two hours after the initial shootings, Cho entered Norris Hall, which houses the Engineering Science and Mechanics program, and chained the three main entrance doors shut. He went to the second floor and began shooting students and faculty members.[3][21]

Aerial photo showing location of Norris and West Ambler Johnston Halls.

Erin Sheehan, an eyewitness and survivor of Norris 207, told reporters that the shooter "peeked in twice" earlier in the lesson and that "it was strange that someone at this point in the semester would be lost, looking for a class." Shortly thereafter, Cho began shooting. Sheehan said that only four students in the German class were able to leave the room on their own, two of them injured. The rest were dead or more severely wounded.[22][23][24]

By the end of this second attack, which lasted nine minutes, Cho had fired at least 174 rounds[1], killing 30 people and wounding many more.[25] Sydney J. Vail, the director of the trauma center at Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, said that Cho's choice of 9mm hollow point ammunition had exacerbated the injuries.[26]

It took police nearly five minutes to gain entry to the barricaded building. When they could not break the chains, an officer shot out a deadbolt lock leading to a stairwell.[18] As police reached the second floor, they heard Cho fire his final shot.[18][27] Cho was found dead in Jocelyne Couture-Nowak's classroom, Room 211, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the temple.[25] During the investigation, State Police Superintendent William Flaherty told a state panel that police found 203 live rounds in Norris Hall. "He was well-prepared to continue on," Flaherty testified.[28]

Elementary French class students take cover in Holden Hall Room 212.

Virginia Tech student Jamal Albarghouti used his mobile phone to capture video footage of a part of the attack from the exterior of Norris Hall; this was later broadcast on many news outlets.[29]

Student Nikolas Macko described to BBC News his experience at the center of the shootings.[30] He had been attending an issues in scientific computing computer science class (near the German class) taught by graduate student Haiyan Cheng, who substituted for the professor that day.[31] They heard gunshots in the hallway. At least three people in the classroom, including Zach Petkewicz, barricaded the door using a table. At one point, Macko said, the shooter attempted to open the classroom door and then shot twice into the room; one shot hit a podium and the other went out the window. The shooter reloaded and fired into the door, but the bullet did not penetrate into the room. Macko stated there were "many, many shots" fired.[21][32]

In the aftermath, high winds related to the April 2007 nor'easter prevented emergency medical services from using helicopters for evacuation of the injured.[33] Victims injured in the shooting were treated at Montgomery Regional Hospital in Blacksburg, Carilion New River Valley Medical Center in Radford, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital in Roanoke, and Lewis-Gale Medical Center in Salem.[34]

Victims

Main article: List of victims of the Virginia Tech massacre

During the two attacks, the shooter killed five faculty members and 27 students and wounded many more. Eleven students died in an intermediate French language class in Norris Room 211. Nine students died in an advanced hydrology class in Room 206. Four students died in an elementary German language class in Room 207. One student died in a solid mechanics class in Room 204.[27] Police reports indicate that 25 people were injured; some by Cho's bullets, others when they jumped from second-story windows to escape.[4]

Resistance

Several people tried to help others during the attack, including:

  • Professor Liviu Librescu held the door of his classroom, Room 204, shut while Cho attempted to enter it. Librescu was able to prevent the shooter from entering the classroom until most of his students escaped through the windows, but he died after being shot multiple times through the door. Only one student in his classroom died.[35][36] Subsequently, a petition was started to rename Norris Hall to Librescu Hall to honor this professor.[37]
  • Jocelyne Couture-Nowak tried to save the students in her French classroom, Room 211, after looking Cho in the eye in the hallway.[38] Colin Goddard, one of seven survivors in the French class,[39] told his family that Couture-Nowak ordered her students to the back of the class for their safety and made a fatal attempt to barricade the door.[40] The family of Henry Lee, one of the victims, believes that Lee tried to help block the door because they were told his body was found near the door, but police and early eyewitness accounts have not confirmed this.[41]
  • In Room 206, the movements of a wounded Waleed Shaalan distracted Cho from a nearby student after the shooter had returned to the room, according to a student eyewitness. Shaalan was shot a second time and died.[42]
  • Also in Room 206, Partahi Mamora Halomoan Lumbantoruan may have protected fellow student Guillermo Colman by diving on top of him;[43] Colman's various accounts make it unclear whether this act was intentional or the involuntary result of being shot. Multiple gunshots killed Lumbantoruan, but Colman was protected by Lumbantoruan's body.[44][45][46][47]
  • Student Zach Petkewicz barricaded the door of Room 205 with a large table after alternative instructor Haiyan Cheng and an unidentified female student in the same class saw Cho heading toward them. Cho shot several times through the door but failed to force in. No one in that classroom was wounded or killed.[48][49][27]
  • Katelyn Carney, Derek O'Dell, Trey Perkins, and Erin Sheehan barricaded the door of Room 207, the German class, after the first attack and attended to the wounded. Cho returned minutes later but O'Dell and Carney prevented him from re-entering the room. Both were injured.[50][51][52][53]
  • Hearing the commotion on the floor below, Professor Kevin Granata brought 20 students from a nearby classroom into an office, where the door could be locked, on the third floor of Norris Hall. He then went downstairs to investigate and was shot by Cho. Granata died from his injuries. None of the students locked in Granata's office were injured.[54]

Perpetrator

One of the photographs of Seung-Hui Cho sent to NBC News on the day of the massacre.
Main article: Seung-Hui Cho

The shooter was identified as 23-year-old Seung-Hui Cho,[6] a South Korean citizen with U.S. permanent resident status living in Virginia. An undergraduate at Virginia Tech, Cho lived in Harper Hall, a dormitory west of West Ambler Johnston Hall. A spokesman for Virginia Tech has described him as "a loner."[3] Several former professors of Cho have stated that his writing was disturbing, and he was encouraged to seek counseling.[11][55] He had also been investigated by the university for stalking and harassing two female students.[9] In 2005, Cho had been declared mentally ill by a Virginia special justice and ordered to seek outpatient treatment.[10]

According to Cho's great-aunt in South Korea, Cho's parents said his behavior was the result of autism;[56] no known record of Cho being diagnosed with autism exists.[57][58][59] Cho's flat emotional affect was evident through middle and high school years, during which he was bullied for speech difficulties.[60] "Relatives thought he might be a mute. Or mentally ill," reported the New York Times.[61] Cho's underlying psychological diagnosis remains a matter of speculation.[12] Media outlets routinely compared Cho's motives and mental state to those of the Columbine killers. Harris and Klebold's and Cho's motives and mental states were not similar.[62]

Early reports had suggested that the killing resulted from a domestic dispute between the killer and his supposed former girlfriend Emily Hilscher, whose friends said had no prior relationship with Cho. In fact, there is no evidence that Cho had ever met or talked with Hilscher.[63] In the ensuing investigation, police found a suicide note in Cho's dorm room that included comments about "rich kids", "debauchery", and "deceitful charlatans". On April 18 2007, NBC News received a package from Cho time-stamped between the first and second shooting episodes. It contained an 1,800-word manifesto,[64] photos, and 27 digitally recorded videos, in which Cho likened himself to Jesus Christ and expressed his hatred of the wealthy.[20]

Responses to the incidents

University response

Virginia Tech canceled classes for the rest of the week, closed Norris Hall for the remainder of the semester, and held an assembly and candlelight vigil on April 17.[2] The university offered counseling for students and faculty, and the American Red Cross dispatched several dozen crisis counselors to Blacksburg to help students.[2] University officials also allowed students, if they chose, to abbreviate their semester coursework and still receive a grade.[65]

In early June, the university announced it would begin reoccupying Norris Hall in mid-June. The building is to be used for offices and laboratories for the Engineering Science and Mechanics and Civil and Environmental Engineering departments, its primary occupants before the shootings. The building is to be completely renovated over time, and it will no longer contain classrooms.[66]

Student response

Virginia Tech students mourn the victims at a candlelight vigil.

Some Virginia Tech students questioned why the university had not been locked down after the first shooting.[5] The university first informed students via e-mail at 9:26 a.m. of the first shooting, which was thought at the time to be isolated and domestic in nature.[67] After becoming aware of the incident, students communicated with their family and peers about their conditions, using telephones and social networking services;[68][69] some bodies were found with cell phones and PDAs still ringing.[70]

Tech students of South Korean descent initially feared they would be targeted for retribution.[71][72] No cases of discrimination against Asians were reported in the weeks following the shootings.[73]

Government response

President George W. Bush with Virginia Tech Student Government Association President James Tyger after his speech at the school's convocation.

President George W. Bush and his wife Laura attended the convocation at Virginia Tech the day after the shootings.[74] The Internal Revenue Service and Virginia Department of Taxation granted six-month extensions to individuals affected by the shootings.[75] Virginia Governor Tim Kaine returned early from a trip to Tokyo, Japan,[67] and declared a "state of emergency" in Virginia, enabling him to immediately deploy state personnel, equipment, and other resources in the aftermath of the shootings.[76] Governor Kaine later created an eight-member panel, including former U.S. homeland security secretary Tom Ridge, to review all aspects of the Virginia Tech massacre, from Cho's medical history to the school's widely criticized delay in warning students of danger.[77]

The incident also caused Virginia Commonwealth elected officials to re-examine gaps between federal and state gun purchase laws. Within two weeks, Governor Kaine had issued an executive order designed to close those gaps (see Gun Politics, below).

Responses from other educational institutions

Penn State students pay tribute to the fallen Hokies at the Nittany Lions spring football game.

In addition to official condolences from many universities, both inside of the United States and abroad, many universities initiated examinations of existing and possible local response procedures.[78] Some schools provided housing for officers, cash assistance, and other emotional support.[79][80][81][82][83]

An adjunct professor at Emmanuel College in Boston re-enacted the shooting during a classroom discussion and was summarily dismissed,[84] provoking some debate.[85]

South Korean response

When the citizenship of the shooter became known, South Koreans expressed shock and a sense of public shame,[86] while the South Korean Cabinet convened an emergency meeting to consider possible ramifications. A candlelight vigil was held outside the Embassy of the United States in Seoul. South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun expressed his deepest condolences.[87] South Korea's ambassador to the U.S. and several Korean American religious leaders called on Korean Americans to participate in a 32-day fast, one day for each victim, for repentance.[88][89][90] The foreign minister, Song Min-soon, announced that safety measures had been established for Koreans living in the U.S., in apparent reference to fears of possible reprisal attacks against Koreans in the U.S.[91] A ministry official expressed hope that the shooting would not "stir up racial prejudice or confrontation."[92]

However as of June, no public backlash was evident.[73]. Some Korean-Americans criticised the fasting proposal, saying that it directed undue and irrelevant attention on Cho's ethnicity and not other, more salient, reasons behind the tragedy. News reports noted that South Koreans seemed relieved that American news coverage of Cho focused on his psychological problems. Some commentators contrasted the lack of a backlash in the U.S. to an incident in South Korea in 2002 when a US vehicle accidentally ran over and killed two girls, prompting nationwide anti-American protests.[86].

The Korean Tourism Organization (KTO) pulled its "Sparkling Korea" television advertisements off CNN after the shootings. A KTO official said that it would be inappropriate to air the advertisements featuring images of Korea's culture and natural beauty split between the news reports of the shooting rampage.

Media response

Main article: Media coverage of the Virginia Tech massacre

The incident generated extensive coverage worldwide and sparked intense debate for several days over the state of mind of the perpetrator, American gun control, and journalism ethics. Editorial response in international newspapers of record was widely critical of U.S. gun laws and gun culture.[15] In Sweden, Göteborgs-Posten called the killings "preventable,"[15] in Japan, the Asahi Shimbun said gun fatalities were "disturbingly common in the United States."[93] Times columnist Gerard Baker predicted that "only an optimist would imagine Virginia Tech will hold the new record for very long" and expressed doubt that the incident would change "America's deep-rooted and sometimes lethal commitment to its own freedoms."[94] Commentators from both the BBC[95] and The Economist[96] also predicted little chance of tougher gun laws or changes to the U.S. gun culture.

Other responses

  • Some of Cho's family members expressed sympathy for the victims' families and described his history of mental and behavioral problems. Cho's maternal grandfather was quoted in The Daily Mirror referring to Cho as a person who deserved to die with the victims.[58] On Friday, April 20, Cho's family issued a statement of grief and apology, written by his sister, Sun-Kyung Cho.[97]
  • Many heads of state and international figures offered condolences and sympathy,[98] including Pope Benedict XVI[99] and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.[100]
  • Sporting teams and leagues at both the college and professional levels, as well as sports figures from football, baseball, hockey, soccer, and NASCAR racing, paid their respects and joined fundraising efforts to honor the victims.[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108]

Gun politics debate

See also: Gun politics in the United States

The massacre reignited the gun politics debate in the United States, with proponents of gun control legislation arguing that guns are too accessible, citing that Cho, a mentally unsound individual, was able to purchase two semi-automatic pistols. Proponents of gun rights and the Second Amendment argued that Virginia Tech's gun-free "safe zone" policy ensured that none of the students or faculty would be armed and able to stop Cho's rampage. Others argued that coherent and consistent federal and state laws combined with adequate communication between government entities could have prevented Cho from acquiring weapons without compromising Second Amendment rights.

Background

Law enforcement officials have described finding a purchase receipt for at least one of the guns used in the assault.[109] The shooter had apparently waited one month after buying a Walther P22 pistol before he bought a second pistol, a Glock 19.[110] Cho used a 15-round ammunition magazine in the Glock.[111] The Federal Assault Weapons Ban, which expired in 2004, prohibited the manufacture of new magazines holding more than 10 cartridges during its 10-year life.[112] The serial numbers on the weapons were filed off, a felony, but the ATF National Laboratory was able to reveal them and performed a firearms trace.[111]

The sale of firearms to permanent residents in Virginia is legal as long as the buyer shows proof of residency.[113] Additionally, though, Virginia has a law that limits purchases of handguns to one every 30 days.[114] Federal law requires a criminal background check for handgun purchases from licensed firearms dealers, and Virginia checks other databases in addition to the Federally-mandated NICS. A federal law passed in 1968 in response to the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King,[115] also prohibits those "adjudicated as a mental defective" from buying guns. This exclusion may have been applicable to Cho after a Virginia court declared him to be a danger to himself in late 2005 and sent him for psychiatric treatment.[16] Because of gaps between federal and Virginia state laws, the state did not report Cho's legal status to the federal National Instant Criminal Background Check System.[16]

Virginia Governor Timothy Kaine addressed this problem on April 30 2007, by issuing an executive order intended to close those reporting gaps.[17] In June 2007, the U.S. Congress also took up the issue, introducing legislation to improve state reporting to the NICS. The bill, which has the endorsement of the National Rifle Association, could become the first major federal gun control law in over a decade.[115]

The shootings also renewed debate surrounding Virginia Tech's blanket ban on possession or storage of firearms on campus, even by state-licensed concealed weapons permit holders. In April 2005, a student licensed by the state to carry concealed weapons was discovered possessing a concealed firearm in class. While no criminal charges were filed, a university spokesman said the University had "the right to adhere to and enforce that policy as a common-sense protection of students, staff and faculty as well as guests and visitors."[116]

In 2006, a bill intended to prohibit public universities in Virginia from preventing students from lawfully carrying a concealed handgun on campus was introduced into the Virginia House of Delegates by delegate Todd Gilbert. The university opposed the bill, HB 1572, which died in subcommittee in January 2006.[117]

Political response

The response to how gun law affected the massacre was divided. The White House issued a statement saying "The president believes that there is a right for people to bear arms, but that all laws must be followed."[118] The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence said that it was easy for an individual to get powerful weapons and called for increased gun control measures.[119] Gun rights activist and National Rifle Association board member Ted Nugent, commenting on CNN, called for an end to gun-free zones and contrasted the Virginia Tech massacre with other incidents in which mass shootings have been ended by law-abiding gun owners.[120]

Some government officials in other countries joined in the criticism of U.S. gun laws and policies.[121] For example, Australian Prime Minister John Howard said that tough Australian legislation introduced after a 1996 mass shooting in Tasmania had prevented a problematic gun culture in Australia.[122]

In response to the Virginia Tech incident, Texas Gov. Rick Perry has proposed that licensed gun owners be allowed to carry their weapons anywhere in Texas.[123] Virginia Governor Tim Kaine condemned the gun politics debate following the massacre, saying: "To those who want to make this into some sort of crusade, I say take this elsewhere."[124]

United States Congress Response

On Wednesday, June 13 2007, the United States House of Representatives passed a federal gun control law. The bill, which was passed on voice vote, would improve state reporting to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System to halt gun purchases by criminals, those declared mentally ill, and other people who are prohibited from possessing firearms. If this law passes through the Senate and is signed by the President, then it would become the most important gun control act for over a decade. The National Rifle Association, however, who has supported the bill, insists that this is not a gun control measure since it does not hinder the sale of guns that would otherwise be legal.[125]

References

  1. ^ a b Robert Bowman. "Panel receives details, roadblock". Collegiate Times. Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  2. ^ a b c "Virginia Tech homepage". Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. April 17 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Vtfront" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c "Gunman killed after deadly Virginia Tech rampage". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  4. ^ a b c "Tech shooting victims: Moving forward". Roanoke Times. 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2007-05-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b "Virginia Tech Shooting: Gunman Identified As Cho Seung-Hui". Post Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-04-16. Cite error: The named reference "postAnger" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c d John M. Broder. "Virginia Gunman Identified as a Student". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  7. ^ Allen G. Breed. "Va.Tech Gunman's Motives Still a Mystery". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
  8. ^ "Fact File: Deadliest shootings in the U.S." MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  9. ^ a b "Virginia gunman was accused of stalking: police". Agence France-Presse. 2007-04-18. Retrieved 2007-04-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b "Court: Cho ruled 'an imminent danger'". CNN. 2007-04-18. Retrieved 2007-04-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b "College gunman disturbed teachers, classmates" NBC News. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007
  12. ^ a b "Psychopath? Depressive? Schizophrenic? Was Cho Seung-Hui Really Like the Columbine Killers?". Slate. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2007-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Maddox, Bronwen (2007-04-20). "Why NBC was right to show those demented ramblings". The Times. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "APA Urges Media to Stop Airing Graphic Cho Materials" (PDF) (Press release). American Psychiatric Association. April 20 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-22. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b c U.S. gun laws draw heat after massacre, Associated Press, 18 April 2007
  16. ^ a b c Luo, Michael (2007-04-21). "U.S. Rules Made Killer Ineligible to Purchase Gun". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
  17. ^ a b "Governor Kaine Issues Executive Order Expanding Background Checks for Gun Purchases" (Press release). Commonwealth of Virgina, Office of Attorney General. 2007-04-30. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  18. ^ a b c d Police: No motive found, The Roanoke Times, April 26 2007
  19. ^ Witness: The Dormitory Murders. Time Magazine. 20 April 2007. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
  20. ^ a b Johnson, Alex (2007-04-19). "Gunman sent package to NBC News". MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
  21. ^ a b "US university shooting kills 33". BBC. Retrieved 2007-04-16. Cite error: The named reference "BBC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  22. ^ "Student Survivors Recount Shooting". ABC. 2007-04-17. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  23. ^ "German Teacher Killed at Virginia Massacre". Ajc. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |Author= (help)
  24. ^ "Professor among victims of Virginia Tech Massacre". Los Angeles Times. April 162007. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ a b Gelineau, Kristen (April 25 2007) Police: Va. Tech bloodbath lasted 9 min. Associated Press, published in Washington Post.
  26. ^ "Injuries Heal, but Mental Scars May Last Much Longer". Washington Post. 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c "Deadly Rampage at Virginia Tech" diagram of Norris Hall The New York Times, April 22 2007, retrieved April 22 2007.
  28. ^ "Va. Tech gunman had 200 more rounds to fire". MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
  29. ^ "Virginia Tech Shooting Video Online: 33 Killed, 29 Injured". Post Chronicle. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |Author= (help)
  30. ^ "Student describes shooting spree". BBC. 16 April 2007.
  31. ^ Maraniss, David (2007-04-22). "Victims valiant in the face of horror". Omaha World-Herald. Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  32. ^ Stanley, Alessandra. "THE TV WATCH; Deadly Rampage and No Loss for Words". The New York Times. 17 April 2007.
  33. ^ Holley, Joe. "Students Recount Shootings". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  34. ^ "Rampage Strains Area Hospitals". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  35. ^ Israeli lecturer died shielding Virginia Tech students from gunman, Haaretz, April 17 2007
  36. ^ Donovan, Doug. "'I don't think my teacher got out'". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  37. ^ PetitionOnline petition
  38. ^ Canadian's class hardest hit. Toronto Star 19 April 2007
  39. ^ Inside Room 211, Los Angeles Times, 25 April 2007
  40. ^ Survivor recalls moments leading up to Va. Tech shootings, USA Today. 21 April 2007
  41. ^ Chittum, Matt (2007-05-8). "Henry Lee: A life mourned". Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ Waleed Shaalan The New York Times. 20 April 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007
  43. ^ Template:Id Brother Mora, an Indonesian Hero. Detiknews 19 April 2007
  44. ^ Gil Colman's Story: Wounded in Tech Shooting. WHSV News. 18 April 2007
  45. ^ As shots hit, classroom turned into place of Terror. USA Today. 18 April 2007
  46. ^ Two Harrisonburg Students Among Those Shot In Rampage. The Daily news. 17 April 2007
  47. ^ Saved by the Blood. Guillermo Colman Personal Blog. 21 April 2007
  48. ^ Gunman greeted victims before shooting them. Straits Times, April 19, 2007.
  49. ^ Heroes in the Midst of Horror: Holocaust Survivor, Students Saved Others
  50. ^ U.S. Marshal's Daughter Saved Students. Associated Press. 19 April 2007
  51. ^ Peyser, Andrea (2007-04-17). "OUT OF THE HORROR EMERGES A HERO". New York Post. Retrieved 2007-04-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ "Witness survives by pretending to be dead". CNN.com. 2007-04-17. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ "Witness: Gunman 'didn't say a single word'". MSNBC. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ "Loss Creates a Terrible Contrast in Lives So Similar". Washington Post. April 19 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ "Killer's manifesto: 'You forced me into a corner'" CNN. April 18 2007. Accessed 19 April 2007.
  56. ^ "A Family's Shame in Korea". Time Magazine. 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2007-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  57. ^ "Virginia Korean Community Still Reeling". Associated Press. 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2007-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ a b "EXCLUSIVE: Granddad's anger at uni murderer". Mirror.co.uk. 2007–04–20. Retrieved 2007-04-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ "Did Autism Lead to Shooting? No Way!". About.com. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2007-04-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  60. ^ Matt Apuzzo and Sharon Cohen. "Va. Tech gunman seen as textbook killer". Associated Press. Last accessed April 19 2007.
  61. ^ "Before Deadly Rage, a Life Consumed by Troubling Silence". New York Times. 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2007-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ "The Depressive and the Psychopath". Slate. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2007-04-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  63. ^ "Cho, Hilscher had no link." London Free Press. 19 April 2007, Accessed 19 April 2007
  64. ^ "Virginia Tech Gunman Cho Seung-Hui Mails Manifesto To NBC News". Post Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
  65. ^ Procedure for the Completion of the Spring 2007 Academic Semester, Letter from Dean McNamee to students, April 20 2007
  66. ^ "Norris Hall to begin phased reoccupation". {{cite news}}: Text "accessdate 2007-06-05" ignored (help)
  67. ^ a b Fox News. "Virginia Tech Campus Reels From Shooting That Leaves at Least 32 Dead". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "Students Turn From School to Social Networking Sites for Info
  69. ^ Jose Antonio Vargas. "A Chain of Grief With Links On Facebook". The Washington Post. 18 April 2007.
  70. ^ Cell phones of dead still rang Anderson Cooper, CNN, April 17 2007
  71. ^ Korea Fears Prejudice with Shooting Link, Associated Press April 17 2007. Retrieved April 17 2007.
  72. ^ Korean student named gunman in U.S. massacre, JoongAng Daily. April 18 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  73. ^ a b "Campus Asian students face no backlash". Gulf Times. Agence France-Presse. 2007-04-24. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  74. ^ Riechman, Deb (2007-04-17). "Bush to Speak at Virginia Tech Service". Forbes. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  75. ^ Governor closes gun purchase loophole, The Roanoke Times, 12:41 p.m. April 18 2007.
  76. ^ Governor declares state of emergency The Associated Press
  77. ^ Bill Turque and Sari Horwitz (April 20, 2007). "Kaine Gives Panel Latitude to Probe Campus Killings". {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  78. ^ "The higher education community lends its support". Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  79. ^ "ECU Pledges $100,0000 to Hokie Hope fund". Retrieved 2007-04-21. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  80. ^ "Hoos and Hokies unite in spirit in dark days". The Roanoke Times. 2007-04-18. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
  81. ^ "Hoos for Hokies". Retrieved 2007-04-21.
  82. ^ sports.espn.go.com
  83. ^ "Statement by Karen A. Holbrook on the Tragedy at Virginia Tech"
  84. ^ "Professor fired over class discussion of shootings". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  85. ^ "Freedom to Discuss Virginia Tech?". Inside Higher Ed. 2007-04-24. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  86. ^ a b "South Koreans balance sympathy and shame in delicate response to US rampage" International Herald Tribune, Accessed 24 April, 2007
  87. ^ "President Says His Heart Goes to Victims, Families". Cheong Wa Dae, Office of the President. 2007-04-18. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  88. ^ "South Koreans Told to Fast over Massacre". Telegraph.co.uk. April 19, 2007. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |publisher= (help) Retrieved April 19, 2007
  89. ^ "More Korean Reactions to Shooting Rampage". Berkeley Daily Planet. 2007-04-24. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  90. ^ Linsenmayer, Steve (2007-04-21). "Massacre moves local pastor to fast". Fort Wayne.com. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  91. ^ "Seoul expresses shock as gunman identified as Korean", ChannelNewsAsia.com, April 18, 2007
  92. ^ "Korea Fears Prejudice with Shooting Link", Associated Press via Breitbart.com, April 17, 2007
  93. ^ Virginia Tech massacre Asahi Shimbun, April 19 2007
  94. ^ Only the names change. And the numbers, Gerard Baker, The Times, 17 April 2007
  95. ^ Washington diary: Virginia shootings BBC
  96. ^ "Guns in America: After the massacre", The Economist, 17 April 2007
  97. ^ Breed, Allen G (2007-04-21). "Cho's Family Feels `hopeless'". UK Guardian Unlimited. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-04-21. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  98. ^ "The World Sends Condolences to Virginia Tech." Associated Press 18 April 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007
  99. ^ "Virginia Tech massacre "senseless tragedy"—Pope, Reuters. April 17, 2007. Retrieved May 3 2007
  100. ^ "Korea fears prejudice with shooting link," Associated Press. April 17, 2007. Retrieved April 17 2007.
  101. ^ "Vick Gives $10,000 for Va. Tech Families". AP. 2007-04-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  102. ^ "Athletes tied to Virginia Tech seek funds for 33 scholarships". Daily Press. 2007-04-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  103. ^ "Nats Show Their Support". Washington Post. 2007-04-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  104. ^ "Houston Dynamo to hold tribute and fundraiser for Virginia Tech". Houston Dynamo. 2007-04-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  105. ^ "D.C. United to pay tribute to Va. Tech with special jerseys". CBS Sportsline. 2007-04-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  106. ^ "NASCAR to honor victims of Virginia Tech tragedy". Turner Sports Interactive. 2007-04-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  107. ^ "Sports world reaches out, helps Virginia Tech cope". Turner Sports Interactive. 2007-04-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  108. ^ "Ohio State Football Photo Gallery". ESPN.com. 2007-05-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  109. ^ "Gunman ID'd as student; tests tie same gun to both attacks". New York Newsday. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  110. ^ "Shooter had guns more than 1 month before Va. shootings". WDBJ-TV. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
  111. ^ a b "Guns were easy to come by." The Washington Post. 18 April 2007. Retrieved April 18 2007/
  112. ^ "Despite tragedy, no will for gun limit renewal". Buffalo News, NY. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
  113. ^ "Shooter Identified as Seung-Hui Cho". ABC News. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  114. ^ Code of Virginia, §18.2–308.2:2(P) (2005).
  115. ^ a b Abrams, Jim (2007-06-13). "House Tempers Background Checks for Guns". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
  116. ^ Virginia Tech's ban on guns may draw legal fire
  117. ^ Gun bill gets shot down by panel
  118. ^ Press Briefing Dana Perino, White House, April 16, 2007
  119. ^ News Release: Nation Again Grieves Over A Tragedy Of Monumental Proportions, CNN, April 17
  120. ^ Nugent, Ted (2007-04-20). "Gun-free zones are recipe for disaster". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  121. ^ Massacre sparks foreign criticism of U.S. gun culture, MonstersandCritics.com, accessed April 22 2007
  122. ^ U.S. Gun Laws Draw Heat After Massacre, CBS NEWS, accessed April 22 2007
  123. ^ Jay Root. "Perry: Allow concealed handguns anywhere in Texas". Ft. Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  124. ^ "Fairfax man identified as Tech shooter", The Washington Times, April 18, 2007, accessed April 18, 2007.
  125. ^ Abrams, Jim (2007-06-13). "House Tempers Background Checks for Guns". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-06-13.

See also

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Virginia Tech massacre.

Template:Wikinewspar3

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Tech_shooting&oldid=137998629"