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Charles and David have been targeted recently with harassment and threats. In April 2011, a [[Des Moines, Iowa]] office supply firm, Koch Brothers, reported receiving dozens of harassing emails and phone calls and even a death threat.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hicks|first=Lynn|title='Koch Brothers' confusion results in death threat for Iowa company|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20110418/BUSINESS/110418022/-Koch-brothers-confusion-results-death-threat-Iowa-company|work=DesMoines Register|accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Baier|first=Bret|title=Obama Faces the Music|url=http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report/transcript/obama-faces-music|work=Fox News|accessdate=22 April 2011|date=2011-04-21}}</ref>
Charles and David have been targeted recently with harassment and threats. In April 2011, a [[Des Moines, Iowa]] office supply firm, Koch Brothers, reported receiving dozens of harassing emails and phone calls and even a death threat.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hicks|first=Lynn|title='Koch Brothers' confusion results in death threat for Iowa company|url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20110418/BUSINESS/110418022/-Koch-brothers-confusion-results-death-threat-Iowa-company|work=DesMoines Register|accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Baier|first=Bret|title=Obama Faces the Music|url=http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/special-report/transcript/obama-faces-music|work=Fox News|accessdate=22 April 2011|date=2011-04-21}}</ref>

David Koch announced that he will decide which presidential candidate to support next year. However, he indicated that he will not support Donald Trump if he decides to run.<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump doesn't have support of billionaire David Koch - money-wise - as presidential candidate Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2011/05/03/2011-05-03_donald_trump_doesnt_have_support_of_billionaire_david_koch__moneywise__as_presid.html#ixzz1LMWoJtsR|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2011/05/03/2011-05-03_donald_trump_doesnt_have_support_of_billionaire_david_koch__moneywise__as_presid.html|work=NY Daily News|publisher=Ny Daily News|accessdate=4 May 2011|location=New York}}</ref>


===Charles G. Koch===
===Charles G. Koch===
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===Unions===
===Unions===
''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' noted in 2011 that "Koch-backed groups like Americans for Prosperity, the Cato Institute, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, and the Reason Foundation have long taken a very antagonistic view toward public-sector unions".<ref name=MJ/> Public records show that the Kochs gave more than $17 million between 1997 and 2008 to groups including the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]], which promotes legislation concerning unions.<ref name="overby2011"/>
In February 2011, the New York Times said that [[Americans for Prosperity]] lobbied for a bill proposed by Governor [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]] affecting state employee unions.<ref name="lipton1">{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/22/us/22koch.html?_r=1 | work=The New York Times | first=Eric | last=Lipton | title=Koch Brothers' Money Fuels Wisconsin Fight | date=2011-02-21}}</ref>{{irrel}}

[[Mother Jones (magazine)]] says the Koch Industries [[Political Action Committee]] gave to [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]]'s gubernatorial campaign in November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/mojo/2011/02/wisconsin-scott-walker-koch-brothers |title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker: Funded by the Koch Bros. |publisher=Mother Jones |date=2011-02-18 |accessdate=2011-04-15}}</ref>{{irrel}} In February 2011, the New York Times said that [[Americans for Prosperity]] lobbied for a bill proposed by Governor Walker affecting state employee unions.<ref name="lipton1"/>{{irrel}} Public records show that the Kochs gave more than $17 million between 1997 and 2008 to groups including the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]], which promotes legislation concerning unions.<ref name="overby2011"/> {{irrel}}


Though the Koch Industries PAC has given $43,000 to Walker's gubernatorial campaign -- less than half of one percent of Walker's total fundraising effort -- Koch has become something of a scapegoat for groups that oppose the governor's efforts to end collective bargain, despite never having met Governor Walker or seen a photograph of him.<ref name=Continetti>{{cite news|first=Matthew |last=Continetti|authorlink=Matthew Continetti|title=The Paranoid Style in Liberal Politics|work=[[The Weekly Standard]]|date=April 4, 2011|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/paranoid-style-liberal-politics_555525.html?nopager=1}}</ref>
Koch Industries' [[Political Action Committee]] gave to [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]]'s [[Wisconsin gubernatorial election, 2010|November 2010 gubernatorial campaign]], its second-highest donation;<ref name=MJ>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/mojo/2011/02/wisconsin-scott-walker-koch-brothers |title=Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker: Funded by the Koch Bros. |publisher=''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' |date=2011-02-18 |accessdate=2011-04-15}}</ref> in office, Walker proposed a sharp reduction in public sector union bargaining rights, leading to the [[2011 Wisconsin protests]]. In February 2011, the ''New York Times'' reported that [[Americans for Prosperity]] had lobbied for Walker's proposed bill.<ref name="lipton2011"/> Because of the campaign contribution, [[David H. Koch|David Koch]] became a symbolic target for the protests.<ref name=Continetti>{{cite news|first=Matthew |last=Continetti|authorlink=Matthew Continetti|title=The Paranoid Style in Liberal Politics|work=[[The Weekly Standard]]|date=April 4, 2011|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/paranoid-style-liberal-politics_555525.html?nopager=1}}</ref>


===Lobbying for oil, gas, and chemical industries===
===Lobbying for oil, gas, and chemical industries===
Line 50: Line 46:
During the 2010 election cycle, Americans for Prosperity claims to have spent $40 million dollars.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Koch employees were the largest oil and gas industry donors to Congressmen and women on the [[United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce|House Energy and Commerce Committee]], which is responsible for legislation affecting the industry. Koch employees donated $279,500 to 22 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s and $32,000 to five [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s, including $20,000 to committee chairman [[Fred Upton]] (R-Michigan).<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Of the six Republican members who were elected to Congress for the first time, Americans for Prosperity supported five of their campaigns.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Of twelve Republicans newly appointed to the Committee, nine signed a pledge distributed by Americans for Prosperity to oppose greenhouse gas regulation.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/>
During the 2010 election cycle, Americans for Prosperity claims to have spent $40 million dollars.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Koch employees were the largest oil and gas industry donors to Congressmen and women on the [[United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce|House Energy and Commerce Committee]], which is responsible for legislation affecting the industry. Koch employees donated $279,500 to 22 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s and $32,000 to five [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s, including $20,000 to committee chairman [[Fred Upton]] (R-Michigan).<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Of the six Republican members who were elected to Congress for the first time, Americans for Prosperity supported five of their campaigns.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/> Of twelve Republicans newly appointed to the Committee, nine signed a pledge distributed by Americans for Prosperity to oppose greenhouse gas regulation.<ref name="LATimes2011-02"/>


According to a [[Greenpeace]] report, from 2005 to 2008, [[Koch Industries]] and the foundations under its control donated $5.7 million on political campaigns and $38 million on direct lobbying to support fossil fuel industries. The report also asserts that between 1997 and 2008, Koch Industries donated nearly $48 million to "climate change skeptic groups",<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/mar/30/us-oil-donated-millions-climate-sceptics | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=US oil company donated millions to climate skeptic groups, says Greenpeace | first=John | last=Vidal | date=30 March 2010}}</ref> Also according to that report, between 2005 and 2008 they gave nearly three times as much to such causes as [[Exxon Mobil]], including nearly $10 million to the [[Mercatus Center]], $3.3 million to the [[Heritage Foundation]], over $5 million to the [[Cato Institute]], and $5 million to [[Americans for Prosperity]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/campaigns/global-warming-and-energy/polluterwatch/koch-industries |title=Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine |date=2010-03-29|work=Global Warming |publisher=[[Greenpeace]] |accessdate=2010-04-01|location=Washington}}</ref> Koch Industries and its subsidiaries spent more than $20 million on lobbying in 2008 and $12.3 million in 2009, according to the [[Center for Responsive Politics]], a nonpartisan research group.<ref name="opensecrets.org"/><ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?year=2008&lname=Koch+Industries&id= Center For Responsive Politics, www.opensecrets.org]</ref>
According to a [[Greenpeace]] report, from 2005 to 2008, [[Koch Industries]] and the foundations under its control donated $5.7 million on political campaigns and $38 million on direct lobbying to support fossil fuel industries. The report also asserts that between 1997 and 2008, Koch Industries donated nearly $48 million to "climate change skeptic groups",<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/mar/30/us-oil-donated-millions-climate-sceptics | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=US oil company donated millions to climate skeptic groups, says Greenpeace | first=John | last=Vidal | date=30 March 2010}}</ref> Also according to that report, between 2005 and 2008 they gave nearly three times as much to such causes as [[Exxon Mobil]], including nearly $10 million to the [[Mercatus Center]], $3.3 million to the [[Heritage Foundation]], over $5 million to the [[Cato Institute]], and $5 million to [[Americans for Prosperity]].<ref name="GP1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/campaigns/global-warming-and-energy/polluterwatch/koch-industries |title=Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine |date=2010-03-29|work=Global Warming |publisher=[[Greenpeace]] |accessdate=2010-04-01|location=Washington}}</ref> Koch Industries and its subsidiaries spent more than $20 million on lobbying in 2008 and $12.3 million in 2009, according to the [[Center for Responsive Politics]], a nonpartisan research group.<ref name="opensecrets.org"/><ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?year=2008&lname=Koch+Industries&id= Center For Responsive Politics, www.opensecrets.org]</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' reporter [[Margot Roosevelt]] in 2011 described the Koch brothers as "the nation's most prominent funders of efforts to prevent curbs on fossil-fuel burning".<ref>[[Margot Roosevelt]], 31 March 2011, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [http://articles.latimes.com/2011/mar/31/local/la-me-berkeley-climate-20110331 Berkeley scientists' climate data review puts them at center of national debate]</ref> The Charles G. Koch Foundation is (along with the [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] and Bill Gates climate fund) a major funder of the [[Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature]] project, an effort to resolve criticism of records of the Earth's surface temperatures, led by scientists seen as [[climate skeptic]]s by many in the [[climate science]] world.<ref name=CWBE>[http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/berkeley-project-seeks-resolve-climate-change-debate-8953 Berkeley project seeks to resolve climate change debate], ''California Watch'', March 1, 2011.</ref>


The Claude R. Lambe Foundation has donated to the American Energy Alliance, an offshoot of the [[Institute for Energy Research]].<ref>[[NPR]], [http://www.npr.org/blogs/secretmoney/2008/09/udall_radio_ad.html New Group Tied To Oil Industry Runs Ads Promoting Drilling, Attacking Democrat]</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=April 2011}}
The Claude R. Lambe Foundation has donated to the American Energy Alliance, an offshoot of the [[Institute for Energy Research]].<ref>[[NPR]], [http://www.npr.org/blogs/secretmoney/2008/09/udall_radio_ad.html New Group Tied To Oil Industry Runs Ads Promoting Drilling, Attacking Democrat]</ref>


===Free enterprise seminars===
===Free enterprise seminars===

Revision as of 21:07, 26 May 2011

The political activities of the Koch family are the political activities of the family of Fred C. Koch, a co-founder of Koch Industries, an oil, gas, and chemical conglomerate which is the second largest privately held company in the United States with annual revenues of $110 billion.[1] Many of the activities are carried out via the Koch Family Foundations, the most prominent of which are the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation and the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, created by two of Fred C. Koch's sons, Charles G. Koch and David H. Koch. Notable activities include Charles Koch co-founding the Cato Institute in 1977, and David Koch being the Libertarian Vice-Presidential candidate in 1980 and helping found the Citizens for a Sound Economy in 1984, and its spin-off Americans for Prosperity in 2004.[2] In total, the Koch brothers have given more than 196 million dollars to dozens of free-market and advocacy organizations[1], in addition to over $600 million to arts, science, and educational organizations.[3] Tax records indicate that in 2008 the three main Koch family foundations gave money to thirty-four political and policy organizations, three of which they founded, and several of which they direct.[1] The Koch brothers believe that economic freedom is essential for the well-being of society.[4]

Background

Fred C. Koch, the father of Charles and David, was a member of the John Birch Society.[1][5] He gave a speech in 1963 warning of “a takeover” of America in which Communists would “infiltrate the highest offices of government in the U.S. until the president is a Communist, unknown to the rest of us”.[6] His anti-communism stemmed from his experiences in the Soviet Union, where the very engineers who supported the Bolshevik Revolution and told Fred Koch that they would one day take over the world, were later purged by that same movement.[citation needed]

David H. Koch was a Libertarian Vice-Presidential candidate in 1980 on a platform that advocated the abolition of Social Security, the FBI, the CIA, and public schools.[7][8] Koch put $500,000 into the race,[8] and he and Ed Clark, his presidential running mate, won 1% of the vote—the best libertarian showing in a U.S. presidential race to date.[citation needed] But the experience caused David Koch to change course: "I had enough," he said. "We are not a nation that debates issues. We vote on candidates' personalities." By 1984, David had parted company with the Libertarian party, because, he said, "they nominated a ticket I wasn't happy with" and "so many of the hard-core Libertarian ideas are unrealistic."[8]

Since then, Charles and David Koch have adopted a much less visible strategy toward advancing their libertarian agenda, with Jane Mayer stating that they are now so secretive that "they are not just undercover, but underground".[9] In 1986, David Koch helped found the Citizens for a Sound Economy, and has given over $21 million to the Cato Institute.[10]

In the August 2010 New Yorker, Jane Mayer wrote that "As their fortunes grew, Charles and David Koch became the primary underwriters of hard-line libertarian politics in America."[6] The Koch brothers fund a multitude of groups including Americans for Prosperity, opposed to fiscally left-wing policies. In response, Koch Industries says that Mayer's article is based on "blatantly and inherently biased" sources and material from organizations such as the Center for American Progress and Greenpeace.[11]

Charles and David have been targeted recently with harassment and threats. In April 2011, a Des Moines, Iowa office supply firm, Koch Brothers, reported receiving dozens of harassing emails and phone calls and even a death threat.[12][13]

Charles G. Koch

Charles G. Koch funds and supports libertarian and free-market organizations such as the Cato Institute,[2] which he co-founded with Edward H. Crane and Murray Rothbard in 1977,[14] and is a board member at the Mercatus Center, a market-oriented research think tank at George Mason University. Koch supported his brother's candidacy for Vice President on the Libertarian Party ticket in 1980.[6] After the bid, Koch told a reporter that conventional politics "tends to be a nasty, corrupting business ... I’m interested in advancing libertarian ideas".[6] In addition to funding think tanks, Charles and David also support libertarian academics[15] and (since 1992) Koch funds the Charles G. Koch Summer Fellow Program through the Institute for Humane Studies which recruits and mentors young libertarians.[16] Koch is also chair of the Institute's board of directors.[17] Koch also organizes twice yearly meetings[18] of Republican donors.[2]

Organizations

Family Foundations

Main article: Koch Family Foundations

The Koch Family Foundations began in 1953 with the establishment of the Fred C. and Mary R. Koch Foundation. In 1980 Charles G. Koch established the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundationwith the stated purpose of advancing social progress and well-being through the development, application and dissemination of "the Science of Liberty," and in 1981 he inherited control of the Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation when he was left in charge of Claude Lambe's estate.[19][unreliable source?] David H. Koch established the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation. Charles' and David's foundations have together provided hundreds of millions of dollars to a variety of organizations, including arts organizations, educational organizations,[3] and libertarian or conservative think tanks.

Political organizations

Americans for Prosperity (AFP) is an advocacy group that was founded in 2004 by the Koch brothers,[1] and to which they have given more than one million dollars.[1] [20][21] At an AFP rally in 2009, David Koch said "Five years ago, my brother Charles and I provided the funds to start the Americans for Prosperity, and it's beyond my wildest dreams how AFP has grown into this enormous organization."[21] AFP is the political arm of the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, of which David Koch is chairman of the Board of Trustees.[20][22] Americans for Prosperity created Patients United Now, which advocated against a single-payer system during the 2009-2010 healthcare reform debate.

Citizens for a Sound Economy was co-founded by David Koch in the 1980s,[20] and, according to the Center for Public Integrity, the Koch Brothers funded it with $7.9 million between 1986 and 1993.[1] In 1990, they created the spinoff group, Citizens for the Environment.[1]

Charles and David Koch also have been involved and have provided funding to a number of other think tanks and advocacy organizations: They provided initial funding for the Cato Institute,[20] they are key donors to the Federalist Society,[20] and also support the Mercatus Center, the Institute for Humane Studies, the Institute for Justice, the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, the Institute for Energy Research, the Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment, Heritage Foundation, the Manhattan Institute, the George C. Marshall Institute, the Reason Foundation and the American Enterprise Institute.[23][24]

As of 2011, David Koch sits on the board of directors of the Cato institute,[25] the Reason Foundation and Aspen Institute.[22]

Political activity

Koch Industries sponsors what it considers to be free market foundations and causes.[26] For the 2012 election cycle, the Koch brothers plan to raise $88 million dollars.[27]

Unions

Mother Jones noted in 2011 that "Koch-backed groups like Americans for Prosperity, the Cato Institute, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, and the Reason Foundation have long taken a very antagonistic view toward public-sector unions".[28] Public records show that the Kochs gave more than $17 million between 1997 and 2008 to groups including the Competitive Enterprise Institute, which promotes legislation concerning unions.[21]

Koch Industries' Political Action Committee gave to Scott Walker's November 2010 gubernatorial campaign, its second-highest donation;[28] in office, Walker proposed a sharp reduction in public sector union bargaining rights, leading to the 2011 Wisconsin protests. In February 2011, the New York Times reported that Americans for Prosperity had lobbied for Walker's proposed bill.[29] Because of the campaign contribution, David Koch became a symbolic target for the protests.[30]

Lobbying for oil, gas, and chemical industries

During the 2010 election cycle, Americans for Prosperity claims to have spent $40 million dollars.[20] Koch employees were the largest oil and gas industry donors to Congressmen and women on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, which is responsible for legislation affecting the industry. Koch employees donated $279,500 to 22 Republicans and $32,000 to five Democrats, including $20,000 to committee chairman Fred Upton (R-Michigan).[20] Of the six Republican members who were elected to Congress for the first time, Americans for Prosperity supported five of their campaigns.[20] Of twelve Republicans newly appointed to the Committee, nine signed a pledge distributed by Americans for Prosperity to oppose greenhouse gas regulation.[20]

According to a Greenpeace report, from 2005 to 2008, Koch Industries and the foundations under its control donated $5.7 million on political campaigns and $38 million on direct lobbying to support fossil fuel industries. The report also asserts that between 1997 and 2008, Koch Industries donated nearly $48 million to "climate change skeptic groups",[31] Also according to that report, between 2005 and 2008 they gave nearly three times as much to such causes as Exxon Mobil, including nearly $10 million to the Mercatus Center, $3.3 million to the Heritage Foundation, over $5 million to the Cato Institute, and $5 million to Americans for Prosperity.[32] Koch Industries and its subsidiaries spent more than $20 million on lobbying in 2008 and $12.3 million in 2009, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan research group.[24][33] Los Angeles Times reporter Margot Roosevelt in 2011 described the Koch brothers as "the nation's most prominent funders of efforts to prevent curbs on fossil-fuel burning".[34] The Charles G. Koch Foundation is (along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Bill Gates climate fund) a major funder of the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature project, an effort to resolve criticism of records of the Earth's surface temperatures, led by scientists seen as climate skeptics by many in the climate science world.[35]

The Claude R. Lambe Foundation has donated to the American Energy Alliance, an offshoot of the Institute for Energy Research.[36]

Free enterprise seminars

In recent years, Charles and David Koch have organized semiannual seminars to promote their political beliefs. In June 2010, for example, the event was held in Aspen, Colorado, and titled "Understanding and Addressing Threats to American Free Enterprise and Prosperity". The invitation stated that "[our] prosperity is under attack by the current Administration and many of our elected officials" and "we cannot rely on politicians to [defend our free society], so it is up to us to combat what is now the greatest assault on American freedom and prosperity in our lifetimes".[29] The seminar program mentioned that "past meetings have featured such notable leaders as Supreme Court Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas; Governors Bobby Jindal and Haley Barbour; commentators John Stossel, Charles Krauthammer, Glenn Beck, and Rush Limbaugh; Senators Jim DeMint and Tom Coburn; and Representatives Paul Ryan, Mike Pence, and Tom Price."[37] After Beck was a guest of honor at one of these seminars, he cited Charles Koch as a source in connection with climate change.[38]

Significance

One 1997 study by the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy[39] identified 12 American foundations that have had a key influence on US public policy since the 1960s, particularly via their support for the Heritage Foundation, American Enterprise Institute and Cato Institute.[40] Three of these 12 are Koch Family Foundations (Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, David H. Koch Charitable Foundation).[40][41] Charles Koch co-founded the Cato Institute, whilst David Koch sits on its board.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mayer, Jane (2010-08-30). "Covert Operations: The billionaire brothers who are waging a war against Obama". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications.
  2. ^ a b c Zernike, Kate (October 19, 2010). "Secretive Republican Donors Are Planning Ahead". New York Times. Cite error: The named reference "Zernike" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Matt (September 2, 2010). "Koch Brothers Donate to Charity as well as 'Right Wing Causes".
  4. ^ Koch, Charles. "U.S. Economic Prosperity Demands More Freedom". Kansas City Star. Kansas City Star. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  5. ^ http://www.kochfacts.com/opposition-to-communism.php
  6. ^ a b c d Jane Mayer. "Covert Operations: The billionaire brothers who are waging a war against Obama". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
  7. ^ Kerby, Phil (September 13, 1979). "The Libertarians: Freedom to a Fault?". Los Angeles Times. p. D1. {{cite news}}: |section= ignored (help)
  8. ^ a b c Curtis, Charlotte (1984-10-16). "Man Without a Candidate". New York Times.
  9. ^ Mayer, Jane (2010-08-26). "The Brothers Koch: Rich, Political And Playing To Win". Fresh Air.
  10. ^ "Advocates for Self-Government - Libertarian Education". Server.theadvocates.org. 1992-05-16. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
  11. ^ "Jane Mayer's Sources with Undisclosed Biases and Potential Conflicts of Interest" (PDF). Koch Industries. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  12. ^ Hicks, Lynn. "'Koch Brothers' confusion results in death threat for Iowa company". DesMoines Register. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  13. ^ Baier, Bret (2011-04-21). "Obama Faces the Music". Fox News. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
  14. ^ "25 Years at Cato" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  15. ^ Brian Doherty (2008). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. PublicAffairs. p. 410. ISBN 1586485725. One longtime Koch lieutenant characterized the overall strategy of Koch's libertarian funding over the years with both a theatrical metaphor and an Austrian capital theory one: Politicians, ultimately, are just actors playing out a script. The idea is, one gets better and quicker results aiming not at the actors but at the scriptwriters, to help supply the themes and words for the scripts—to try to influence the areas where policy ideas percolate from: academia and think tanks. Ideas, then, are the capital goods that go into building policy as a finished product—and there are insufficient libertarian capital goods at the top of the structure of production to build the policies libertarians demand.
  16. ^ "Charles G. Koch Summer Fellow Program". Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University. Retrieved 2010-09-10. The Charles G. Koch Summer Fellow Program combines a paid public policy internship with two career skills seminars and weekly policy lectures. You'll gain real-world experience, take a crash course in market-based policy analysis, and hone your professional skills. The intensive ten-week program begins in June and includes a $1,500 stipend and a housing allowance.
  17. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions | Institute For Humane Studies". Theihs.org. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
  18. ^ Stephen Moore (May 6, 2006). "The Weekend Interview with Charles Koch: Private Enterprise". The Wall Street Journal. p. A.8.
  19. ^ Pam Martens, CounterPunch, 19 October 2010, The Koch Empire and Americans for Prosperity
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hamburger, Tom (2011-02-06). "Koch brothers now at heart of GOP power". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 2011-02-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b c Peter Overby (2011-02-25). "Billionaire Brothers In Spotlight In Wis. Union Battle". National Public Radio.
  22. ^ a b "Koch Industries, Inc. - Leadership". Koch Industries. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
  23. ^ The Tea Party movement: deluded and inspired by billionaires, George Monbiot, The Guardian, 25 Oct. 2010.
  24. ^ a b http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?year=2009&lname=Koch+Industries&id= Center For Responsive Politics, www.opensecrets.org
  25. ^ Cato Institute, Board of Directors, accessed 1 Feb 2011
  26. ^ "Advancing Market-Based Public Policy". kochind.com. Koch Industries. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  27. ^ Vogel, Kenneth (2011-02-11). "Kochs brothers' plan for 2012: raise $88 million". Politico. Allbritton Communications Company. Retrieved 2011-02-11. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ a b "Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker: Funded by the Koch Bros". Mother Jones. 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2011-04-15. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ a b Eric Lipton (2011-02-21). "Billionaire Brothers' Money Plays Role in Wisconsin Dispute". New York Times.
  30. ^ Continetti, Matthew (April 4, 2011). "The Paranoid Style in Liberal Politics". The Weekly Standard.
  31. ^ Vidal, John (30 March 2010). "US oil company donated millions to climate skeptic groups, says Greenpeace". The Guardian. London.
  32. ^ "Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine". Global Warming. Washington: Greenpeace. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
  33. ^ Center For Responsive Politics, www.opensecrets.org
  34. ^ Margot Roosevelt, 31 March 2011, Los Angeles Times, Berkeley scientists' climate data review puts them at center of national debate
  35. ^ Berkeley project seeks to resolve climate change debate, California Watch, March 1, 2011.
  36. ^ NPR, New Group Tied To Oil Industry Runs Ads Promoting Drilling, Attacking Democrat
  37. ^ Charles G. Koch (2010-09-24). "Invitation to Seminar, Understanding and Addressing Threats to American Free Enterprise and Prosperity" (PDF).
  38. ^ Kate Shepard (2011-02-04). "The Koch Brothers' Vast Right-Wing Media Conspiracy".
  39. ^ Sally Covington, Moving A Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations, Washington, DC: National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, 1997.
  40. ^ a b Behan, Richard W. (2004), "Degenerate Democracy: The Neoliberal and Corporate Capture of America's Agenda", Public Land & Resources Law Review, Vol. 24, pp. 9-24. p19
  41. ^ The others are the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, John M. Olin Foundation, Carthage Foundation (controlled by Richard Mellon Scaife), Earhart Foundation, Philip M. McKenna Foundation, JM Foundation, Henry Salvatori Foundation, Sarah Scaife Foundation, Smith Richardson Foundation. (Behan 2004:19)
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