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According to the [[Department of Homeland Security]], the DHS "Developed and executed the '''Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative''' (CFDI) which extends our protection strategy overseas to include important foreign infrastructure that if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S. The prioritized National Critical Foreign Dependencies List (NCFDL) currently contains over 300 assets and systems in over 50 countries."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1220878057557.shtm|title=Fact Sheet: Critical Infrastructure and Homeland Security Protection Accomplishments|date=2008-09-05|publisher=Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> According to the 2009 [[National Infrastructure Protection Plan]], the CFDI was launched by the Federal Government "working in close coordination and cooperation with the private sector" in 2007 "to identify assets and systems located outside the United States, which, if disrupted or destroyed, would critically affect public health and safety, the economy, or national security. The resulting strategic compendium guides engagement with foreign countries in the CIKR [critical infrastructure and key resources] protection mission area".<ref name=NIPP>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA502695|title=National Infrastructure Protection Plan|publisher=Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology, Washington DC|date=2009-00-00}}</ref> Using an initial inventory of infrastructure located outside the United States created by the federal government, DHS and the Department of State developed the CFDI, "a process designed to ensure that the resulting classified list of critical foreign dependencies is representative and leveraged in a coordinated and inclusive manner."<ref name=NIPP />
#redirect [[United States Department of Homeland Security]]

Development of the CFDI was planned in three phases, which are done on an annual and ongoing basis. The first was identification, beginning with "the first-ever National Critical Foreign
Dependencies List in FY2008". This was done by the DHS working with "other Federal partners", in a process that "includes input from public and private sector CIKR community partners." Next comes prioritization, in which "DHS, in collaboration with other CIKR community partners and, in particular, DOS, prioritized the National Critical Foreign Dependencies List based on factors such as the overall criticality of the CIKR to the United States and the willingness and capability of foreign partners to engage in collaborative risk management activities." The third "involves leveraging the prioritized list to guide current and future U.S. bilateral
and multilateral incident and risk management activities with foreign partners. DHS and DOS established mechanisms to ensure coordinated engagement and collaboration by public entities, in partnership with the private sector."<ref name=NIPP />

==Disclosure via Wikileaks==
The "2008 Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) list" was contained in a February 2009 diplomatic cable to the U.S. Secretary of State which was leaked and released in the [[United States diplomatic cables leak]] by [[Wikileaks]] in 2010. Described by the BBC as "one of the most sensitive" leaks as of December 6, 2010, WikiLeaks had removed details of names and locations, but much was still revealed. The list did not include any military facilities, but rather facilities important for the global supply chain, global communications, and economically important goods and services.<ref name="BBC06">{{Cite news |author= Kendall, Bridget |title= Wikileaks: site list reveals US sensitivities |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/11932041 |work= BBC News |date= December 6, 2010 |accessdate= December 8, 2010 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/5uoxgrdN5 |archivedate= December 8, 2010}}</ref>
In the cable the State Department requested American diplomats to identify installations overseas "whose loss could critically impact the public health, economic security, and/or national and homeland security of the United States."<ref name="CNN07">{{Cite news |author= Lister, Tim |title= WikiLeaks lists sites key to U.S. security |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/12/06/wikileaks/?hpt=Sbin |publisher= CNN |date= December 7, 2010 |accessdate= December 8, 2010 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/5uoyXENa1 |archivedate= December 8, 2010}}</ref> The order was under the direction of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department for Homeland Security]] in co-ordination with the Department of State.<ref name="Australian06">{{Cite news |author= Haynes, Deborah; Mostrous, Alexi; Whittell, Giles |title= Wikileaks lists 'targets for terror' against US |url= http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/wikileaks/wikileaks-lists-targets-for-terror-against-us/story-fn775xjq-1225966496899 |work= [[Times Online]] |publisher= [[The Australian]] |date= December 7, 2010 |accessdate= December 8, 2010 |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/5up0AdST7 |archivedate= December 8, 2010}}</ref>

In summary the list consists of [[Submarine communications cable]]s, major port hubs, critical sea lanes, oil pipelines, mines, dams, and [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical facilities]]. References to the [[Bosporus Strait]] and civil [[nuclear power plant]]s were notably absent. A heavy emphasis on European pharmaceutical facilities was said by the BBC to suggest a fear of biological warfare or global pandemic.<ref name="BBC06"/>

The publishing of this particular cable which had been classified secret and not for review by non-U.S. personnel,<ref name="CNN07"/> has been followed by strong criticism. US State Department spokesman [[P.J. Crowley]] denounced the disclosure saying it "gives a group like al-Qaeda a targeting list."<ref name="CNN07"/> British prime minister [[David Cameron]] stated that the list was damaging to the national security of both his country and the United States, "and elsewhere".

WikiLeaks spokeswoman [[Kristinn Hrafnsson]] said with reference to the cable: "This further undermines claims made by the US Government that its embassy officials do not play an intelligence-gathering role. Part of the cable read: "Posts are not/not being asked to consult with host governments with respect to this request."<ref name="Australian06"/>

==List of critical foreign dependencies==
The 2008 CFDI list, as redacted by Wikileaks, listed the following infrastructures:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://213.251.145.96/cable/2009/02/09STATE15113.html|title=Viewing cable 09STATE15113, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION:CRITICAL FOREIGN DEPENDENCIES (CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND KEY RESOURCES LOCATED ABROAD)|publisher=Wikileaks|date=2009-02-18}}</ref>
===Africa===
====Congo (Kinshasa)====
*[[Cobalt]] (Mine and Plant)
====Gabon====
*[[Manganese]] - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
====Guinea====
*[[Bauxite]] (Mine)
====South Africa====
*[[BAE Systems Land & Armaments|BAE Land System OMC]], Benoni, South Africa
*[[David Brown Ltd.|Brown David Gear Industries LTD]], Benoni, South Africa<ref>Presumably David Brown Gear Industries site in Benoni: {{cite web|url=http://www.davidbrown.com/za/south-africa.php|title=David Brown Gear Industries (Pty) Ltd}}</ref>
*[[Bushveld Igneous Complex|Bushveld Complex]] (chromite mine)
**[[Ferrochromium]]
**[[Manganese]] - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
**[[Palladium]] Mine and Plant
**[[Platinum]] Mines
**[[Rhodium]]

===East Asia and the Pacific===
====Australia====
*[[Southern Cross Cable|Southern Cross undersea cable]] landing, Brookvale, Australia
*Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Sydney, Australia
*Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
*Nickel Mines
*Maybe Faulding Mulgrave<ref>"Maybe" is an apparent typo for Mayne Pharma, which purchased F H Faulding in 2001. ({{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/business/wikileaks-cables-reveals-australian-terror-targets/story-e6frfm1i-1225966699674|title=WikiLeaks terror target list 'out of date'|author=Jane Lee|publisher=news.com.au|date=2010-12-07}}) Faulding had previously purchased DBL and taken over its Mulgrave operation. ({{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Vwq2Hr7CzIoC&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122|title=Understanding organizational change|author=Patrick Dawson|year=2003}})</ref> Victoria, Australia: Manufacturing facility for [[Midazolam]] injection.
*[[Mayne Pharma]] (fill/finish), Melbourne, Australia: Sole suppliers of [[Crotalid]] [[Polyvalent]] [[Antivenin]] ([[CroFab]]).

====China====
*[[EAC-C2C (cable system)|C2C Cable Network]] undersea cable landing, Chom Hom Kok, Hong Kong
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing Shanghai, China
*[[CUCN (cable system)|China-US undersea cable]] landing, Chongming, China
*China-US undersea cable landing Shantou, China
*[[EAC-C2C (cable system)|EAC]] undersea cable landing Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
*FLAG/[[RNAL (cable system)|REACH North Asia Loop]] undersea cable landing Tong Fuk, Hong Kong
*Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
*[[Fluorspar]] (Mine)
*[[Germanium]] Mine
*[[Graphite]] Mine
*[[rare earth|Rare Earth]] Minerals/Elements
*[[Tin]] Mine and Plant
*[[Tungsten]] - Mine and Plant
*[[Polypropylene]] Filter Material for [[N 95 mask|N-95 Masks]]
*[[Shanghai Port]]
*[[Port of Guangzhou|Guangzhou Port]]
*[[Port of Hong Kong|Hong Kong Port]]
*[[Port of Ningbo|Ningbo Port]]
*[[Tianjin Port]]

====Fiji====
*Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Suva, Fiji
====Indonesia====
*Tin Mine and Plant
*Straits of Malacca
====Japan====
*[[EAC-C2C (cable system)|C2C Cable Network]] undersea cable landing, Chikura, Japan
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Shima, Japan
*[[CUCN (cable system)|China-US undersea cable]], Okinawa, Japan
*[[EAC-C2C (cable system)|EAC undersea cable]] landing Ajigaura, Japan
*EAC undersea cable landing Shima, Japan
*FLAG/[[RNAL (cable system)|REACH North Asia Loop]] undersea cable landing Wada, Japan
*FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Wada, Japan
*[[Japan-US (cable system)|Japan-US undersea cable]] landing, Maruyama, Japan
*Japan-US undersea cable landing Kitaibaraki, Japan
*[[KJCN]] undersea cable landing Fukuoka, Japan
*KJCN undersea cable landing Kita-Kyushu, Japan
*Pacific Crossing-1 ([[PC-1]]) undersea cable landing Ajigaura, Japan
*Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) undersea cable landing Shima, Japan
*[[Tyco Transpacific]] undersea cable landing, Toyohashi, Japan
*Tyco Transpacific undersea cable landing Emi, Japan
*[[Hitachi]], Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators [[Port of Chiba]] [[Port of Kobe]] [[Port of Nagoya]] [[Port of Yokohama]] [[Iodine]] Mine Metal Fabrication Machines [[Titanium]] Metal (Processed) Biken, Kanonji City, Japan
*Hitachi Electrical Power Generators and Components Large AC Generators above 40 MVA

====Malaysia====
*[[Straits of Malacca]]
====New Zealand====
*Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Whenuapai, New Zealand
*Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Takapuna, New Zealand
====Philippines====
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Batangas, Philippines
*EAC undersea cable landing Cavite, Philippines
====Republic of Korea====
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
*EAC undersea cable landing Shindu-Ri, Republic of Korea
*FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
*KJCN undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
*Hitachi Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV Busan Port
====Singapore====
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore
*EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore
*[[Port of Singapore]]
*Straits of Malacca
====Taiwan====
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Fangshan, Taiwan
*C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Tanshui, Taiwan
*China-US undersea cable landing Fangshan, Taiwan
*EAC undersea cable landing Pa Li, Taiwan
*FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Toucheng, Taiwan
*[[Port of Kaohsiung|Kaohsiung Port]]

===Europe and Eurasia===
====Europe (Unspecified)====
Metal Fabrication Machines: Small number of Turkish companies ([[Durma]], [[Baykal]], *[[Ermaksan]])
====Austria====
*[[Baxter International|Baxter AG]], Vienna, Austria: [[Intravenous immunoglobulin|Immune Globulin Intravenous]] (IGIV)<ref>Baxter International's Vienna (Wien-Donaustadt) site conducts the plasma fractionation and production of immunoglobulins. {{cite web|url=http://www.baxter.at/herstellung/pharmazeutische_produktion_fertigung.html|title=Pharmazeutische Produktion & Fertigung}}</ref>
*[[Octapharma]] Pharmazeutika, Vienna, Austria: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)

====Azerbaijan====
*[[Sangachal Terminal]]
*[[Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline]]
====Belarus====
*[[Druzhba pipeline|Druzhba Oil Pipeline]]

====Belgium====
*[[Germanium]] Mine
*[[Baxter International|Baxter]] SA, Lessines, Belgium: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
*[[Glaxo Smith Kline]], Rixensart, Belgium: [[Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Component]]
*GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA, Wavre, Belgium: Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Component
*[[Port of Antwerp]]

====Denmark====
*[TAT-14]] undersea cable landing, Blaabjerg, Denmark
*[[Bavarian Nordic]] (BN), Hejreskovvej, Kvistgard, Denmark: [[Smallpox]] Vaccine
*[[Novo Nordisk]] Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Numerous formulations of [[insulin]]
*Novo Nordisk Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies
*[[Statens Serum Institut]], Copenhagen, Denmark: [[DTaP]] (including D and T components) pediatric version
====France====
*[[Apollo (cable system)|APOLLO undersea cable]], Lannion, France
*[[Fiber-Optic_Link_Around_the_Globe#Segment_FLAG_Atlantic_1_.28FA-1.29|FA-1 undersea cable]], Plerin, France
*[[TAT-14]] undersea cable landing St. Valery, France
*[[Sanofi-Aventis]] Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing
*[[Alstrom]], Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
*Alstrom Electrical Power Generators and Components
*[[EMD Pharms]] Semoy, France: Cyanokit Injection
*GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Evreux, France: Influenza neurominidase inhibitor RELENZA (Zanamivir)
*[[Diagast]], Cedex, France: Olympus (impacts blood typing ability)
*[[Genzyme]] Polyclonals SAS (bulk), Lyon, France: [[Thymoglobulin]]
*Sanofi Pasteur SA, Lyon, France: [[Rabies]] virus vaccine

====Georgia====
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline
====Germany====
*TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Nodren, Germany.
*Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Sylt, Germany
*[[BASF]] Ludwigshafen: World's largest integrated chemical complex
*[[Siemens]] Erlangen: Essentially irreplaceable production of key chemicals
*Siemens, GE, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
*[[Draeger#Dr.C3.A4ger_Safety_AG_.26_Co._KGaA|Draeger Safety AG & Co.]], Luebeck, Germany: Critical to gas detection capability
*[[Junghans|Junghans Fienwerktechnik]] Schramberg, Germany: Critical to the production of mortars<ref>See {{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/contractors/ammunition/junghans/|title=Junghans Feinwerktechnik - Modern Fuzes for Today's Armed Forces|publisher=army-technology.com}}</ref>
*[[TDW|TDW-Gasellschaft Wirksysteme]], Schroebenhausen, Germany: Critical to the production of the [[MIM-104_Patriot#MIM-104F_.28PAC-3.29|Patriot Advanced Capability Lethality Enhancement Assembly]]
*Siemens, Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV
*Siemens, GE Electrical Power Generators and Components
*[[Druzhba pipeline|Druzhba Oil Pipeline]]
*Sanofi Aventis Frankfurt am Main, Germany: [[Lantus]] Injection (insulin)
*[[Heyl Chemish-pharmazeutische Fabrik]] GmbH: [[Radiogardase]] ([[Prussian blue]])
*[[Hameln Pharmaceuticals]], Hameln, Germany: [[Pentetate]] Calcium Trisodium (Ca DTPA) and Pentetate Zinc Trisodium (Zn DTPA) for contamination with plutonium, americium, and curium
*[[IDT Biologika]] GmbH, Dessau Rossiau, Germany: BN Small Pox Vaccine.
*[[Biotest AG]], Dreiech, Germany: Supplier for TANGO (impacts automated blood typing ability)
*[[CSL Behring]] GmbH, Marburg, Germany: Antihemophilic factor/[[von Willebrand factor]]
*[[Novartis]] Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH, Marburg, Germany: Rabies virus vaccine
*[[Vetter Pharma Fertigung]] GmbH & Co KG, Ravensburg, Germany (filling): Rho(D) IGIV
*[[Port of Hamburg]]

====Ireland====
*[[Hibernia Atlantic]] undersea cable landing, Dublin Ireland
*[[Genzyme]] Ireland Ltd. (filling), Waterford, Ireland: [[Thymoglobulin]]

====Italy====
*Glaxo Smith Kline SpA (fill/finish), Parma, Italy: [[Digibind]] (used to treat snake bites)
*[[Trans-Med gas pipeline]]
====Netherlands====
*Atlantic Crossing-1 ([[AC-1]]) undersea cable landing Beverwijk, Netherlands
*TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Katwijk, Netherlands
*[[Port of Rotterdam|Rotterdam Port]]

====Norway====
*Cobalt Nickel Mine
====Poland====
*Druzhba Oil Pipeline
====Russia====
*[[Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port|Novorossiysk Export Terminal]]
*[[Primorsk Oil Port|Primorsk Export Terminal]].
*[[Yamal–Europe pipeline|Nadym Gas Pipeline Junction]]: The most critical gas facility in the world
*[[Uranium]] [[Nickel]] Mine: Used in certain types of stainless steel and superalloys
*[[Palladium]] Mine and Plant
*[[Rhodium]]

====Spain====
*[[Strait of Gibraltar]]
*Instituto [[Grifols]], SA, Barcelona, Spain: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
*[[Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline|Maghreb-Europe (GME) gas pipeline]], Algeria

====Sweden====
*[[Recip]] AB Sweden: [[Thyrosafe]] ([[potassium iodide|potassium iodine]])
====Switzerland====
*[[Hoffman-LaRoche]], Inc. Basel, Switzerland: [[Tamiflu]] (oseltamivir)
*[[Berna Biotech]], Berne, Switzerland: [[Typhoid]] vaccine
*[[CSL Behring]] AG, Berne, Switzerland: Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV)
====Turkey====
*Metal Fabrication Machines: Small number of Turkish companies ([[Durma]], [[Baykal]], [[Ermaksan]])
*[[Bosporus]] Strait
*Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline
====Ukraine====
*Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
====United Kingdom====
*[[Goonhilly Satellite Earth Station|Goonhilly Teleport]], Goonhilly Downs, United Kingdom
*[[Madley Communications Centre|Madley Teleport]], Stone Street, Madley, United Kingdom
*[[Martelsham Teleport]], Ipswich, United Kingdom
*[[Apollo (cable system)|APOLLO undersea cable]] landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom
*Atlantic Crossing-1 ([[AC-1]]) undersea cable landing Whitesands Bay
*[[FA-1 (cable system)|FA-1 undersea cable]] landing Skewjack, Cornwall Station
*[[Hibernia Atlantic]] undersea cable landing, Southport, United Kingdom
*[[TAT-14]] undersea cable landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom
*[[Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable]] landing, Highbridge, United Kingdom
*Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable landing, Pottington, United Kingdom.
*Yellow/Atlantic Crossing-2 ([[AC-2]]) undersea cable landing Bude, United Kingdom
*Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing
*[[BAE Systems]] (Operations) Ltd., Presont, Lancashire, United Kingdom: Critical to the [[F-35 Joint Strike Fighter]]
*BAE Systems Operations Ltd., Southway, Plymouth Devon, United Kingdom: Critical to [[extended range guided munitions]]
*BAE Systems RO Defense, Chorley, United Kingdom: Critical to the [[Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) [[AGM-154C]] (Unitary Variant)
*MacTaggart Scott, Loanhead, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom: Critical to the [[Ship Submersible Nuclear]] (SSN)

===Near/Middle East===
====Djibouti====
*[[Bab-el-Mandeb|Bab al-Mendeb]]: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node

====Egypt====
*[['Ayn Sukhnah]]-[[Sumed pipeline|SuMEd]] Receiving Import Terminal
*[['Sidi Kurayr]]-SuMed Offloading Export Terminal Suez Canal

====Iran====
*[[Strait of Hormuz]]
*[[Kharg Island|Khark (Kharg) Island]]
*[[Sea Island Export Terminal]]
*[[National Iranian Oil Company|Khark Island T-Jetty]]

====Iraq====
*Al-Basrah Oil Terminal
====Israel====
*[[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Rafael]] Ordnance Systems Division, Haifa, Israel: Critical to [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon|Sensor Fused Weapons]] (SFW), [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]]s (WCMD), Tail Kits, and batteries

====Kuwait====
*Mina' al Ahmadi Export Terminal
====Morocco====
*[[Strait of Gibraltar]]
*Maghreb-Europe (GME) gas pipeline, Morocco
====Oman====
*[[Strait of Hormuz]]
====Qatar====
*[[Ras Laffan Industrial City|Ras Laffan Industrial Center]]: By 2012 Qatar will be the largest source of imported [[liquid natural gas|LNG]] to U.S.

====Saudi Arabia====
*[[Abqaiq]] Processing Center: Largest crude oil processing and stabilization plant in the world
*[[Al Ju'aymah Export Terminal]]: Part of the [[Ras Tanura]] complex
*[[Safaniya Oil Field|As Saffaniyah Processing Center]]
*[[Qatif Project|Qatif Pipeline Junction]]
*Ras at [[Tanajib|Tanaqib]] Processing Center
*[[Ras Tanura]] Export Terminal
*[[Shaybah]] Central Gas-oil Separation Plant

====Tunisia====
*[[Trans-Med gas pipeline|Trans-Med Gas Pipeline]]

====United Arab Emirates (UAE)====
*[[Das Island]] Export Terminal
*[[Jabal Zannah Export Terminal]]
*[[Strait of Hormuz]]

====Yemen====
*Bab al-Mendeb: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node

===South and Central Asia===
====Kazakhstan====
*Ferrochromium Khromtau Complex, Kempersai, (Chromite Mine)
====India====
*[[Orissa]] (chromite mines) and [[Karnataka]] (chromite mines)
*[[Generamedix Gujurat]], India: Chemotherapy agents, including florouracil and methotrexate
===Western Hemisphere===
====Argentina====
*Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing
====Bermuda====
*[[Atlantica-1|GlobeNet]] (formerly Bermuda US-1 (BUS-1) undersea cable landing Devonshire, Bermuda

====Brazil====
*[[Americas II|Americas-II]] undersea cable landing Fortaleza, Brazil
*[[Atlantica-1|GlobeNet]] undersea cable landing Fortaleza, Brazil
*GlobeNet undersea cable landing Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*Iron Ore from [[Corumbá (mine)|Rio Tinto Mine]] Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
*Niobium (Columbium), [[Araxá|Araxa]], [[Minas Gerais]] State (mine)
*[[Ouvidor]] and [[Catalão|Catalao]] I, [[Goiás|Goias]] State: Niobium

====Chile====
*Iodine Mine
====Canada====
*Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing Halifax , Nova Scotia, Canada
*[[James Bay Project|James Bay Power Project]], Quebec: monumental hydroelectric power development
*[[Mica Dam]], British Columbia: Failure would impact the Columbia River Basin.
*[[Hydro Quebec]], Quebec: Critical irreplaceable source of power to portions of Northeast U. S.
*[[Robert Moses/Robert H. Saunders]] Power, Ontario: Part of the St. Lawrence Power Project, between Barnhart Island, New York, and Cornwall, Ontario
*[[Seven Mile Dam]], British Columbia: Concrete gravity dam between two other hydropower dams along the Pend d'Oreille River
*[[Pickering Nuclear Power Plant]], Ontario, Canada
*[[Chalk River Laboratories|Chalk River Nuclear Facility]], Ontario: Largest supplier of medical radioisotopes in the world
*[[Hydrofluoric Acid]] Production Facility, [[Allied Signal]], Amherstburg, Ontario
*[[Enbridge Pipeline System|Enbridge Pipeline Alliance Pipeline]]: Natural gas transmission from Canada Maritime and Northeast Pipeline: Natural gas transmission from Canada
*[[TransCanada pipeline|Transcanada Gas]]: Natural gas transmission from Canada
*[[Alexandria Bay POE]], Ontario: Northern border crossing
*[[Ambassador Bridge POE]], Ontario: Northern border crossing
*[[Blaine POE]], British Columbia: Northern border crossing
*[[Blaine Washington Rail Crossing]], British Columbia
*[[Blue Water Bridge POE]], Ontario: Northern border crossing
*[[Champlain POE, Quebec]]: Northern border crossing
*[[CPR Tunnel Rail Crossing]], Ontario (Michigan Central Rail Crossing)
*International Bridge Rail Crossing, Ontario International Railway Bridge Rail Crossing
*[[Lewiston-Queenstown POE]], Ontario: Northern border crossing
*[[Peace Bridge POE]], Ontario: Northern border crossing
*[[Pembina POE]], Manitoba: Northern border crossing
*[[North Portal Rail Crossing]], Saskatchewan
*[[St. Claire Tunnel Rail Crossing]], Ontario
*[[Waneta Dam]], British Columbia: Earthfill/concrete hydropower dam
*[[Darlington Nuclear Generating Station|Darlington Nuclear Power Plant]], Ontario, Canada.
*[[E-ONE Moli Energy]], Maple Ridge, Canada: Critical to production of various military application electronics
*[[General Dynamics Land Systems]] - Canada, London Ontario, Canada: Critical to the production of the [[Stryker]]/USMC LAV Vehicle Integration
*[[Raytheon Systems]] Canada Ltd. [[ELCAN]] Optical Technologies Division, Midland, Ontario, Canada: Critical to the production of the [[AGM-130]] Missile
*[[Thales Optronics|Thales Optronique Canada]], Inc., Montreal, Quebec: Critical optical systems for ground combat vehicles
*[[Germanium]] Mine
*[[Graphite]] Mine
*[[Iron Ore]] Mine
*[[Nickel]] Mine
*[[Niobec Mine]], Quebec, Canada: Niobium
*[[Cangene]], Winnipeg, Manitoba: Plasma
*Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, Canada: [[Polio]] virus vaccine
*GlaxoSmithKile Biologicals, North America, Quebec, Canada: Pre-pandemic influenza vaccines

====French Guiana====
*Americas-II undersea cable landing Cayenne, French Guiana
====Martinique====
*Americas-II undersea cable landing Le Lamentin, Martinique
====Mexico====
*FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Tijuana, Mexico
*Pan-American Crossing (PAC) undersea cable landing Mazatlan, Mexico
*[[Amistad Reservoir|Amistad International Dam]]: On the Rio Grande near Del Rio, Texas and Ciudad Acuna, Coahuila, Mexico
*[[Anzalduas Dam]]: Diversion dam south of Mission, Texas, operated jointly by the U.S. and Mexico for flood control
*[[Falcon International Reservoir|Falcon International Dam]]: Upstream of Roma, Texas and Miguel Aleman, Tamaulipas, Mexico
*[[Retamal Dam]]: Diversion dam south of Weslaco, Texas, operated jointly by the U.S. and Mexico for flood control
*[[General Electric|GE]] Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators: Main source for a large portion of larger components
*[[Bridge of the Americas]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Brownsville POE]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Calexico East POE]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Columbia Solidarity Bridge]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Kansas City Southern de Mexico]] (KCSM) Rail Line, (Mexico)
*[[Nogales POE]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Texas Mexican Railway International Bridge|Laredo Rail Crossing]]
*[[Union Pacific International Railroad Bridge (Eagle Pass – Piedras Negras)|Eagle Pass Rail Crossing]]
*[[Otay Mesa Crossing]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Pharr–Reynosa International Bridge|Pharr International Bridge]]: Southern border crossing
*[[World Trade Bridge]]: Southern border crossing
*[[Ysleta Zaragosa Bridge]]: Southern border crossing
*Hydrofluoric Acid Production Facility
*Graphite Mine
*GE Electrical Power Generators and Components
*General Electric, Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV

====Netherlands Antilles====
*Americas-II undersea cable landing Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles.
====Panama====
*FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Fort Amador, Panama Panama Canal
====Peru====
*Tin Mine and Plant
====Trinidad and Tobago====
*Americas-II undersea cable landing Port of Spain
*[[Atlantic LNG]]: Provides 70% of U.S. natural gas import needs
====Venezuela====
*Americas-II undersea cable landing Camuri, Venezuela
*GlobeNet undersea cable landing, Punta Gorda, Venezuela
*GlobeNet undersea cable landing Catia La Mar, Venezuela
*GlobeNet undersea cable landing Manonga, Venezuela
== References ==
<references />


[[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security]]
[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Revision as of 01:10, 9 December 2010

According to the Department of Homeland Security, the DHS "Developed and executed the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) which extends our protection strategy overseas to include important foreign infrastructure that if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S. The prioritized National Critical Foreign Dependencies List (NCFDL) currently contains over 300 assets and systems in over 50 countries."[1] According to the 2009 National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the CFDI was launched by the Federal Government "working in close coordination and cooperation with the private sector" in 2007 "to identify assets and systems located outside the United States, which, if disrupted or destroyed, would critically affect public health and safety, the economy, or national security. The resulting strategic compendium guides engagement with foreign countries in the CIKR [critical infrastructure and key resources] protection mission area".[2] Using an initial inventory of infrastructure located outside the United States created by the federal government, DHS and the Department of State developed the CFDI, "a process designed to ensure that the resulting classified list of critical foreign dependencies is representative and leveraged in a coordinated and inclusive manner."[2]

Development of the CFDI was planned in three phases, which are done on an annual and ongoing basis. The first was identification, beginning with "the first-ever National Critical Foreign Dependencies List in FY2008". This was done by the DHS working with "other Federal partners", in a process that "includes input from public and private sector CIKR community partners." Next comes prioritization, in which "DHS, in collaboration with other CIKR community partners and, in particular, DOS, prioritized the National Critical Foreign Dependencies List based on factors such as the overall criticality of the CIKR to the United States and the willingness and capability of foreign partners to engage in collaborative risk management activities." The third "involves leveraging the prioritized list to guide current and future U.S. bilateral and multilateral incident and risk management activities with foreign partners. DHS and DOS established mechanisms to ensure coordinated engagement and collaboration by public entities, in partnership with the private sector."[2]

Disclosure via Wikileaks

The "2008 Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) list" was contained in a February 2009 diplomatic cable to the U.S. Secretary of State which was leaked and released in the United States diplomatic cables leak by Wikileaks in 2010. Described by the BBC as "one of the most sensitive" leaks as of December 6, 2010, WikiLeaks had removed details of names and locations, but much was still revealed. The list did not include any military facilities, but rather facilities important for the global supply chain, global communications, and economically important goods and services.[3] In the cable the State Department requested American diplomats to identify installations overseas "whose loss could critically impact the public health, economic security, and/or national and homeland security of the United States."[4] The order was under the direction of the Department for Homeland Security in co-ordination with the Department of State.[5]

In summary the list consists of Submarine communications cables, major port hubs, critical sea lanes, oil pipelines, mines, dams, and pharmaceutical facilities. References to the Bosporus Strait and civil nuclear power plants were notably absent. A heavy emphasis on European pharmaceutical facilities was said by the BBC to suggest a fear of biological warfare or global pandemic.[3]

The publishing of this particular cable which had been classified secret and not for review by non-U.S. personnel,[4] has been followed by strong criticism. US State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley denounced the disclosure saying it "gives a group like al-Qaeda a targeting list."[4] British prime minister David Cameron stated that the list was damaging to the national security of both his country and the United States, "and elsewhere".

WikiLeaks spokeswoman Kristinn Hrafnsson said with reference to the cable: "This further undermines claims made by the US Government that its embassy officials do not play an intelligence-gathering role. Part of the cable read: "Posts are not/not being asked to consult with host governments with respect to this request."[5]

List of critical foreign dependencies

The 2008 CFDI list, as redacted by Wikileaks, listed the following infrastructures:[6]

Africa

Congo (Kinshasa)

Gabon

  • Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade

Guinea

South Africa

East Asia and the Pacific

Australia

  • Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Brookvale, Australia
  • Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Sydney, Australia
  • Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
  • Nickel Mines
  • Maybe Faulding Mulgrave[8] Victoria, Australia: Manufacturing facility for Midazolam injection.
  • Mayne Pharma (fill/finish), Melbourne, Australia: Sole suppliers of Crotalid Polyvalent Antivenin (CroFab).

China

Fiji

  • Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Suva, Fiji

Indonesia

  • Tin Mine and Plant
  • Straits of Malacca

Japan

  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Chikura, Japan
  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Shima, Japan
  • China-US undersea cable, Okinawa, Japan
  • EAC undersea cable landing Ajigaura, Japan
  • EAC undersea cable landing Shima, Japan
  • FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Wada, Japan
  • FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Wada, Japan
  • Japan-US undersea cable landing, Maruyama, Japan
  • Japan-US undersea cable landing Kitaibaraki, Japan
  • KJCN undersea cable landing Fukuoka, Japan
  • KJCN undersea cable landing Kita-Kyushu, Japan
  • Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) undersea cable landing Ajigaura, Japan
  • Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) undersea cable landing Shima, Japan
  • Tyco Transpacific undersea cable landing, Toyohashi, Japan
  • Tyco Transpacific undersea cable landing Emi, Japan
  • Hitachi, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators Port of Chiba Port of Kobe Port of Nagoya Port of Yokohama Iodine Mine Metal Fabrication Machines Titanium Metal (Processed) Biken, Kanonji City, Japan
  • Hitachi Electrical Power Generators and Components Large AC Generators above 40 MVA

Malaysia

New Zealand

  • Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Whenuapai, New Zealand
  • Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Takapuna, New Zealand

Philippines

  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Batangas, Philippines
  • EAC undersea cable landing Cavite, Philippines

Republic of Korea

  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
  • EAC undersea cable landing Shindu-Ri, Republic of Korea
  • FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
  • KJCN undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
  • Hitachi Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV Busan Port

Singapore

  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore
  • EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore
  • Port of Singapore
  • Straits of Malacca

Taiwan

  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Fangshan, Taiwan
  • C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Tanshui, Taiwan
  • China-US undersea cable landing Fangshan, Taiwan
  • EAC undersea cable landing Pa Li, Taiwan
  • FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Toucheng, Taiwan
  • Kaohsiung Port

Europe and Eurasia

Europe (Unspecified)

Metal Fabrication Machines: Small number of Turkish companies (Durma, Baykal, *Ermaksan)

Austria

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Belgium

Denmark

  • [TAT-14]] undersea cable landing, Blaabjerg, Denmark
  • Bavarian Nordic (BN), Hejreskovvej, Kvistgard, Denmark: Smallpox Vaccine
  • Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Numerous formulations of insulin
  • Novo Nordisk Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies
  • Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark: DTaP (including D and T components) pediatric version

France

  • APOLLO undersea cable, Lannion, France
  • FA-1 undersea cable, Plerin, France
  • TAT-14 undersea cable landing St. Valery, France
  • Sanofi-Aventis Insulin Manufacturer: Global insulin supplies Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing
  • Alstrom, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
  • Alstrom Electrical Power Generators and Components
  • EMD Pharms Semoy, France: Cyanokit Injection
  • GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Evreux, France: Influenza neurominidase inhibitor RELENZA (Zanamivir)
  • Diagast, Cedex, France: Olympus (impacts blood typing ability)
  • Genzyme Polyclonals SAS (bulk), Lyon, France: Thymoglobulin
  • Sanofi Pasteur SA, Lyon, France: Rabies virus vaccine

Georgia

Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline

Germany

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

  • Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Beverwijk, Netherlands
  • TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Katwijk, Netherlands
  • Rotterdam Port

Norway

  • Cobalt Nickel Mine

Poland

  • Druzhba Oil Pipeline

Russia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

Ukraine

  • Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade

United Kingdom

Near/Middle East

Djibouti

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

  • Al-Basrah Oil Terminal

Israel

Kuwait

  • Mina' al Ahmadi Export Terminal

Morocco

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Yemen

  • Bab al-Mendeb: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node

South and Central Asia

Kazakhstan

  • Ferrochromium Khromtau Complex, Kempersai, (Chromite Mine)

India

Western Hemisphere

Argentina

  • Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing

Bermuda

  • GlobeNet (formerly Bermuda US-1 (BUS-1) undersea cable landing Devonshire, Bermuda

Brazil

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Fortaleza, Brazil
  • GlobeNet undersea cable landing Fortaleza, Brazil
  • GlobeNet undersea cable landing Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Iron Ore from Rio Tinto Mine Manganese - Battery grade, natural; battery grade, synthetic; chemical grade; ferro; metallurgical grade
  • Niobium (Columbium), Araxa, Minas Gerais State (mine)
  • Ouvidor and Catalao I, Goias State: Niobium

Chile

  • Iodine Mine

Canada

French Guiana

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Cayenne, French Guiana

Martinique

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Le Lamentin, Martinique

Mexico

Netherlands Antilles

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles.

Panama

  • FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Fort Amador, Panama Panama Canal

Peru

  • Tin Mine and Plant

Trinidad and Tobago

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Port of Spain
  • Atlantic LNG: Provides 70% of U.S. natural gas import needs

Venezuela

  • Americas-II undersea cable landing Camuri, Venezuela
  • GlobeNet undersea cable landing, Punta Gorda, Venezuela
  • GlobeNet undersea cable landing Catia La Mar, Venezuela
  • GlobeNet undersea cable landing Manonga, Venezuela

References

  1. ^ "Fact Sheet: Critical Infrastructure and Homeland Security Protection Accomplishments". Department of Homeland Security. 2008-09-05.
  2. ^ a b c "National Infrastructure Protection Plan". Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology, Washington DC. 2009-00-00. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b Kendall, Bridget (December 6, 2010). "Wikileaks: site list reveals US sensitivities". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Lister, Tim (December 7, 2010). "WikiLeaks lists sites key to U.S. security". CNN. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
  5. ^ a b Haynes, Deborah; Mostrous, Alexi; Whittell, Giles (December 7, 2010). "Wikileaks lists 'targets for terror' against US". Times Online. The Australian. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ "Viewing cable 09STATE15113, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION:CRITICAL FOREIGN DEPENDENCIES (CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND KEY RESOURCES LOCATED ABROAD)". Wikileaks. 2009-02-18.
  7. ^ Presumably David Brown Gear Industries site in Benoni: "David Brown Gear Industries (Pty) Ltd".
  8. ^ "Maybe" is an apparent typo for Mayne Pharma, which purchased F H Faulding in 2001. (Jane Lee (2010-12-07). "WikiLeaks terror target list 'out of date'". news.com.au.) Faulding had previously purchased DBL and taken over its Mulgrave operation. (Patrick Dawson (2003). "Understanding organizational change".)
  9. ^ Baxter International's Vienna (Wien-Donaustadt) site conducts the plasma fractionation and production of immunoglobulins. "Pharmazeutische Produktion & Fertigung".
  10. ^ See "Junghans Feinwerktechnik - Modern Fuzes for Today's Armed Forces". army-technology.com.
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