Operation Greylord: Difference between revisions
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| ⚫ | '''Operation Greylord''' was an investigation conducted jointly by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] and the [[IRS Criminal Investigation Division]] into [[Political corruption|corruption]] in the [[judiciary]] of [[Cook County, Illinois]] (the [[Chicago]] region). The FBI named the investigation "Operation Greylord" after the curly wigs worn by British judges.<ref name="corruption">{{cite web |title=Investigations of Public Corruption |url=http://www.fbi.gov/page2/march04/greylord031504.htm |publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |date=15 March 2004 |accessdate=21 Oct 2011}}</ref> |
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{{refimprove|date=February 2011}} |
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==The Operation== |
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The 3 1/2-year undercover operation took place in the 1980s. The first listening device ever placed in a [[judge]]'s [[Chambers (law)|chambers]] occurred in the undercover phase, when the narcotics court chambers of Judge Wayne Olson were bugged. Ten years after the undercover case concluded, the historical investigations, prosecutions and trials concluded in 1994. The last conviction was that of Judge [[Thomas J. Maloney (judge)|Thomas J. Maloney]], who was convicted of fixing three murder cases for more than $100,000 in bribes<ref>http://truthinjustice.org/judge-maloney.htm</ref>. Maloney was released from federal prison in 2008, and died the same year. A total of 92 people were indicted, including 17 judges, 48 lawyers, ten deputy [[sheriff]]s, eight policemen, eight court officials, and [[Illinois Legislature|state legislator]] [[James DeLeo]]. |
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The 3 1/2-year undercover operation took place in the 1980s. The first listening device ever placed in a [[judge]]'s [[Chambers (law)|chambers]] occurred in the undercover phase, when the narcotics court chambers of Judge Wayne Olson were bugged. In order to acquire evidence of corruption, agents obtained special court authorization to present a false court case in the bugged court.<ref name="chicago">{{cite web |title=Chicago Division: A Brief History |url=http://www.fbi.gov/chicago/about-us/history/history |publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |accessdate=21 Oct 2011}}</ref> The first defendant to be found guilty was Harold Conn, the Deputy Traffic Court Clerk in the Cook County judicial system. Conn was convicted in March 1984 and was the [[bagman]] in the ring of corruption.<ref name="chicago"/> The last conviction was that of Judge [[Thomas J. Maloney (judge)|Thomas J. Maloney]], who was indicted in 1991 on bribery charges and convicted in April 1993 of fixing three murder cases for more than $100,000 in bribes. <ref name="judge">{{cite news |title=Judge was convicted of rigging cases |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-chicagodays-greylord-story,0,4025843.story |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Trevor |last=Jensen |date=22 October 2008 |accessdate=24 Oct 2011}}</ref> Maloney was released from federal prison in 2008, and died the same year. A total of 92 people were indicted, including 17 judges, 48 lawyers, ten deputy [[sheriff]]s, eight policemen, eight court officials, and [[Illinois Legislature|state legislator]] [[James DeLeo]].<ref name="corruption"/> Out of the 17 judges indicted in the trials, 15 were convicted.<ref name="ops">{{cite news |title=Operation Greylord |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/chi-chicagodays-greylord-story,0,4025843.story |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Maurice |last=Possley |date=5 August 1983 |accessdate=24 Oct 2011}}</ref> One judge, Richard LeFevour, was convicted on 59 counts of mail fraud, racketeering and income-tax violations, getting 12 years in prison. <ref>{{cite news |title='Greylord' Judge Gets 12 Years |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-27/news/mn-25226_1_operation-greylord |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=27 August 1985 |accessdate=21 Nov 2011}}</ref>Ten years after the undercover case concluded, the historical investigations, prosecutions and trials concluded in 1994. |
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==Aftermath== |
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| ⚫ | The key undercover FBI agents and lawyers were David Grossman, David Reis and Terrence Hake. Hake was a Cook County prosecutor, who complained about the bribery and corruption in the Murder and Sexual Assault preliminary hearing courtroom in Chicago. The FBI and United States Attorneys Office learned of his complaint and recruited him to pose as a corrupt prosecutor and later as a bribe-paying criminal defense attorney. While playing the role of a corrupt prosecutor, Hake supplied the evidentiary probable cause to bug Judge Olson's chambers. |
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This ring of corruption lead to the formation of the Special Commission on the Administration of Justice in Cook County, a group assembled in August 1984 to examine the problems of the Cook County courts. The group also issued recommendations that were designed to contribute to a period of reform in the courts. The Commission wrote a total of 165 recommendations for the courts of Cook County.<ref>{{cite web |title=No More Greylords? |url=http://www.ipsn.org/greylord.html |work=IPSN |date=1994 |first=Richard |last=Lindberg |accessdate=24 Oct 2011}}</ref> Operation Greylord lead to many other similar investigations targeting corruption in Cook County including [[Operation Silver Shovel]], Incubator, Lantern, Gambat, and Safebet.<ref name="ops"/> Operation Greylord was also a turning point in the use eavesdropping devices in order to obtain evidence for trial. |
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==FBI Investigation== |
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| ⚫ | First Assistant [[United States Attorney]] Daniel Reidy and Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSA) Charles Sklarsky, Scott Lassar, Scott Mendeloff and [[Candace J. Fabri]] led many of the prosecutions. Three United States Attorneys, [[Thomas P. Sullivan]], [[Dan K. Webb]] and [[Anton R. Valukas]], supervised the investigations and prosecutions. Valukus and AUSA James Schweitzer indicted 22 corrupt court personnel, along with the judge, who presided over the corruption and the courtroom, in one 1985 indictment. |
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| ⚫ | The key undercover FBI agents and lawyers were David Grossman, David Reis and Terrence Hake. Hake was a Cook County prosecutor, who complained about the bribery and corruption in the Murder and Sexual Assault preliminary hearing courtroom in Chicago.<ref name="ops"/> The FBI and United States Attorneys Office learned of his complaint and recruited him to pose as a corrupt prosecutor and later as a bribe-paying criminal defense attorney. While playing the role of a corrupt prosecutor, Hake supplied the evidentiary probable cause to bug Judge Olson's chambers. Lamar Jordan, David Benscoter, Marie Dyson, William C. Megary, and Robert Farmer were the principal FBI case agents and supervisors during the investigation. Cook County Judge Thaddeus Kowalski was important in the case due to his cooperation with authorities even though he knew his cooperation might endanger his career. <ref>{{cite news |title=Thaddeus Kowalski, 1931-2011 |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-07-05/news/ct-met-obit-thaddeus-kowalski-20110705_1_associate-judge-retired-judge-judicial-career|work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |first=Dan |last=Hinkel |date=5 July 2011 |accessdate=21 Nov 2011}}</ref> |
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==Prosecutors== |
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The FBI named the investigation "Operation Greylord" after the curly wigs worn by British judges.<ref>http://www.fbi.gov/page2/march04/greylord031504.htm</ref> |
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| ⚫ | First Assistant [[United States Attorney]] Daniel Reidy and Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSA) Charles Sklarsky, Scott Lassar, Scott Mendeloff and [[Candace J. Fabri]] led many of the prosecutions. Three United States Attorneys, [[Thomas P. Sullivan]], [[Dan K. Webb]] and [[Anton R. Valukas]], supervised the investigations and prosecutions. Valukus and AUSA James Schweitzer indicted 22 corrupt court personnel, along with the judge, who presided over the corruption and the courtroom, in one 1985 indictment. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.ipsn.org/greylord.html No More Greylords?] |
* [http://www.ipsn.org/greylord.html No More Greylords?] |
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* [http://www.fbi.gov/page2/march04/greylord031504.htm |
* [http://www.fbi.gov/page2/march04/greylord031504.htm Investigations of Public Corruption: Rooting Crookedness Out of Government] |
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[[Category:1980s in the United States]] |
[[Category:1980s in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Political corruption investigations in the United States]] |
[[Category:Political corruption investigations in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Political scandals in Illinois]] |
[[Category:Political scandals in Illinois]] |
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{{US-law-stub}} |
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Revision as of 05:23, 22 November 2011
Operation Greylord was an investigation conducted jointly by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the IRS Criminal Investigation Division into corruption in the judiciary of Cook County, Illinois (the Chicago region). The FBI named the investigation "Operation Greylord" after the curly wigs worn by British judges.[1]
The Operation
The 3 1/2-year undercover operation took place in the 1980s. The first listening device ever placed in a judge's chambers occurred in the undercover phase, when the narcotics court chambers of Judge Wayne Olson were bugged. In order to acquire evidence of corruption, agents obtained special court authorization to present a false court case in the bugged court.[2] The first defendant to be found guilty was Harold Conn, the Deputy Traffic Court Clerk in the Cook County judicial system. Conn was convicted in March 1984 and was the bagman in the ring of corruption.[2] The last conviction was that of Judge Thomas J. Maloney, who was indicted in 1991 on bribery charges and convicted in April 1993 of fixing three murder cases for more than $100,000 in bribes. [3] Maloney was released from federal prison in 2008, and died the same year. A total of 92 people were indicted, including 17 judges, 48 lawyers, ten deputy sheriffs, eight policemen, eight court officials, and state legislator James DeLeo.[1] Out of the 17 judges indicted in the trials, 15 were convicted.[4] One judge, Richard LeFevour, was convicted on 59 counts of mail fraud, racketeering and income-tax violations, getting 12 years in prison. [5]Ten years after the undercover case concluded, the historical investigations, prosecutions and trials concluded in 1994.
Aftermath
This ring of corruption lead to the formation of the Special Commission on the Administration of Justice in Cook County, a group assembled in August 1984 to examine the problems of the Cook County courts. The group also issued recommendations that were designed to contribute to a period of reform in the courts. The Commission wrote a total of 165 recommendations for the courts of Cook County.[6] Operation Greylord lead to many other similar investigations targeting corruption in Cook County including Operation Silver Shovel, Incubator, Lantern, Gambat, and Safebet.[4] Operation Greylord was also a turning point in the use eavesdropping devices in order to obtain evidence for trial.
FBI Investigation
The key undercover FBI agents and lawyers were David Grossman, David Reis and Terrence Hake. Hake was a Cook County prosecutor, who complained about the bribery and corruption in the Murder and Sexual Assault preliminary hearing courtroom in Chicago.[4] The FBI and United States Attorneys Office learned of his complaint and recruited him to pose as a corrupt prosecutor and later as a bribe-paying criminal defense attorney. While playing the role of a corrupt prosecutor, Hake supplied the evidentiary probable cause to bug Judge Olson's chambers. Lamar Jordan, David Benscoter, Marie Dyson, William C. Megary, and Robert Farmer were the principal FBI case agents and supervisors during the investigation. Cook County Judge Thaddeus Kowalski was important in the case due to his cooperation with authorities even though he knew his cooperation might endanger his career. [7]
Prosecutors
First Assistant United States Attorney Daniel Reidy and Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSA) Charles Sklarsky, Scott Lassar, Scott Mendeloff and Candace J. Fabri led many of the prosecutions. Three United States Attorneys, Thomas P. Sullivan, Dan K. Webb and Anton R. Valukas, supervised the investigations and prosecutions. Valukus and AUSA James Schweitzer indicted 22 corrupt court personnel, along with the judge, who presided over the corruption and the courtroom, in one 1985 indictment.
See also
References
- ^ a b "Investigations of Public Corruption". Federal Bureau of Investigation. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 21 Oct 2011.
- ^ a b "Chicago Division: A Brief History". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 21 Oct 2011.
- ^ Jensen, Trevor (22 October 2008). "Judge was convicted of rigging cases". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 24 Oct 2011.
- ^ a b c Possley, Maurice (5 August 1983). "Operation Greylord". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 24 Oct 2011.
- ^ "'Greylord' Judge Gets 12 Years". Los Angeles Times. 27 August 1985. Retrieved 21 Nov 2011.
- ^ Lindberg, Richard (1994). "No More Greylords?". IPSN. Retrieved 24 Oct 2011.
- ^ Hinkel, Dan (5 July 2011). "Thaddeus Kowalski, 1931-2011". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 21 Nov 2011.