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====On neutering, backyard dogs, and pets====
====On neutering, backyard dogs, and pets====
[[File:PETAandbackyarddogs.jpg|thumb|180px|PETA provides dog houses for chained backyard dogs.]]
[[File:PETAandbackyarddogs.jpg|thumb|180px|In 2008 PETA provided 300 dog houses and 1,200 bales of straw for chained backyard dogs.<ref>[http://www.peta.org/feat/annualreview/numbers.asp "The Year in Numbers"], PETA Annual Review 2008, accessed June 26, 2010.</ref>]]
PETA runs several programs though its Community Animal Project that helps cats and dogs in poorer areas of Virginia, near PETA's headquarters.<ref>[http://www.peta.org/feat/cap/ Join PETA's Community Animal Project], PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.</ref> In 2008 they neutered 7,485 cats, dogs, and rabbits in that area, including pit bulls and feral cats, at a discounted rate or free of charge. The group helps neglected dogs and cats who are ill and injured, and pursues cruelty cases. Each year they set up hundreds of dog houses with straw bedding for dogs chained outside all winter.<ref>They supplied over 300 dog houses and 1,200 bales of straw in 2008; see [http://www.peta.org/feat/annualreview/numbers.asp The Year in Numbers], PETA Annual Review 2008, accessed June 26, 2010.</ref> PETA also produces advertisements urging people to control the pet population through neutering and adoption from shelters, and campaigns against organizations such as the [[American Kennel Club]] that promote the breeding of purebred strains.<ref>[http://www.helpinganimals.com/about_cap.asp "Helping Animals in Our Region"], PETA's Community Animal Project; [http://www.peta.org/about/faq-comp.asp Companion Animals FAQs], PETA's position on pets or 'companion animals'], accessed June 26, 2010; Farris, Gene. [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/2009-02-09-peta-westminster-kkk-protest_N.htm "PETA dresses in KKK garb outside Westminster Dog Show"], ''USA Today'', February 10, 2009.</ref>
PETA runs several programs though its Community Animal Project that helps cats and dogs in poorer areas of Virginia, near PETA's headquarters.<ref>[http://www.peta.org/feat/cap/ Join PETA's Community Animal Project], PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.</ref> In 2008 they neutered 7,485 cats, dogs, and rabbits in that area, including pit bulls and feral cats, at a discounted rate or free of charge. They help neglected dogs and cats who are ill and injured, and pursue cruelty cases. Each year they set up hundreds of dog houses with straw bedding for dogs chained outside all winter.<ref>They supplied over 300 dog houses and 1,200 bales of straw in 2008; see [http://www.peta.org/feat/annualreview/numbers.asp "The Year in Numbers"], PETA Annual Review 2008, accessed June 26, 2010.</ref> They urge population control through neutering and adoption from shelters, and campaign against organizations that promote the breeding of purebred strains.<ref>[http://www.helpinganimals.com/about_cap.asp "Helping Animals in Our Region"], PETA's Community Animal Project; [http://www.peta.org/about/faq-comp.asp Companion Animals FAQs], PETA's position on pets or 'companion animals'], accessed June 26, 2010; Farris, Gene. [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/2009-02-09-peta-westminster-kkk-protest_N.htm "PETA dresses in KKK garb outside Westminster Dog Show"], ''USA Today'', February 10, 2009.</ref>


PETA argues that it would have been better for animals had the institution of breeding them as "pets" never emerged. The group argues that the desire to own and receive love from animals is selfish, and that their breeding, sale, and purchase can cause immeasurable suffering. They write that millions of dogs spend their lives chained outside in all weather conditions or locked up in chain-link pens and wire cages in puppy mills, and that even in what they call good homes animals are often not well cared for. They would like to see the population of dogs and cats reduced through spaying and neutering, and for people never to purchase animals from pet shops or breeders, but to adopt them from shelters instead. The group makes clear that they have no desire to confiscate or set free animals who are well cared for, and deplores what they call the "myth" that they would want to do so.<ref name=pets>[http://www.peta.org/campaigns/ar-petaonpets.asp Animal Rights Uncompromised: PETA on 'Pets'], PETA, accessed June 15, 2010.</ref>
PETA argues that it would have been better for animals had the institution of breeding them as "pets" never emerged, that the desire to own animals is selfish, and that their breeding, sale, and purchase can cause immeasurable suffering. They write that millions of dogs spend their lives chained outside in all weather conditions or locked up in chain-link pens and wire cages in puppy mills, and that even in good homes animals are often not well cared for. They would like to see the population of dogs and cats reduced through spaying and neutering, and for people never to purchase animals from pet shops or breeders, but to adopt them from shelters instead.<ref name=pets>[http://www.peta.org/campaigns/ar-petaonpets.asp Animal Rights Uncompromised: PETA on 'Pets'], PETA, accessed June 27, 2010.</ref>


====On euthanasia====
====On euthanasia====

Revision as of 03:11, 28 June 2010

"PETA" redirects here. For other uses, see Peta (disambiguation).
Founded1980
FounderIngrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco
Type501(c)(3)
FocusAnimal rights
Location
Members
2,000,000
Key people
Ingrid Newkirk, President
Revenue
$34 million for the year ending July 31, 2009[1]
Employees
187
Websitewww.peta.org

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president. With two million members and supporters, it says it is the largest animal rights group in the world. Its slogan is "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, or use for entertainment."[2]

Founded in 1980, the organization is a non-profit corporation with 187 employees, funded almost entirely by its members. In its campaigns and undercover investigations, it focuses on four core issues—factory farming, fur farming, animal testing, and animals in entertainment—though it also campaigns against fishing, the killing of animals regarded as pests, the keeping of chained backyard dogs, cock fighting, dog fighting, and bullfighting.[3]

The organization has been the focus of criticism from within and outside the animal rights movement. The confrontational style of its campaigns and the number of animals it euthanizes have both come under scrutiny,[4] and it was further criticized in 2005 by U.S. Senator Jim Inhofe for having given grants several years earlier to Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF) activists. PETA responded that it has no involvement in ALF or ELF actions and does not support violence.[5] Some sections of the animal rights movement see the group as not radical enough. Professor of law Gary Francione calls PETA the "new welfarists," arguing that they have become an animal welfare group because they work with industries to achieve incremental reform.[6] Newkirk clarified PETA's position in 2002: "If anybody wonders 'what's this with all these reforms?' you can hear us clearly. Our goal is total animal liberation, and the day when everyone believes that animals are not ours to eat, not ours to wear, not ours to experiment [on], and not ours for entertainment or any other exploitive purpose."[7]

History

Ingrid Newkirk

Alec Baldwin with Ingrid Newkirk, at a PETA event in New York in 2008
Main article: Ingrid Newkirk
Newkirk talking about herself and her legacy.

Newkirk was born in England in 1949 and raised in Hertfordshire, and later New Delhi, India, where her father was stationed. She moved to the United States in in her 20s, first studying to become a stockbroker, and later becoming an animal-protection officer for Montgomery County, then for the District of Columbia. She became D.C.'s first woman poundmaster, and by 1976 was head of the animal-disease-control division of D.C.'s Commission on Public Health.[8] In 1980 she was among those named as Washingtonian of the Year.[9] That year, she met animal rights advocate Alex Pacheco. He and Newkirk fell in love and began living together, though as Kathy Snow Guillermo writes they were very different—Newkirk was older and more practical, whereas Pacheco barely looked after himself.[10] He introduced Newkirk to vegetarianism and the idea of animal rights, and in March 1980 they formed People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which at that point consisted of what Newkirk called "five people in a basement."[11]

Silver Spring monkeys

PETA distributed images of the Silver Spring monkeys with the caption, "This is vivisection. Don't let anyone tell you different."[12]
Main article: Silver Spring monkeys

The group first came to public attention in the summer of 1981, during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys at the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. The case lasted ten years, involved the first police raid in the U.S. on an animal laboratory, triggered an amendment in 1985 to the Animal Welfare Act, and became the first animal-testing case to be argued before the United States Supreme Court.[13]

Pacheco had taken a job in May 1981 inside a primate research laboratory at the Institute, intending to gain firsthand experience of working inside an animal laboratory.[14] Edward Taub, the researcher in charge of the lab, had cut sensory ganglia that supplied nerves to the monkeys' fingers, hands, arms, and legs—a process called "deafferentation"—so that the monkeys could not feel them; some of the monkeys had had their entire spinal columns deafferented. He then used restraint, electric shock, and withholding of food and water to force the monkeys to use the deafferented parts of their bodies. The research led in part to the discovery of neuroplasticity and a new therapy for stroke victims called constraint-induced movement therapy.[15]

Pacheco visited the laboratory at night, and took photographs that showed the monkeys were living in what the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research's ILAR Journal called filthy conditions.[16] He turned his evidence over to the police, who raided the lab and arrested Taub. Taub was convicted of six counts of animal cruelty, the first such conviction in the U.S. of an animal researcher, later overturned on appeal.[11] The subsequent dispute, and the ten-year battle for custody of the monkeys—described by The Washington Post as a vicious mud fight, during which both sides accused the other of lies and distortion—transformed PETA into a national, then international, movement. By February 1991, it claimed over 350,000 members, a paid staff of over 100, and an annual budget of over $7 million.[17]

Philosophy and activism

Profile

Wikinews has related news:

PETA is an animal rights organization, and as such it rejects speciesism and the idea of animals as property. It opposes the use of animals in any form: as food, entertainment, clothing, and in animal testing, and would like to see an end to animals being dependent on human beings for their survival.[18] The group has been criticized by other animal rights advocates for its willingness to work with industries that use animals—a position many animal rights advocates find problematic (see below). Newkirk rejects the criticism, and has said of PETA that it is here to hold the radical line.[19]

PETA lobbies governments to impose fines where animal-welfare legislation has been violated, promotes a vegan diet, tries to reform the practices in factory farms and slaughterhouses, goes undercover into animal research laboratories, farms, and circuses, initiates media campaigns against particular companies or practices, helps to find sanctuaries for former circus and zoo animals, and initiates lawsuits against companies. It also introduces children to animal rights through its teacher network and education programs.[20]

The group received donations of over $32 million for the year ending July 31, 2009. Over 80 percent of its operating budget was spent on its programs, 15 percent on fundraising, and four percent on management and general operations. Thirty-two percent of its staff earned under $30,000, 24 percent over $40,000, and Newkirk just under $37,000.[21]

Campaigning

File:Christy Turlington I'd rather go naked than wear fur.cleanup.jpg
Christy Turlington during PETA's "I'd rather go naked than wear fur" campaign[22]

The organization is known for its aggressive media campaigns, combined with a solid base of celebrity support. Paul McCartney, Pamela Anderson, and Sarah Jessica Parker are supporters, and several supermodels have posed for two of PETA's anti-fur campaigns, "I'd Rather Go Naked than Wear Fur," and "Here's the rest of your fur coat."[23]

Many of its campaigns have focused on large corporations, such as KFC, McDonald's, Wendy's, and Burger King, and have included buying shares in the target companies; for example, as shareholders of YUM! Brands, which owns KFC, PETA submitted a shareholders' resolution asking for more humane treatment of the animals KFC processes. Newkirk has said the outrageous campaigns are the ones that grab attention, though she adds that the group has quieter projects that are rarely heard about. "The thing is, we make them gawk," she told Satya magazine, "maybe like a traffic accident that you have to look at."[24]

The campaigns have produced some successes for PETA. Burger King, McDonald's, and Wendy's introduced vegetarian options after PETA targeted them; Petco dropped the sale of many exotic live pets; and Polo Ralph Lauren said it would no longer use fur.[25]

File:Peta Comic Book.gif
Front cover of Your Mommy Kills Animals

Some of the campaigns have been controversial. Newkirk was criticized in 2003 when she sent a letter to PLO leader Yasser Arafat asking him to keep animals out of the conflict, after a donkey was laden with explosives during an attack in Jerusalem. The group's 2003 "Holocaust on your Plate" exhibition—eight 60-square-foot (5.6 m2) panels juxtaposing images of Holocaust victims with animal carcasses and animals being transported to slaughter—was criticized by the Anti-Defamation League. In 2005, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People complained about a PETA exhibit called "Are Animals the New Slaves?", which showed images of African-American slaves, Native Americans, child laborers, and women, alongside chained elephants and slaughtered cows.[26]

It has also been criticized for aiming its message at young people. "Your Mommy Kills Animals" features a cartoon of a mother slicing a knife into a rabbit's stomach.[27] To reduce milk consumption, it created the "Got Beer?" campaign, a parody of Got Milk?. Advertisements urged students to "wipe off those milk moustaches and replace them with. . . foam," leading Mothers Against Drunk Driving and college officials to complain that it encouraged underage drinking. Another campaign placed ads in high school newspapers and printed trading cards saying dairy products cause acne, obesity, heart disease, cancer, and strokes.[28] The British Advertising Standards Authority asked PETA to discontinue it after complaints from The National Farmers' Unions, the Dairy Council, and the Royal Agricultural Society of England.[29]

Other campaigns are light-hearted. The group regularly asks towns to change their names to highlight specific issues. It campaigned in 1996 for a new name for Fishkill, New York, and in April 2003 offered free veggie burgers to Hamburg, New York if it would call itself Veggieburg.[30] In 2007, it asked Commerce City, Colorado to change its name to KentuckyFriedCruelty.com, and in 2008, it launched the "Save the Sea Kittens" campaign, calling fish "sea kittens" in an attempt to give them a positive image.[31]

Undercover investigations

PETA sends its employees undercover into facilities such as research laboratories to document the treatment of animals, sometimes requiring them to spend months recording their experiences.[32] It also produces videos based on material collected by other groups who go undercover, including the Animal Liberation Front (ALF). Some investigations have led to lawsuits or government action against the companies or universities. PETA itself faced legal action in April 2007 after the owners of a chinchilla ranch in Michigan complained about a PETA undercover inquiry there; the judge ruled in PETA's favor that undercover investigations are one of the main ways the criminal justice system in the U.S. operates.[32]

In 1984, PETA produced a 26-minute film called Unnecessary Fuss,[33] based on 60 hours of researchers' footage obtained by the ALF during a raid on the University of Pennsylvania's head injury clinic. The footage showed researchers laughing at baboons as they inflicted brain damage on them with a hydraulic device intended to simulate whiplash. The ensuing publicity led to the suspension of funds from the university, the firing of its chief veterinarian, the closure of the lab, and a period of probation for the university.[34]

File:It'sADog'sLife.gif
PETA filmed HLS staff in the UK beating dogs, broadcast in 1997 by Channel 4 in the UK as It's a dog's life.[35]

In 1990, Bobby Berosini, a Las Vegas entertainer, lost his wildlife license, as well as a later lawsuit against PETA, after PETA broadcast an undercover film of him slapping and punching orangutans.[36] A PETA investigation inside Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), a contract animal-testing company, in 1997 produced film of staff in the UK beating dogs,[37] and what appears to be abuse of monkeys in the company's New Jersey facility.[38] After the video footage aired on British television in 1999, a group of activists set up Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty with a view to closing HLS down, a campaign that is ongoing.

In 1999, a North Carolina grand jury handed down indictments against pig-farm workers on Belcross Farm in Camden County, the first indictments for animal cruelty on a factory farm in the U.S., after a three-month PETA investigation produced film of the workers beating the animals, and skinning a sow that was allegedly still conscious.[39]

File:600-restraint-tube4.jpg
A monkey in a restraint tube filmed by PETA inside Covance, Vienna, Virginia, 2004–2005.[40]

In 2003 and 2004, a PETA investigation inside Covance, an animal-testing company in the U.S. and Europe, obtained footage that appeared to show monkeys being mistreated. A PETA employee filmed primates in Covance's Vienna, Virginia, lab being choked, hit, and denied medical attention when badly injured, according to PETA.[41] PETA submitted a formal complaint to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.[42] Covance received 16 sanctions and agreed to a fine of $8,720, but said the citations were for minor administrative matters unrelated to animal cruelty, and that over 700 of the charges made by PETA had been rejected by the government.[43] In 2005 Covance initiated a lawsuit charging PETA with fraud, violation of employee contract, and conspiracy to harm the company's business, but later dropped it.[41]

In 2004, PETA published the results of an eight-month undercover investigation in a West Virginia Pilgrim's Pride slaughterhouse that supplies chickens to KFC. The New York Times reported the investigation as showing workers stomping on live chickens, throwing dozens against a wall, tearing the head off a chicken to write graffiti, strangling one with a latex glove, and squeezing birds until they exploded. Yum Brands, owner of KFC, called the video appalling, and threatened to stop purchasing from Pilgrim's Pride if no changes were made; Pilgrim's Pride fired 11 employees, and introduced an anti-cruelty pledge for workers to sign.[44]

Positions

On direct action and the ALF

Ingrid Newkirk on clashes with other animal rights organizations and her feelings about the Animal Liberation Front.

Newkirk is outspoken in her support of direct action. PETA members have been criticized for taking activism too far, particularly in their long-standing efforts to halt the fur industry, which have involved disrupting fashion shows and throwing red paint on the runway.[45] In 1996, PETA activists (acting independently of PETA) famously threw a dead raccoon onto the restaurant table of Anna Wintour, editor-in-chief of Vogue, who promotes the use of fur, and left bloody paw prints and the words "Fur Hag" on the steps of her home.[46] In January 2010, Gerry Byrne, a Canadian MP, compared PETA to terrorists for throwing a tofu cream pie at Canada's fishery minister Gail Shea in protest at the Canadian seal hunt.[47]

Not until black demonstrators resorted to violence did the national government work seriously for civil rights legislation ... In 1850 white abolitionists, having given up on peaceful means, began to encourage and engage in actions that disrupted plantation operations and liberated slaves. Was that all wrong?—Ingrid Newkirk[48]

The group has also been criticized for providing financial support to ALF activists faced with legal action. Newkirk makes no apology for this, writing that no movement for social change has ever succeeded without the "militarism component": "Thinkers may prepare revolutions," she wrote of the ALF, "but bandits must carry them out."[48]

In 2004 The Observer described what it called a network of relationships between apparently unconnected animal rights groups on both sides of the Atlantic, writing that, with assets of $6.5 million, and with the PETA Foundation holding further assets of $15 million, PETA funds a number of activists and groups—some with links to militant groups, including the ALF, which the FBI has named as a domestic terrorist threat.[49] According to the New York Post, PETA gave $1,500 to the Earth Liberation Front in 2001; Newkirk said the donation was a mistake, and that the money had been intended for public education about destruction of habitat.[50]

On neutering, backyard dogs, and pets

File:PETAandbackyarddogs.jpg
In 2008 PETA provided 300 dog houses and 1,200 bales of straw for chained backyard dogs.[51]

PETA runs several programs though its Community Animal Project that helps cats and dogs in poorer areas of Virginia, near PETA's headquarters.[52] In 2008 they neutered 7,485 cats, dogs, and rabbits in that area, including pit bulls and feral cats, at a discounted rate or free of charge. They help neglected dogs and cats who are ill and injured, and pursue cruelty cases. Each year they set up hundreds of dog houses with straw bedding for dogs chained outside all winter.[53] They urge population control through neutering and adoption from shelters, and campaign against organizations that promote the breeding of purebred strains.[54]

PETA argues that it would have been better for animals had the institution of breeding them as "pets" never emerged, that the desire to own animals is selfish, and that their breeding, sale, and purchase can cause immeasurable suffering. They write that millions of dogs spend their lives chained outside in all weather conditions or locked up in chain-link pens and wire cages in puppy mills, and that even in good homes animals are often not well cared for. They would like to see the population of dogs and cats reduced through spaying and neutering, and for people never to purchase animals from pet shops or breeders, but to adopt them from shelters instead.[55]

On euthanasia

Newkirk told Michael Specter of The New Yorker that her background working for shelters in D.C. left her shocked at the way animals were treated and in particular at the methods used to euthanize them:

I went to the front office all the time, and I would say, "John is kicking the dogs and putting them into freezers." Or I would say, "They are stepping on the animals, crushing them like grapes, and they don't care." In the end, I would go to work early, before anyone got there, and I would just kill the animals myself. Because I couldn't stand to let them go through that. I must have killed a thousand of them, sometimes dozens every day. Some of those people would take pleasure in making them suffer. Driving home every night, I would cry just thinking about it. And I just felt, to my bones, this cannot be right.[8]

PETA opposes the no kill movement. The group takes in feral cat colonies with diseases such as feline AIDS and leukemia, stray dogs, litters of parvo-infected puppies, and backyard dogs, and as such it would be unrealistic to operate a no-kill policy.[56] They offer free euthanasia services to counties that kill unwanted animals via gassing or shooting—they recommend the use of an intravenous injection of sodium pentobarbital if administered by a trained professional, and for severely ill or dying pets when euthanasia at a veterinarian is unaffordable.[57] They recommend euthanasia for certain breeds, such as pit bull terriers, and in certain situations for animals in shelters: for example, for those living for long periods in cramped cages.[58]

Two PETA employees were acquitted in 2007 of animal cruelty, but convicted of littering, after at least 80 euthanized animals were left in dumpsters in a shopping center in Ashoskie over the course of a month in 2005; the two employees were seen leaving behind 18 dead animals, and 13 more were found inside their van. The animals had been euthanized after being removed from shelters in Northampton and Bertie counties.[59] The group said it began euthanizing animals in some rural North Carolina shelters after it found the shelters killing animals in ways PETA considered inhumane.[60]

On wildlife conservation personalities

PETA criticizes conservation personalities such as Steve Irwin for placing animals under stress.

PETA is critical of television personalities they call self-professed wildlife warriors, arguing that while a conservationist message is getting across, some of the actions are harmful to animals, such as invading animals' homes, netting them, subjecting them to stressful environments, and wrestling with them. Those actions often involve juvenile animals which the group says should be with their mothers.[61] In 2006 when Steve Irwin died, PETA's vice-president Dan Mathews said Irwin had made a career out of antagonizing frightened wild animals.[62] Australian Member of Parliament Bruce Scott said PETA should apologize to Irwin's family and the rest of Australia.[63]

On animal testing

PETA believes that animal testing—whether toxicity testing, basic or applied research, or for education and training—is wasteful, unreliable, and irrelevant to human health, because artificially induced diseases in animals are not identical to human diseases, and because humans and animals differ in biologically significant ways. They say that animal experiments are frequently redundant and lack accountability, oversight, and regulation. Newkirk told Vogue magazine in 1989 that even if animal research resulted in a cure for AIDS, PETA would be against it.[64] PETA promotes alternatives, including embryonic stem cell research and in vitro cell research.[65] PETA employees have volunteered for human testing of vaccines; Scott Van Valkenburg, PETA’s Director of Major Gifts, said in 1999 that he had been a volunteer in human testing of HIV vaccines.[66]

Conflicts with other animal rights advocates

PETA has been the target of criticism from animal rights advocates who believe the group is too soft on animal rights; that PETA should not target women in its ads; or that it should stop the pie-throwing and other stunts.[67] PETA's "I'd rather go naked than wear fur" campaign generated criticism from feminists, as did their poster—showing a woman's legs with black stockings, high heels, and a fur coat dripping with blood—with the caption: "It takes up to 40 dumb animals to make a fur coat. But only one to wear it."[68] Feminist writer Carol J. Adams writes that the anti-fur campaign spoke the male language of exchange, as do the coats themselves: women wear them, but it is mostly men who buy them.[69] Feminists for Animal Rights also criticized an ad in which Patti Davis posed naked with Hugh Hefner's dog.[70][71]

Gary Francione argues that PETA are "new welfarists," not animal rights advocates.

Gary Francione, professor of law at Rutgers School of Law-Newark, has said PETA has become an animal welfare group, and calls them the "new welfarists," because they work with industries that use animals to effect incremental change. A proponent of abolitionism, Francione argues that PETA's approach—that of traditional animal welfare groups—makes the public think progress is underway when the changes are only cosmetic.[6]

Newkirk has responded to the criticism with the argument that PETA pursues reform while retaining the goal of total animal liberation. She told an animal rights conference: "Reforms move a society very importantly from A to B, from B to C, from C to D. It's very hard to take a nation or a world that is built on seeing animals as nothing more than hamburgers, handbags, cheap burglar alarms, tools for research, and move them from A to Z ... If anybody wonders 'what's this with all these reforms?', you can hear us clearly. Our goal is total animal liberation and the day when everyone believes that animals are not ours to eat, not ours to wear, not ours to experiment, and not ours for entertainment or any other exploitive purpose."[7]

Francione has also criticized PETA for having caused grassroots animal rights group to close, groups that he argues were essential for the survival of the animal rights movement, which rejects the centrality of corporate animal charities. Francione writes that PETA initially set up independent chapters around the U.S., but closed them in favor of a top-down, centralized organization, which not only consolidated decision-making power, but centralized donations too. Now, local animal rights donations go to PETA, rather than to a local group.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ 2009 financial statement, PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.
  2. ^ PETA letter to the Sarasota County Commission, accessed June 26, 2010; "About Peta", accessed June 26, 2010.
  3. ^ About PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.
  4. ^ "PETA and Euthanasia", Newsweek, April 28, 2008.
  5. ^ Frieden, Terry. FBI, ATF address domestic terrorism, CNN, May 19, 2005; CNN said: "[Senator] Inhofe said there was 'a growing network of support for extremists like ELF and ALF,' and he singled out People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals for giving money to members of both groups."
  6. ^ a b c Francione, Gary. Rain without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement. Temple University Press, 1996, pp. 67–77. Cite error: The named reference "Francione67" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Newkirk, Ingrid. PETA president speaks up for animals, at 25:44 mins, Animal Rights 2002 Convention, June 30, 2002, accessed June 26, 2010. Cite error: The named reference "Newkirkspeech" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Specter, Michael. "The woman behind the most successful radical group in America", The New Yorker, April 14, 2003.
  9. ^ "Past Washingtonians of the Year", The Washingtonian, accessed June 26, 2010.
  10. ^ Guillermo, Kathy Snow. Monkey Business. National Press Books, 1993, p. 18.
  11. ^ a b Schwartz, Jeffrey and Begley, Sharon. The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. HarperCollins, 2002, p. 161.
  12. ^ Carbone, Larry (2004). '"What Animal Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy. Oxford University Press, p. 149, see figure 4.2.
  13. ^ Schwartz, Jeffrey M. and Begley, Sharon. The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force, Regan Books, 2002, p. 161ff.
    • Pacheco, Alex and Francione, Anna. The Silver Spring Monkeys, in Peter Singer (ed.) In Defense of Animals, Basil Blackwell 1985, pp. 135–147.
  14. ^ Pacheco, Alex. "Testimony on the Silver Spring monkeys case, U.S. House Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology, PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.
  15. ^ Doidge, Norman. The Brain That Changes Itself. Viking Penguin, 2007, p. 141.
  16. ^ Sideris, Lisa et al. "Roots of Concern with Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Ethics", Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, ILAR Journal V40(1), 1999.
  17. ^ Carlson, Peter. The Great Silver Spring Monkey Debate, The Washington Post, February 24, 1991.
  18. ^ "Animal rights", Encyclopedia Britannica, first accessed July 10, 2006, and again June 26, 2010; Companion Animals: Pets or Prisoners?, PETA pamphlet.
  19. ^ Pesce, Carolyn. "Holding the 'radical line'"], USA Today, September 3, 1991.
  20. ^ "PETA annual review 2004", PETA, accessed June 26, 2010.
  21. ^ 2009 Financial Statement, PETA, accessed June 26, 2010; "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals", charitynavigator.org, accessed June 26, 2010.
  22. ^ I'd Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur, accessed June 26, 2010.
  23. ^ "Fashion and Dress," Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed 2006.
  24. ^ For the Yum story, see "PETA resolution among five for Yum shareholders", Business First, May 18, 2005.
  25. ^ "Vegetarians Have It Our Way at Burger King", November 1, 2002.
  26. ^ For the letter to Arafat, see PETA's letter to Yasser Arafat, February 3, 2003; Dougherty, Kerry "Arafat gets ass-inine plea from PETA on intifada", Jewish World Review, February 10, 2003.
  27. ^ PETA Tells Kids to Run From Daddy, Fox News, November 25, 2005.
  28. ^ Johnson, Mike and Spice, Linda. "Saving face?; PETA's new anti-milk ad campaign, aimed at teens, angers ag department," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, May 20, 2000.
  29. ^ Anti-milk ad campaign 'will continue', BBC News, September 4, 2001; www.milksucks.com, PETA, accessed June 27, 2010.
  30. ^ Re: Fishkill, the root "kill" is found in many New York town names, and is Dutch for "creek.""PETA Woos Hamburgers With Rare Offer", CBS News, April 22, 2003
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