West Kalimantan: Difference between revisions
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West Kalimantan was the site of substantial fighting during the [[Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation]] under the [[Sukarno]] government in the mid-1960s. After [[Suharto]] deposed [[Sukarno]] in 1965, the confrontation was quickly resolved. Domestic conflict continued, however, for another ten years between the new military Suharto government and fighters organized during the confrontation and backed by the banned Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).(see [[Indonesian killings of 1965–66]]) |
West Kalimantan was the site of substantial fighting during the [[Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation]] under the [[Sukarno]] government in the mid-1960s. After [[Suharto]] deposed [[Sukarno]] in 1965, the confrontation was quickly resolved. Domestic conflict continued, however, for another ten years between the new military Suharto government and fighters organized during the confrontation and backed by the banned Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).(see [[Indonesian killings of 1965–66]]) |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
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[[File:Danau Sentarum 3947104713 65a0b7117f b.jpg|thumb|Danau Sentarum National Park is a wetland of international importance located in the north of the province]] |
[[File:Danau Sentarum 3947104713 65a0b7117f b.jpg|thumb|Danau Sentarum National Park is a wetland of international importance located in the north of the province]] |
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There are three National Parks in the province: [[Danau Sentarum National Park|Danau Sentarum]], [[Gunung Palung National Park|Gunung Palung]] and [[Betung Kerihun National Park|Betung Kerihun]]. |
There are three National Parks in the province: [[Danau Sentarum National Park|Danau Sentarum]], [[Gunung Palung National Park|Gunung Palung]] and [[Betung Kerihun National Park|Betung Kerihun]]. Currently, [[illegal logging]] for trees such as [[diptocarp]] and plantations of [[palm oil]] and [[pulpwood]] threaten many rare species in the province due to the effects of [[habitat destruction]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McVeigh|first=Tracy|title=Greed and demand doom rainforest|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/other-world/greed-and-demand-doom-rainforest-1.751876|accessdate=28 January 2011|date=January 28, 2011}}</ref> [[Peat bog fire]]s and droughts or flooding during [[ENSO]] episodes also threaten the area and are worsened by ongoing [[deforestation in Indonesia|deforestation]]. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Revision as of 01:55, 28 January 2011
West Kalimantan
Kalimantan Barat | |
|---|---|
 Seal | |
| Motto(s): Akçaya (Sanskirt) (Immortal) | |
 Location of Province of West Kalimantan in Indonesia | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Capital | Pontianak |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Drs. Cornelis M.H |
| Area | |
| • Total | 146,807 km2 (56,682 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • Total | 4,393,239 |
| • Density | 30/km2 (78/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | Dayak (33.75%), Malay (33.75%), Chinese (10.01%), Javanese (9.41%), Madurese (5.51%), Bugis (3.29%), Sundanese (1.21%), Malay Banjarese (0.66%), Batak (0.56%), Others (1.85%)[2] |
| • Religion | Islam (57.6%), Catholic (24.1%), Protestant (10%), Buddhism (6.4%), Hindu (0.2%),others (1.7%) |
| • Languages | Indonesian (official), Malay, Dayak, Chinese dialects of Hakka and Teochew |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (WIB) |
| Website | kalbar.go.id |
West Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Barat often abbreviated to Kalbar) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of four Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city Pontianak is located right on the Equator line.
The province has an area of 146,807 km² with a recorded 2010 census population of 4,393,239.[1] Major ethnic groups include the Dayak, Malay, Chinese, which make up about 90% of the total population. The rest are Javanese, Bugis, Madurese, and other ethnicities.
The borders of West Kalimantan roughly trace the mountain ranges surrounding the watershed of the Kapuas River, which drains most of the province. West Kalimantan is subdivided into two urban cities (kota) and ten rural regencies (kabupaten). The cities are Pontianak and Singkawang; the regencies are Sambas, Bengkayang, Pontianak, Ketapang, Landak, Sanggau, Sekadau, Sintang, Melawi , Kapuas Hulu, and the youngest regencies Kayong Utara and Kubu Raya. About 29 percent of the population lives in the Pontianak area.
There was a serious outbreak of communal violence in the province between indigenous Dayak and Madurese settlers in late 1997 and early 2000, resulting in about 500 deaths. [3] [4]
History
The history of West Kalimantan can be dated back to 17th century. Dayaks was the main inhabitants of the province before 17th century. The Malay migrated to West Kalimantan and built their own sultanates. The high Chinese population in this province was due to a republic founded by Chinese miners called Lanfang Republic after they defeated the local Malay sultans. The government of Lanfang Republic was ended in West Kalimantan after the Dutch occupation in 1884. [citation needed]
West Kalimantan was under Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, when Indonesia declared its Independence. During the Japanese occupation, more than 21,000 people in Pontianak (including sultans, nobleman, women and children) were kidnapped, tortured and massacred by Japanese troops. Japanese intelligence had become concerned that the ethnic Chinese were planning to start a rebellion, and were worried that people in the city had received guns and ammunition from the Chinese government. [citation needed]
After the end of war, the Japanese officers in Pontianak were arrested by allied troops and brought in front of an international military tribune. During the trial, it was revealed that the plan to start the rebellion did not exist and instead was only an imaginary plan created by Japanese officers who wanted to get promoted.[citation needed]
The massacre occurred from April 23, 1943 to June 28, 1944 and most of the victims were buried in several giant wells in Mandor (88 km from Pontianak). Allied forces occupying the area after the war found several thousand bones, and more than 60 years after the massacre, several secret graves of the victims were found in Mandor and the surrounding areas. [citation needed]
A monument called Makam Juang Mandor was created to commemorate this tragic event.
West Kalimantan was the site of substantial fighting during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation under the Sukarno government in the mid-1960s. After Suharto deposed Sukarno in 1965, the confrontation was quickly resolved. Domestic conflict continued, however, for another ten years between the new military Suharto government and fighters organized during the confrontation and backed by the banned Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).(see Indonesian killings of 1965–66)
==Ecology==
There are three National Parks in the province: Danau Sentarum, Gunung Palung and Betung Kerihun. Currently, illegal logging for trees such as diptocarp and plantations of palm oil and pulpwood threaten many rare species in the province due to the effects of habitat destruction.[5] Peat bog fires and droughts or flooding during ENSO episodes also threaten the area and are worsened by ongoing deforestation.
Notes
- ^ a b Central Bureau of Statistics: Census 2010, retrieved 17 January 2011 Template:Id
- ^ Overcoming Violent Conflict: Volume 1, Peace and Development Analysis in West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Madura (PDF). Prevention and Recovery Unit – United Nations Development Programme, LabSosio and BAPPENAS. 2005. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
- ^ http://hrwpubs.stores.yahoo.net/weskal12.html
- ^ http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit51/hrw2.htm
- ^ McVeigh, Tracy (January 28, 2011). "Greed and demand doom rainforest". Retrieved 28 January 2011.
References
- J. Braithwaite, V. Braithwaite, M. Cookson & L. Dunn, Anomie and Violence: Non-truth and Reconciliation in Indonesian Peacebuilding (ANU E-Press: 2010) [1]
- Davidson, Jamie S. and Douglas Kammen (2002). Indonesia's unknown war and the lineages of violence in West Kalimantan. Indonesia 73:53.
- Yuan, Bing Ling (1999). Chinese Democracies - A Study of the Kongsis of West Borneo (1776 – 1884).
External links
- WWF Heart of Borneo conservation initiative - Information about the Heart of Borneo - 220,000 km² of upland montane tropical rainforest, where endangered species such as the orang-utan, rhinoceros and pygmy elephant cling for survival.
- A Study of the Kongsis of West Borneo.
Regencies and cities of West Kalimantan | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital: Pontianak | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||