2009 Iranian presidential election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by MakeBelieveMonster (talk | contribs) at 04:48, 14 June 2009 (More specific - result is disputed.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Iranian presidential election, 2009
← 2005 12 June 2009 2013 →
 
Nominee Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Party ABII Independent Reformist
Popular vote 24,527,516 13,216,411
Percentage 62.63% 33.75%
Politics of Iran
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Leadership
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Supreme Councils
Local governments
Elections
Political parties and factions
Inside government
Reformists
Principlists
Outside government
Monarchism
Liberalism
Nationalism
Pan-Iranism
Socialism
Ideology
Foreign relations
Related topics

The 2009 Iranian presidential election was held on 12 June 2009 in Iran,[1] the tenth presidential election to be held in the country. The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official, but does not control foreign policy or the armed forces. Candidates have to be vetted by the Guardian Council, a body of six clerics selected by Iran's Supreme Leader, and six lawyers proposed by the head of Iran's judicial system and voted in by the Parliament.[2][clarification needed]

With two-thirds of the votes counted, the Islamic Republic News Agency, Iran's official news agency, announced that incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had won the election with 66% of the votes cast.[3] Mir-Hossein Mousavi received 33% of the votes cast.[4][5]

However, international observers from the American congress[6] and media[7][8] have expressed doubts about the result of the election. Mousavi issued a statement saying, "I'm warning that I won't surrender to this charade," and he urged his backers to fight the decision as well as to avoid committing acts of violence.[9] Protests, in favour of Mousavi and against the alleged fraud, broke out in Tehran. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urged the nation to unite behind Ahmadinejad, labeling the victory by him as a "divine assessment".[10]

Election process

Further information: [[:President of Iran]] and [[:Politics of Iran]]

Ahmadinejad became President of Iran after the 2005 election. The losing candidates at that time claimed irregularities at the polls, but the charges were not investigated. Associated Press has described the Iranian election process as "generally fair" throughout its history.[10]

The President is elected by direct vote, however candidates for the presidency must be approved by the 12-member Council of Guardians. Candidates need to win a majority (more than half) to become President. Iran has a two-round system: if none of the candidates wins the majority in the first round, the top two candidates will go to a run-off. The first round was held on 12 June 2009, and the run-off, if necessary, will be held one week later, on 19 June 2009.[11] All Iranian citizens of age 16 and up are eligible to vote. Both the Iranian Center for Statistics and the Iranian Ministry of the Interior have stated that there are around 46.2 million eligible voters.[12]

Candidates

On 20 May 2009, the Guardian Council officially announced a list of approved candidates, while rejecting a number of registered nominees.[13]

Approved candidates

Conservatives
Reformists

Rejected candidates

Conservatives
Independents

Withdrawn candidates

Potential candidates

The following people were said to be possible candidates in the election, but did not register within the five days allowed for registration.[19] Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President and chairman of the Assembly of Experts, would have been over 75 years old on the election day and therefore ineligible to run by election law.

Conservatives who declined to run
Reformists who declined to run

Campaign

Further information: [[:Mir-Hossein Mousavi presidential campaign, 2009]]
Mir-Hossein Mousavi supporters in Tehran.

The incumbent was Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The Iranian reform movement attempted to unite behind a single candidate; former President Mohammad Khatami had been the leading opponent to Ahmadinejad in some opinion polls until he withdrew and endorsed former Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi.[26] Former Speaker of the Majlis Mehdi Karroubi, another Reformist, was also running, as was former Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard, Mohsen Rezaee, a Conservative.

The campaign was described as "unusually open by Iranian standards, but also highly acrimonious."[27] It was marked by heated rhetoric between the incumbent and his challengers. Mousavi and two other candidates said Ahmadinejad had lied about the state of the economy, which was suffering from high inflation and a fall in oil revenues from last year's record levels. Ahmadinejad responded by comparing his opponents to Adolf Hitler, adding that they could be jailed for their comments. "No one has the right to insult the president, and they did it. And this is a crime. The person who insulted the president should be punished, and the punishment is jail... Such insults and accusations against the government are a return to Hitler's methods, to repeat lies and accusations ... until everyone believes those lies," Ahmadinejad said.[28]

The campaign was the most expensive in the Islamic republic's history, with the two main candidates spending more than tens of millions of dollars in bid to convince voters to support them. Funds were spent on, among other things, a mass distribution of computerized propaganda, such as CDs and DVDs. Another interesting phenomenon which took place during the campaign was a dramatic rise in the number of text messages sent to Iranian cell phone subscribers, from 60 million messages a day to some 110 million.[29]

Debates

Between 2 June and 8 June 2009 Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting broadcast nightly debates on TV channel IRIB 3 between two candidates at a time, with each candidate facing the others once. This was the first time Iran had held televised debates between candidates.[30] Each debate lasted for around one and half hours. During the debate on 3 June between President Mahmud Ahmadinejad and reformist rival, former Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Ahmadinejad made accusations regarding former presidents Mohammad Khatami and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the Iranian Revolution. Rafsanjani responded to these charges on 9 June in an open letter to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei requesting the he step in to rebuke Ahmadinejad for his comments at the debate.[31][32]

Opinion polls

The opinion polls in Iran have been considered unreliable.[33][34] A number of polls conducted between relatively small voting groups, like university students and workers, have been reported as election propaganda. More general polls reported in the media do not state the polling organization nor the basic facts about the methodology. The results show a high variance and depend heavily on who is reporting the poll.[35][36] In 2002, the polling organization Ayandeh and another polling organization was closed and its directors were arrested.[37] The director of Ayandeh, Abbas Abdi, spent several years in prison.[38]

Mousavi's and Karroubi's campaign posters in Tehran claimed that a high turnout would reduce Ahmadinejad's chance of winning the election.[39] Karroubi's campaign manager, Gholamhossein Karbaschi, claimed that the chance of Ahmadinejad losing the election would be over 65 percent if over 32 million people voted, but less than 35 percent if less than 27 million people voted.[39]

Immediately before the end of the election, the former Iranian president, Khatami, predicted that Mousavi would win.[40]

Polling Organisation Date Poll details Candidate
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Mehdi Karroubi Mir-Hossein Mousavi Mohsen Rezaee
reported by Rooz Online[41] before 9 June 2009 Nationwide; 7900 people 23% Unknown 54%–57% Unknown
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[42] before 9 June 2009 1743 people 25.5% 6.1% 37.6% 30.8%
reported by Alef [43] before 8 June 2009 Major cities 61.7 Unknown 28 Unknown
reported by Alef [43] before 8 June 2009 Tehran 42 Unknown 46 Unknown
IRIB, reported by Alef [44] before 7 June 2009 Tehran 47.5 Unknown 39.9 Unknown
IRIB, reported by Alef [44] before 7 June 2009 more than 16,000 people, 30 major cities in each Province 62.7 Unknown 25.7 Unknown
reported by Baznevis[45] before 6 June 2009 16,945 people 22.5% 7.5% 64% 4%
reported by ILNA[46] before 5 June 2009 Nationwide 300,000 people 24.61% 10.72% 54.53% 10.14%
Rahbord e Danesh, reported by Tabnak[47] before 3 June 2009 1743 people 29.5% 7.5% 37.5% 25.2%
Rayemelat[48] before 3 June 2009 Tehran 33% 10% 50% 6%
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[49] before 1 June 2009 major cities 53% Unknown 36% Unknown
Baznevis, reported by Tabnak[50] before 31 May 2009 Nationwide; 77,058 people 33% 3% 36% 27%
Aftab News, reported by Tabnak[50] before 31 May 2009 Nationwide; 18,391 people; (Who will you not vote for?) (62%) (7%) (28%) (4%)
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[50] 31 May 2009 Nationwide 32% 6% 36% 27%
reported by Ghalamnews[51] before 27 May 2009 1650 people 35% Unknown 54% Unknown
reported by Rayemelat[52] before 27 May 2009 Tehran only 36% 9% 48% 5%
Young Journalists Club (IRIB affiliated)[53] before 30 May 2009 Nationwide; 30,000 people 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
reported by Ayandeh News[54] before 26 May 2009 10 major cities 34% Unknown 38% Unknown
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting[54] before 26 May 2009 Tehran only 43% Unknown 47% Unknown
New America Foundation[55] before 20 May 2009 Nationwide; 1001 people 34% 2% 14% 1%
reported by Rayemelat[56] 14 May 2009 Tehran only 42% 6% 44% 4%
Etemad-e-Melli[57] before 13 May 2009 Nationwide 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[50] 5 May 2009 Nationwide 38% 12% 32% 15%
reported by Rajanews/Press TV[58][59] 3 May 2009–4 May 2009 62 cities 59% Unknown 22% Unknown
Government[58] before 3 May 2009 Unknown 54% (45% in Tehran) Unknown 22% (29% in Tehran) Unknown
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[50] 4 April 2009 Nationwide 40% 8% 24% 1%
Worker's Statistical Institute[60] late March 2009 Nationwide survey of workers 36% 8% 52% Unknown
Rahbord Danesh, reported by Tabnak[50] 5 March 2009 Nationwide 44% 7% 13% 0%

Violence

On 1 June, a campaign office of Ahmadinejad's primary opponent, Mir Hossein Moussavi, was torched. The office was located in the city of Qum, in northwest Iran. No group claimed responsibility for the attack. At the same time, it was reported that an assassination had been attempted against former president Mohammad Khatami by means of a bomb placed on an aircraft he was to board.[61]

Blocking of communications

On 23 May 2009, the Iranian government temporarily blocked access to Facebook across the country. Gulfnews.com reported that this move was a response to the use of Facebook by candidates running against the incumbent Ahmadinejad.[62] PC World reported that Mousavi's Facebook page had more than 6,600 supporters.[63] Access was restored by 26 May 2009.[64] On 13 June, it has more than 40,000 supporters.[65]

On 13 June 2009, when thousands of opposition supporters clashed with the police, it was filtered again. Some news websites were also blocked by the Iranian authorities. Mobile phone services including text messaging also stopped or became very difficult to use.[66] Specifically, all websites affiliated with the BBC were shut off.[9] Associated Press labeled the actions "ominous measures apparently seeking to undercut liberal voices".[10]

Results

The election had seen huge candidate rallies in Iranian cities,[11] and turnout was very high with over 80 percent of the electorate reportedly voting.[67] If no candidate had received a majority of support, a run-off election would have been held on 19 June 2009.[11] At the closing of election polls, both leading candidates, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Mir-Hossein Mousavi, claimed victory, with both candidates telling the press that their sources have them at 58–60% of the total vote.[68] Early reports had claimed a turnout of 32 million votes cast.[69][70] Ahmadinejad's rival, Mousavi, warned the Iranian people of possible vote fraud.[71][72] Mousavi announced on his website that he in fact was the person that received the majority of the voting and that his name was replaced by Ahmadinejad's.[73] Several political analysts have contested the results.[74] BBC News reported that many Iranians were deeply skeptical of poll results that showed Ahmadinejad winning a decisive majority of votes in the region that forms Mousavi's base of support.[9]

He urged his supporters to reject what he saw as "blatant violations" of democracy and its replacement by "the rule of authoritarianism and tyranny." He declared on Friday:

"The results announced for the 10th presidential elections are astonishing. People who stood in long lines and knew well who they voted for were utterly surprised by the magicians working at the television and radio broadcasting".[67]

Template:Iranian presidential election, 2009

Aftermath

According to a report by an unofficial source, candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi was arrested following his defeat en route to the home of Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.[75] Independent journalist Michael Totten has questioned the authenticity of this story.[76] Other anonymous sources said that the police stormed the headquarters of the Islamic Iran Participation Front and arrested a number of people.[10]

Protests

People in the streets.

Clashes broke out between police and groups protesting the election results from early morning on Saturday onward. Initially, the protests were largely peaceful. However, as time passed, they became increasingly violent. Some protesters began to get violent after the results of the election were announced. Angry crowds in Tehran broke into shops, tore down signs and smashed windows.[67] The worst civil unrest in Iran for over a decade took place as protesters set fire to tires outside the Interior Ministry building and others formed a human chain of around 300 people to close off a major Tehran street. Reporters from the Italian public television broadcaster RAI stated that one of its interpreters was beaten with clubs by riot police and the officers then confiscated the cameraman's tapes.[10]

File:Iranian presidential election, 2009, protests (1).jpg
People in the streets, protesting.

Al Jazeera English has described the situation as the "biggest unrest since the 1979 revolution." It also reported that protests seemed spontaneous without any formal organization.[66] Two hundred people protested outside Iran's embassy in London on June 13.[77] Mousavi has urged for calm and asked that his supporters refrain from acts of violence.[9]

Iranian reactions

Mousavi issued a statement saying, "I'm warning that I won't surrender to this manipulation." Protests in favor of Mousavi against the alleged fraud broke out in Tehran. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has urged the nation to unite behind Ahmadinejad, labeling a victory by him as a "divine assessment."[10] Iranian Interior Minister Sadeq Mahsouli has said that he has not received any "written complaint" about election fraud or irregularities. He has also remarked that the vote proceeded in a way that "ruled out the possibility of cheating."[78]

On 13 June, President Ahmadinejad in a live address on state run television, called the election "completely free" and the outcome "a great victory" for Iran. He also said, "[t]oday, the people of Iran have inspired other nations and disappointed their ill-wishers... propaganda facilities outside Iran and sometimes inside Iran were totally mobilized against our people." Ahmadinejad praised the country’s youth as well, but made no direct mention of the protests.[66]

International reactions

  • Canada Canadian Foreign Minister Lawrence Cannon said that his country was "deeply concerned" by reports of election irregularities.[10]
  • Syria Ahmadinejad's official victory was hailed by Syria, which maintains close relations with Iran, and by Gazan ruling militant group Hamas, which is viewed by many as an Iranian proxy.[79]
  • United States On 13 June, White House press secretary Robert Gibbs stated "Like the rest of the world, we were impressed by the vigorous debate and enthusiasm that this election generated, particularly among young Iranians. We continue to monitor the entire situation closely, including reports of irregularities".[80] On 12 June—prior to the declaration of the winner—President Obama reacting to a question on the elections stated "We are excited to see what appears to be a robust debate taking place in Iran".[81]
  • Venezuela The Venezuelan President, Hugo Chavez, phoned Ahmadinejad to congratulate his "great and important victory for people fighting for a better world".[82]

International observers—including Fox News Channel[6] and the New York Times[83]—have expressed doubts about the result of the election.

References

  1. ^ "Iran To Hold Presidential Election In June 2009" (Reuters). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Mohamad Bazzi, Iran Elections: Latest News, Washington Post 12-06-2009
  3. ^ "Ahmadinejad 'leads Iran poll count'". Al Jazeera English. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. "Doctor Ahmadinejad, by getting a majority of the votes, has become the definite winner of the 10th presidential election," the news agency said.
  4. ^ "Both Sides Claim Victory in Presidential Election in Iran". The New York Times. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. The election commission said early Saturday morning that, with 77 percent of the votes counted, Mr. Ahmadinejad had won 65 percent and Mr. Moussavi had 32 percent, Reuters reported.
  5. ^ "Ahmadinejad wins Iran presidential election". BBC News. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  6. ^ a b "Official: Obama Administration Skeptical of Iran's Election Results". Fox News. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  7. ^ "Landslide or Fraud? The Debate Online Over Iran's Election Results". The New York Times: The Lede. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ http://kristof.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/irans-crossroads/
  9. ^ a b c d "Ahmadinejad defiant on 'free' Iran poll". BBC News. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Election Battles Turn Into Street Fights in Iran". ABC News. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  11. ^ a b c Leyne, Jon (11 June 2009). "Ahmadinejad courts a divided Iran". BBC News. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  12. ^ "Q & A: Iran's presidential election". BBC News. 9 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  13. ^ "Middle East | Iran approves main presidential candidates". BBC News. 2009-05-20. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  14. ^ "رفعت بيات: معاون اول من يک زن خواهد بود". Tabnak.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  15. ^ "اكبر اعلمي اعلام كانديداتوري كرد". Tabnak.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  16. ^ "تصاویر مربوط به ثبت نام و نشست مطبوعاتی اکبر اعلمی در وزارت کشور - Akbar Alami's Personal website ::: وب سايت شخصي اكبر اعلمي". Akbaralami.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  17. ^ "Fars News Agency : شعله‌سعدي: تداركاتچي ها ملت را به عقب بازمي گردانند". Farsnews.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  18. ^ Najibullah, Farangis (17 March 2009). "Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race, Backs Another Reformist Candidate". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
  19. ^ "Tik News". Tik News. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  20. ^ "قالیباف احتمال کاندیداتوری انتخابات و ریاست صدا و سیما را تکذیب کرد". Islamic Republic News Agency. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  21. ^ a b "Khamenei's 'aide rules out presidential run'". Middle East Times. Agence France-Presse. 26 October 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |curly= ignored (help)
  22. ^ Behnegarsoft.com. "پايگاه خبری تحليلی فرارو - روایت پورمحمدي از ماجراهاي آذر 77 و قتل هاي زنجيره يي". Fararu.com. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  23. ^ معصومه ابتكار نامزد انتخابات دهم مي‌شود, Entekhab News (انتخاب), ۲۳ فروردین ۱۳۸۸
  24. ^ "ابتكار سبز >> حمایت از میرحسین موسوی به جای کاندیداتوری". Greenebtekar.persianblog.ir. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  25. ^ Rubin, Michael (31 July 2008). "Iran News Round Up". National Review Online. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
  26. ^ Erdbrink, Thomas (18 March 2009). "Khatami Pulls Out of Presidential Race". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  27. ^ Colin Freeman, Iran elections: revolt as crowds protest at Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's 'rigged' victory The Telegraph 13-06-2009
  28. ^ Ahmadinejad calls rival Iran candidates 'Hitler', Reuters (reprinted in Haaretz 10-06-2009
  29. ^ Doron Peskin, Iranian election campaign costs millions, Ynet News 13-06-2009
  30. ^ "Karroubi: Debates can prove who is qualified for president". Tehran Times. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  31. ^ Nafisi, Rasool (11 June 2009). "In Iran, The Election Is Being Televised". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  32. ^ "Rafsanjani reacts to allegations". Tehran Times. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  33. ^ "جستارها و گفتارهای حسین قاضیان | انتخابات 88؛ نظرسنجی‌‌ها و راهبردها". Daal.ir. 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  34. ^ "نظرسنجی های انتخاباتی: ساختگی یا واقعی؟". BBC Persian.
  35. ^ "جستارها و گفتارهای حسین قاضیان | انتخابات 88؛ نظرسنجی‌‌ها و راهبردها". Daal.ir. 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  36. ^ "نظرسنجی های انتخاباتی: ساختگی یا واقعی؟". BBC Persian.
  37. ^ "World | Middle East | Leading Iranian reformist 'arrested'". BBC News. 2002-11-04. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  38. ^ "Eleven jailed journalists start new year in harsh prison conditions". IFEX. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  39. ^ a b Akbar Dareini, Ali (2009-05-22). "Iran reformists hope for high election turnout". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  40. ^ "Iran vote extended with turnout heavy".
  41. ^ "Roozonline Poll Khordad 19".
  42. ^ "Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 19".
  43. ^ a b "Poll 8 June reported by Alef".
  44. ^ a b "IRIB Poll 8 June".
  45. ^ "Banevis Poll Khordad 16".
  46. ^ "ميرحسين موسوي با 54 درصد در دور اول انتخابات پيروز خواهد شد".
  47. ^ "Rahbord e Danesh Poll Khordad 13".
  48. ^ "Rayemelat Poll 6 June".
  49. ^ "Ahamdinejad (sic) leading polls in major cities". Press TV. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  50. ^ a b c d e f "وضعیت نامزدهای انتخاباتی در نتایج یک نظرسنجی". tabnak.ir. 2009-05-31. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01., from bar graph
  51. ^ "Mousavi's votes are increasing and Ahmadinejad's votes decrease". Ghalamnews.
  52. ^ "رای ملت". Rayemelat.com. 2009-05-27. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
  53. ^ "Karroubi overtakes Moussavi in election poll". Press TV. 2009-05-30. Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
  54. ^ a b "Moussavi takes lead in 10 major cities: poll". Press TV. 2009-05-26. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
  55. ^ "New America Foundation Poll" (PDF)., (see p.8)
  56. ^ "رای ملت". Rayemelat.com. 2009-05-24. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  57. ^ "Karroubi passes rival Moussavi in poll". Press TV. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
  58. ^ a b "Ahmadinejad leads election poll by big margin". Press TV. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  59. ^ . Xinhua News Agency http://www.webcitation.org/5hDQB8V7E. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-05-24. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  60. ^ "Iran: Worker poll puts reformist presidential candidate ahead - Adnkronos Politics". Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  61. ^ Violence mars Iranian election campaign, Jerusalem Post 02-06-2009
  62. ^ "Iran blocks access to Facebook: report". Gulf News. 2009-05-24. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  63. ^ "Facebook Blocked in Iran Ahead of Elections". PC World. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  64. ^ "Iran restores access to Facebook, days after blocking the site". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
  65. ^ "Incompatible Browser". Facebook. 1997-07-26. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  66. ^ a b c "Poll results prompt Iran protests". Al Jazeera English. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  67. ^ a b c "Iran election protests turn violent". CNN. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  68. ^ "Ahmadinejad 'leads in Iran election'". BBC News. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  69. ^ "Scuffles in Tehran as Ahmadinejad and Mousavi both claim victory". Press TV. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  70. ^ Hafezi, Parisa (2009-01-13). "Victory claims made ahead of official results in Iran - Scotsman.com News". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  71. ^ "Iran's Ahmadinejad, rival both claim election win". AP. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  72. ^ "Scuffles in Tehran as Ahmadinejad and Mousavi both claim victory". The Times. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  73. ^ "موج سوم؛ پایگاه اطلاع رسانی «پویش (کمپین) دعوت از خاتمی»". Mowj.ir. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  74. ^ "INSTANT VIEW: Iran's election result staggers analysts". Reuters. 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  75. ^ Yossi Melman, Report: Defeated Ahmadinejad rival arrested in Iran, Haaretz 14-06-2009
  76. ^ Michael Totten (13 June 2009). "Iran on Fire (Continuously updated)". Retrieved 13 June 2009.
  77. ^ "Manifestation devant l'ambassade d'Iran à Londres" (in French). Yahoo! France. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  78. ^ "Ahmadinejad Wins Landslide". Iran Daily. June 13, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2009. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  79. ^ "Hamas, Syria hail Ahmadinejad victory in Iran election". Haaretz. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  80. ^ "Statement by Press Secretary Robert Gibbs on the Iranian Election". whitehouse.gov. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  81. ^ "Remarks on Passage of Kids Tobacco Legislation, an Answer on Iranian Elections". whitehouse.gov. 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-06-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  82. ^ Ahmadinejad Re-Elected, Iran Rivals See 'Violations', Bloomberg, 2006-06-13
  83. ^ "Landslide or Fraud? The Debate Online Over Iran's Election Results". The New York Times: The Lede. 13 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. {{cite news}}: External link in |publisher= (help)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iranian presidential election 2009.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_Iranian_presidential_election&oldid=296297241"