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[[Vaclav Klaus]], the president of the Czech Republic, defended Monckton's views, commenting: "I agree with Lord Monckton that the cap-and-trade bill 'is the largest tax increase ever to be inflicted on a population in the history of the world'",<ref>http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/11/05/v-225-clav-klaus-largest-tax-increase-in-world-history.aspx</ref> and nationally syndicated US right-wing conservative radio commentator [[Michael Savage (commentator)|Michael Savage]] praised Monckton's tour, saying: "it is very rare we get someone as succinct, and as literate, and as passionate ... as Lord Christopher Monckton."<ref>http://vodpod.com/watch/2584299-dr-savage-interviews-lord-christopher-monckton-4</ref>
[[Vaclav Klaus]], the president of the Czech Republic, defended Monckton's views, commenting: "I agree with Lord Monckton that the cap-and-trade bill 'is the largest tax increase ever to be inflicted on a population in the history of the world'",<ref>http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/11/05/v-225-clav-klaus-largest-tax-increase-in-world-history.aspx</ref> and nationally syndicated US right-wing conservative radio commentator [[Michael Savage (commentator)|Michael Savage]] praised Monckton's tour, saying: "it is very rare we get someone as succinct, and as literate, and as passionate ... as Lord Christopher Monckton."<ref>http://vodpod.com/watch/2584299-dr-savage-interviews-lord-christopher-monckton-4</ref>

In response to Monckton's 2009 appearance at a symposium sponsored by the Minnesota Free Market Institute, [[University of St. Thomas]] professor of thermal engineering John Abraham prepared a 73-minute slide show titled ''[http://www.stthomas.edu/engineering/jpabraham/ A Scientist Replies to Christopher Monckton]''. Writing in ''The Guardian'', Abraham described how he had systematically checked Monckton's claims but found that "none of the authors or papers made the claims that Monckton attributed to them", in what Abraham described as a "chronic" pattern of misrepresentation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Abraham|first=John|title=Monckton takes scientist to brink of madness at climate change talk|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/jun/03/monckton-us-climate-change-talk-denial|date=3 June 2010|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Monckton issued a [http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/reprint/response_to_john_abraham.pdf 99-page response] asking Abraham almost 500 questions. As well as accusing him of malice, Monckton demanded that Abraham remove his critique from the web, print an apology and retraction and provide a compensatory payment of $110,000.<ref>{{cite news|last=Monbiot|first=George|title=Monckton's response to John Abraham is magnificently bonkers|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2010/jul/14/monckton-john-abraham|date=14 July 2010|work=The Guardian}}</ref>


====American Physical Society article on climate sensitivity====
====American Physical Society article on climate sensitivity====

Revision as of 19:06, 21 July 2010

This article is about the hereditary peer and climate change sceptic. For the musician, see Christopher J. Monckton. For Ian Lang, or Baron Lang of Monkton (Conservative politician and chair of Advisory Committee on Business Appointments), see Ian Lang.

Christopher Walter Monckton
3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley
Christopher Monckton in Washington, D.C. (27 January 2010)
Names
Christopher Walter Monckton
ReligionRoman Catholic Christianity
OccupationBusiness consultant, inventor, journalist

Christopher Walter Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley is a British politician, consultant, writer, columnist, and hereditary peer. Since June 2010 he has been the deputy leader of the UK Independence Party.[1] He served as an advisor to Margaret Thatcher's policy unit in the 1980s and invented the Eternity puzzle at the end of the 1990s, as well as the Eternity II in 2007. In recent years, Monckton has attracted attention for his denialist stance on anthropogenic global warming.

Biography

Personal life

Monckton was born on 14 February 1952, the eldest son of the late Major-General 2nd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, CB, OBE, MC, MA, DL and Marianna Letitia (nee Bower), former High Sheriff of Kent and a Dame of Malta. He was educated at Harrow School, Harrow, London; Churchill College, Cambridge, where he received a BA (Honours) in classics in 1973, and an MA in 1974; and University College, Cardiff, where he obtained a diploma in Journalism Studies. In 1990, he married Juliet Mary Anne Malherbe Jensen. Monckton is a Roman Catholic Christian.

His sister is Rosa Monckton, who was a friend of Diana, Princess of Wales.[2]

The heir to the viscountcy is his younger brother The Honourable Timothy David Robert Monckton.

Monckton is a liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Broderers, an Officer of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, a Knight of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, and a member of the Roman Catholic Mass Media Commission. He is also a qualified Day Skipper with the Royal Yachting Association, and has been a Trustee of the Hales Trophy for the Blue Riband of the Atlantic since 1986.[3]

Although he has asserted that as an hereditary peer he is "a member of the House of Lords, though without the right to sit or vote", and in a letter to US Senators (Olympia Snowe and Senator John D. Rockefeller) he asserted that he was "a member of the Upper House of the United Kingdom legislature."[4], the House of Lords has stated that "Christopher Monckton is not and has never been a Member of the House of Lords. There is no such thing as a 'non-voting' or 'honorary' member."[5]

He was an unsuccessful candidate for a Conservative seat in the House of Lords in a March 2007 by-election caused by the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton. Of the 43 candidates, 31 – including Monckton – received no votes in the election.[6] He was highly critical of the way that the Lords had been reformed, describing the by-election procedure, with 43 candidates and 47 electors, as "a bizarre constitutional abortion."[7]

Career

Monckton joined the Yorkshire Post in 1974 at the age of 22, where he worked as a reporter and leader-writer. From 1977 to 1978, he worked at Conservative Central Office as a press officer, becoming the editor of the Roman Catholic newspaper The Universe in 1979, then managing editor of The Sunday Telegraph Magazine in 1981. He joined the London Evening Standard newspaper as a leader-writer in 1982.[3]

In 1979 Monckton met Alfred Sherman, who co-founded the pro-Conservative think tank the Centre for Policy Studies with Margaret Thatcher and Keith Joseph in 1974. Sherman asked Monckton to take the minutes at the CPS's study group meetings.[8] Monckton subsequently became the secretary for the centre's economic, forward strategy, health and employment study groups.[9] He wrote a paper on the privatisation of council housing by means of a rent-to-mortgages scheme that brought him to the attention of Downing Street.[8] Ferdinand Mount, the head of the Number 10 Policy Unit and a former CPS director, brought Monckton into the Policy Unit in 1982, where he worked until 1986 as a special advisor on economic matters.[9][10]

He left the Policy Unit to become assistant editor of the newly established, and now defunct, tabloid newspaper Today. He was a consulting editor for the Evening Standard from 1987 to 1992 and was its chief leader-writer from 1990 to 1992.[3]

In 1999, Monckton created and published the Eternity puzzle, a geometric puzzle which involved tiling a dodecagon with 209 irregularly shaped polygons called Polydrafters. A £1m prize was won after 18 months by two Cambridge mathematicians.[11] By that time, 500,000 puzzles had been sold. Monckton claimed that he had to sell his home, Crimonmogate, to pay the prize;[11] he later said the story was a publicity stunt.[12][13] A second puzzle, Eternity II, was launched on 28 July 2007, with a prize of $2 million.

In 2004 Monckton advised a London-based employment firm which was investigated by the National Crime Squad probing an alleged immigration racket involving hundreds of eastern European migrants who were brought to Britain on bogus visas. Monckton was their immigration adviser.[14]

In June 2010 the UK Independence Party announced that Monckton had been appointed as its deputy leader, to serve alongside David Campbell Bannerman.[1]

Political views

Climate change

"You won't see them flashing past, as they scuttle down to their noisome lairs—there to snivel in the darkness".
— Monckton on what he claims will be the fate of climate scientists who have allegedly distorted temperature data. Interview with Bob Parks (2010)

Monckton is critical of the theory of anthropogenic causes for climate change and the stated scope of it, which he regards as a controversy catalysed by "the need of the international left for a new flag to rally round following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989".[15] He has expressed doubt about the reality of global warming in a number of newspaper articles and papers. However, his credentials as a commentator on climate change have been questioned. James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore note in their book Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming that Monckton has "no training whatsoever in science" and criticise his asserted credentials as "unfounded self-promotion."[16]

In the first of two Sunday Telegraph editorials published in November 2006, Monckton disputed whether global warming is man-made, suggested that it is unlikely to prove catastrophic, and criticised the science presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In particular, he has criticised the IPCC's interpretation of the Medieval Warm Period, cited the "hockey stick" controversy as evidence of faulty science, argued that the science in the IPCC reports has misapplied the Stefan–Boltzmann law, and supported the solar variation theory as a possible explanation of global warming. In an apparent reference to claims made by Gavin Menzies, he further stated "There was little ice at the North Pole: a Chinese naval squadron sailed right round the Arctic in 1421 and found none."[17]

Editorial writer for The Guardian George Monbiot has criticised Monckton's arguments, labelling them "cherry-picking, downright misrepresentation and pseudo-scientific gibberish".[18] In response, Monckton argued that he "got the science right", claiming that Monbiot got "too many facts wrong" and had shown "ignorance of the elementary physics".[19]

In the second Sunday Telegraph opinion piece Monckton looked at economic aspects of the U.K. government's Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, arguing that the review's recommendation to invest 1% of global GDP per annum in climate change mitigation would be ineffective, as would the introduction of carbon taxes and emissions trading, as a means of curbing carbon emissions. He has proposed instead that the best solution should be to "go nuclear and reverse 20th-century deforestation."[20]

In February 2007, he published a critique of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report on climate change.[21] Monckton's CV [22] as Chief Policy Adviser at the Science and Public Policy Institute (SPPI) claims that "the correction of a table inserted by IPCC bureaucrats... earned him the status of Nobel Peace Laureate." In January 2010, Monckton voiced this claim on an Australian radio broadcast. When later questioned about this by reporters [23], Monckton conceded that his claim to have won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 was "a joke". As of 6 June 2010, the claim that Monckton is a Nobel Peace Laureate has not been removed from the SPPI web site

Monckton played a role in a legal challenge heard in the High Court of Justice in October 2007 in a bid to prevent An Inconvenient Truth from being shown in English schools. In an interview with the conservative American talk radio host Glenn Beck, Monckton stated that he had prompted an unnamed friend to fund the case "to fight back against this tide of unscientific freedom-destroying nonsense" and had played a direct role in the litigation against the British government.[24] He was also reported to have funded the distribution to schools of the documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle as a riposte to Gore's film.[25]

In March 2007, Monckton ran a series of advertisements in The New York Times and Washington Post challenging Al Gore to an internationally televised debate on climate change. The former U.S. Vice President responded in writing but refused to debate.[26] The Science and Public Policy Institute provided funding for Monckton to produce a response to An Inconvenient Truth, titled Apocalypse?, No!, described as "showing Monckton presenting a slide show in a vitriolic attack on climate change science."[25] The film includes footage of Monckton giving a Gore-style presentation on 8 October 2007 at the Cambridge Union in which he asserted that Gore and the IPCC had systematically falsified and exaggerated the evidence for global warming.[25][27]

During the autumn of 2009, Monckton toured North America to campaign against the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2009. He warned that a treaty was planned for the conference that would "impose a communist world government on the world", which no country would then be able to repeal.[28][29] Monckton's comments were picked up by numerous commentators on the American right, including Glenn Beck. The St. Petersburg Times's PolitiFact.com described his assertions as "not only unsupported but preposterous" and stated "...Lord Monckton earns a special ruling — Britches on Fire!".[30] After attending one of Monckton's talks, Ethan Baron of the Canadian newspaper The Province criticised Monckton's assertions as the product of a "whacked-out, far-right ideology, combined with an ego the size of the Antarctic ice sheet."[31] The scientific assertions made by Monckton have been criticised as "pure fantasy" by Professor Barry R. Bickmore of Brigham Young University, who comments: "when you see a complete amateur raising objections about a highly technical subject, claiming that he or she has blown the lid off several decades of research in the discipline, you should be highly suspicious."[32]

Vaclav Klaus, the president of the Czech Republic, defended Monckton's views, commenting: "I agree with Lord Monckton that the cap-and-trade bill 'is the largest tax increase ever to be inflicted on a population in the history of the world'",[33] and nationally syndicated US right-wing conservative radio commentator Michael Savage praised Monckton's tour, saying: "it is very rare we get someone as succinct, and as literate, and as passionate ... as Lord Christopher Monckton."[34]

In response to Monckton's 2009 appearance at a symposium sponsored by the Minnesota Free Market Institute, University of St. Thomas professor of thermal engineering John Abraham prepared a 73-minute slide show titled A Scientist Replies to Christopher Monckton. Writing in The Guardian, Abraham described how he had systematically checked Monckton's claims but found that "none of the authors or papers made the claims that Monckton attributed to them", in what Abraham described as a "chronic" pattern of misrepresentation.[35] Monckton issued a 99-page response asking Abraham almost 500 questions. As well as accusing him of malice, Monckton demanded that Abraham remove his critique from the web, print an apology and retraction and provide a compensatory payment of $110,000.[36]

American Physical Society article on climate sensitivity

In July 2008 Monckton wrote an article about climate sensitivity for the American Physical Society's Forum on Physics and Society,[37][38] concluding: "it is very likely that in response to a doubling of pre-industrial carbon dioxide concentration [surface temperature] will rise not by the 3.26 °K [sic] suggested by the IPCC, but by <1 °K."

Some right-wing media commentators interpreted the publication of his paper as a sign that the American Physical Society had abandoned its earlier support for the scientific consensus on climate change.[39] In response, the APS reaffirmed its unchanged position on climate change and pointed out that the newsletter of the APS Forum on Physics and Society "carries the statement that 'Opinions expressed are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the APS or of the Forum.' This newsletter is not a journal of the APS and it is not peer reviewed."[40] The APS further added a disclaimer to the top of Monckton's article stating: "...Its conclusions are in disagreement with the overwhelming opinion of the world scientific community. The Council of the American Physical Society disagrees with this article's conclusions." The American Physical Society, however, was later compelled to remove the portions of its disclaimer about the opinions of the world scientific community and of its own Council, which had not in fact taken a position on Monckton's paper.[41] In a response, Monckton called the APS "red flag" "discourteous" and claimed his paper had been "scientifically reviewed in meticulous detail".[42]

Social policy

Eddy Shah: Today and the Newspaper Revolution describes him as "a fervent, forthright and opinionated Roman Catholic Tory"[43] who has been closely associated with the "New Right" faction of the Conservative Party.[44] As one of Margaret Thatcher's policy advisors, he has been credited with being "the brains behind the Thatcherite policy of giving council tenants (public housing) the right to buy their homes."[45] He has been associated with the Referendum Party, advising its founder Sir James Goldsmith, and in 2003 he helped a Scottish Tory breakaway group, the Scottish Peoples Alliance.[45] In 2009 he joined the UK Independence Party;[46] he is now deputy leader.[47]

Views on AIDS

Monckton's views on how the AIDS epidemic should be tackled have been the subject of some controversy. In an article for The American Spectator entitled "AIDS: A British View", written for the January 1987 issue of The American Spectator, he argued that "there is only one way to stop AIDS. That is to screen the entire population regularly and to quarantine all carriers of the disease for life. Every member of the population should be blood-tested every month ... all those found to be infected with the virus, even if only as carriers, should be isolated compulsorily, immediately, and permanently." This would involve isolating between 1.5 and 3 million people in the United States ("not altogether impossible") and another 30,000 people in the UK ("not insuperably difficult").[48] The article was highly controversial, with The American Spectator's then assistant managing editor, Andrew Ferguson, denouncing it in the letters column of the same issue.[49] Monckton appeared on the BBC's Panorama programme in February 1987 to discuss his views and present the results of an opinion poll that found public support for his position.[44]

Monckton has since stated "the article was written at the very outset of the AIDS epidemic, and with 33 million people around the world now infected, the possibility of [quarantine] is laughable. It couldn't work."

European integration

Monckton has been an advocate of Euroscepticism for many years; as he put it in a 2007 interview, he would "leave the European Union, close down 90 per cent of government services and shift power away from the atheistic, humanistic government and into the hands of families and individuals."[50] In 1994, he sued the Conservative government of John Major for agreeing to contribute to the costs of the Protocol on Social Policy agreed in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty, although the UK had an opt-out from the protocol. The case was heard in the Scottish Court of Session in May 1994. His petition for judicial review was dismissed by the court for want of relevancy.[51]

Published works

  • The Laker Story (with Ivan Fallon). Christensen, 1982. ISBN 0950800708
  • Anglican Orders: null and void?. Family History Books, 1986.
  • The AIDS Report. 1987
  • European Monetary Union: opportunities and dangers. University of St. Andrews, Department of Economics. 1997
  • Sudoku X. Headline Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 0755315014
  • Sudoku X-mas. Headline Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 0755315022
  • Sudoku Xpert. Headline Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 0755315294
  • Junior Sudoku X. Headline Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 0755315286
  • Sudoku Xtreme. Headline Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 0755315308
  • "Climate Sensitivity Reconsidered". Forum on Physics and Society, American Physical Society. 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

The Science and Public Policy Institute, of which Monckton is policy director, has published nine non peer-reviewed articles by Monckton on climate-change science.[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Lord Monckton is new deputy leader". UK Independence Party. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  2. ^ Leppard, David (3 October 2004). "Top Tory in a kilt hit by visa 'racket' case". The Times. London. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Who's Who 2007, p. 1599
  4. ^ "Monckton's letter to Snowe, Rockefeller on global warming". The Raw Story. 2006-12-11. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
  5. ^ Fahys, Julie (2010-04-10). "Debate on climate heats up online". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  6. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers Byelection March 2007 Result" (PDF). British Parliament. 2007-03-07. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  7. ^ Beckett, Andy (2007-02-24). "Born to run: There are 47 voters, 43 candidates, and the race to be elected a hereditary Tory peer is on. Is this democracy at last in the House of Lords?". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
  8. ^ a b Cockett, Richard (1995). Thinking the unthinkable: think tanks and the economic counter-revolution 1931-1983. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780006375869.
  9. ^ a b Kandiah, Michael; Seldon, Anthony (1997). Ideas and think tanks in contemporary Britain, Volume 2. Routledge. p. 59, 62. ISBN 9780714647715.
  10. ^ Womersley, Tara (2001-06-22). "Puzzle inventor sells £1m home to Chanel model".
  11. ^ a b "£1m Eternity jackpot scooped". BBC News Online. BBC. 2000-10-26.
  12. ^ Frank Urquhart. "Aristocrat admits tale of lost home was stunt to boost puzzle sales". The Scotsman.
  13. ^ Mackay, Neil (1999-11-28). "Aristocrat's game plan puzzle". The Sunday Herald. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  14. ^ [1]
  15. ^ Brown, Allan. "From here to Eternity II". The Sunday Times, 22 July 2007
  16. ^ Hoggan, James; Littlemore, Richard (2009). Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming. Greystone Books. p. 85, 113. ISBN 9781553654858.
  17. ^ Monckton, Christopher. "Climate chaos? Don't believe it", The Sunday Telegraph, 5 November 2006. Accessed 2010-06-17 when an internal link to Monckton's calculations was no longer working. His calculations of climate sensitivity to increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide can be viewed on-line in a 2006 article for Quarterly Economic Bulletin, Apocalypse? No!.
  18. ^ Monbiot, George. "This is a dazzling debunking of climate change science. It is also wildly wrong", The Guardian, 14 November 2006
  19. ^ Monckton, Christopher. "This wasn't gibberish. I got my facts right on global warming", The Guardian, 16 November 2006
  20. ^ Monckton, Christopher. Wrong problem, wrong solution, The Sunday Telegraph, 15 November 2006.
  21. ^ Monckton, Christopher (February 2007). "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 2007 Analysis and Summary" (PDF).
  22. ^ "SPPI Personnel". Retrieved 2010-06-19.
  23. ^ O'MALLEY, NICK (2010-01-26). "Nobleman is no Nobel man". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
  24. ^ "Glenn talks with Lord Monckton". Glenn Beck. 2008-03-04.
  25. ^ a b c Leake, Jonathan (2007-10-14). "Please, sir - Gore's got warming wrong". London: The Times.
  26. ^ http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2007/dec/16/news/chi-naysayers_bddec16
  27. ^ Hardie, Josh. "Global warming: fact or theory?", The Cambridge Student, 13 October 2007
  28. ^ Koppelman, Alex (2009-10-19). "Warming treaty to usher in one-world government?". Salon.
  29. ^ [2]
  30. ^ "British climate-change skeptic says Copenhagen treaty threatens "democracy," "freedom"". The St. Petersburg Times. 2009-10-14.
  31. ^ Baron, Ethan (2009-10-07). "Difficult to warm to climate-change denier". The Province.
  32. ^ http://www.sltrib.com/ci_14856887
  33. ^ http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/11/05/v-225-clav-klaus-largest-tax-increase-in-world-history.aspx
  34. ^ http://vodpod.com/watch/2584299-dr-savage-interviews-lord-christopher-monckton-4
  35. ^ Abraham, John (3 June 2010). "Monckton takes scientist to brink of madness at climate change talk". The Guardian.
  36. ^ Monbiot, George (14 July 2010). "Monckton's response to John Abraham is magnificently bonkers". The Guardian.
  37. ^ Editor Jeffrey Marque, Alvin Saperstein (2008). "Editors Comments". American Physical Society. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  38. ^ Monckton, Christopher (2008). "Climate Sensitivity Reconsidered". Forum on Physics and Society. American Physical Society. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  39. ^ Pruden, Wesley. "A bad day for the red-hots". Washington Times, 18 July 2008.
  40. ^ "APS Climate Change Statement: APS Position Remains Unchanged." American Physical Society, 18 July 2008
  41. ^ Wagenseil, Paul. "Newsletter Article Causes Climate-Change Kerfuffle". Fox News, 21 July 2008
  42. ^ "Lord Monckton's Letter to Dr. Bienenstock" (PDF). Science & Public Policy Institute. 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  43. ^ MacArthur, Brian. Eddy Shah: Today and the Newspaper Revolution, p. 154. David & Charles Publishers, 1988. ISBN 0715391453
  44. ^ a b Virginia Berridge. AIDS in the UK: The Making of a Policy, 1981-1994, p. 132. Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0198204736
  45. ^ a b Leppard, David. "Top Tory in a kilt hit by visa 'racket' case", The Times, 3 October 2004
  46. ^ Vaughan, Adam (2009-12-11). "In denial: Lord Monckton's climate change rant at activists". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  47. ^ [3]
  48. ^ "Monckton, Christopher. "AIDS: A British View"" The American Spectator, January 1987
  49. ^ Bawer, Bruce (1993). A place at the table: the gay individual in American society. Poseidon Press. p. 75. ISBN 9780671795337.
  50. ^ "'I'm bad at doing what I'm told. I'm a born free-thinker ' - The 5-Minute Interview", The Independent, 24 August 2007
  51. ^ "Lawful for UK to contribute to European social policy costs - Scots Law report", The Times, 12 May 1994
  52. ^ Science and Public Policy Institute - Monckton Papers

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Christopher Monckton.
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Viscount Monckton of Brenchley
2006–present 		Succeeded by
Incumbent

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