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[[File:Hubert Lamb Building.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Hubert Lamb Building, University of East Anglia, where the Climatic Research Unit is based]]
[[File:Hubert Lamb Building.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Hubert Lamb Building, University of East Anglia, where the Climatic Research Unit is based]]
The '''Climatic Research Unit hacking incident''' came to light in November 2009 when it was discovered that thousands of e-mails and other documents had been obtained through an alleged [[hacker (computer security)|hacking]] of a server used by the [[Climatic Research Unit]] (CRU) of the [[University of East Anglia]] (UEA) in [[Norwich]], England. The subsequent dissemination of the material caused a controversy, dubbed "''Climategate''", regarding whether or not the e-mails indicated misconduct by climate scientists. The UEA described the incident as an illegal taking of data. The police are conducting a criminal investigation of the server breach and subsequent personal threats made against some of the scientists mentioned in the e-mails.
The '''Climatic Research Unit hacking incident''' came to light in November 2009 when it was discovered that thousands of e-mails and other documents had been obtained through an alleged [[hacker (computer security)|hacking]] of a server used by the [[Climatic Research Unit]] (CRU) of the [[University of East Anglia]] (UEA) in [[Norwich]], England. The subsequent dissemination of the material caused a controversy, dubbed "''Climategate''", regarding whether or not the e-mails indicated misconduct by climate scientists. The UEA described the incident as an illegal taking of data. The police are conducting a criminal investigation of the server breach and subsequent personal threats made against some of the scientists mentioned in the e-mails.

The [[Information Commissioner's Office]] (ICO) told journalists that the UEA had breached the Freedom of Information Act by not dealing properly with requests for information made by one individual, but as sanctions had to be imposed within six months of the offence it was too late to impose them. The UEA reported that the ICO subsequently sent them a letter indicating that no breach of the law had been established; the evidence the ICO had in mind was no more than ''[[prima facie]]''; and that the FOI request had been for private emails, not raw data.


The University of East Anglia has announced that an independent review of the allegations will be carried out by Sir [[Muir Russell]] and that the CRU's director, Professor [[Phil Jones (climatologist)|Phil Jones]], would stand aside from his post during the review.
The University of East Anglia has announced that an independent review of the allegations will be carried out by Sir [[Muir Russell]] and that the CRU's director, Professor [[Phil Jones (climatologist)|Phil Jones]], would stand aside from his post during the review.
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The Norfolk police subsequently confirmed that they were "investigating criminal offences in relation to a data breach at the University of East Anglia" with the assistance of the [[Metropolitan Police]]'s Central e-Crime unit,<ref name="Mail 6 Dec" /> the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] (ICO) and the [[National Domestic Extremism Team]] (NDET).<ref name="NEN 11 Jan" /> Commenting on the involvement of the NDET, a spokesman said: "At present we have two police officers assisting Norfolk with their investigation, and we have also provided computer forensic expertise. While this is not strictly a domestic extremism matter, as a national police unit we had the expertise and resource to assist with this investigation, as well as good background knowledge of climate change issues in relation to criminal investigations." However, the police cautioned that "major investigations of this nature are of necessity very detailed and as a consequence can take time to reach a conclusion."<ref name="BBC 11 Jan" />
The Norfolk police subsequently confirmed that they were "investigating criminal offences in relation to a data breach at the University of East Anglia" with the assistance of the [[Metropolitan Police]]'s Central e-Crime unit,<ref name="Mail 6 Dec" /> the [[Information Commissioner's Office]] (ICO) and the [[National Domestic Extremism Team]] (NDET).<ref name="NEN 11 Jan" /> Commenting on the involvement of the NDET, a spokesman said: "At present we have two police officers assisting Norfolk with their investigation, and we have also provided computer forensic expertise. While this is not strictly a domestic extremism matter, as a national police unit we had the expertise and resource to assist with this investigation, as well as good background knowledge of climate change issues in relation to criminal investigations." However, the police cautioned that "major investigations of this nature are of necessity very detailed and as a consequence can take time to reach a conclusion."<ref name="BBC 11 Jan" />

On 27 January 2010 the [[Information Commissioner's Office|ICO]] published a statement that the CRU had breached the [[Freedom of Information Act 2000|Freedom of Information Act]] by ignoring requests for private emails,<ref name = "BreachOfFOIA_ToL"/><ref name="Randerson_2010-01-27_Guardian"/> then two days later they wrote to the university that no breach of the law has been established.<ref name="UEA Submission to the Parliamentary Select Committee" /><ref name="guardian 2010-02-25" />


==Content of the documents==
==Content of the documents==
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On January 22, 2010, the [[Science and Technology Select Committee]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] announced it would conduct an inquiry into the incident, examining the implications of the disclosure for the integrity of scientific research, reviewing the scope of the independent Muir review announced by the UEA, and reviewing the independence of international climate data sets. The Committee plans to hold an oral evidence session in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/science_technology/s_t_pn14_100122.cfm |title=Science and Technology Committee Announcement: The Disclosure of Climate Data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia |accessdate=2010-01-22 |date=2010-01-22 }}</ref>
On January 22, 2010, the [[Science and Technology Select Committee]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] announced it would conduct an inquiry into the incident, examining the implications of the disclosure for the integrity of scientific research, reviewing the scope of the independent Muir review announced by the UEA, and reviewing the independence of international climate data sets. The Committee plans to hold an oral evidence session in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/science_technology/s_t_pn14_100122.cfm |title=Science and Technology Committee Announcement: The Disclosure of Climate Data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia |accessdate=2010-01-22 |date=2010-01-22 }}</ref>


With reference to freedom of information requests made by David Holland, a retired engineer in [[Northampton]], the Deputy Information Commissioner with responsibility for the Freedom of Information Act, Graham Smith, issued a statement on 27 January 2010 that "The emails which are now public reveal that Mr Holland's requests under the Freedom of Information Act were not dealt with as they should have been under the legislation. Section 77 of the Freedom of Information Act makes it an offence for public authorities to act so as to prevent intentionally the disclosure of requested information." He also said that as sanctions have to be imposed within six months of the offence it was too late to impose sanctions, but the ICO would be making a case for the law to be changed for future offences. He was advising the university of East Anglia on its legal obligations, and the ICO would be considering whether to take regulatory action once reports of the independent and police investigations were available. The University of East Anglia stated that it was not aware of Smith's statement.<ref name="Randerson_2010-01-27_Guardian"/><ref name = "BreachOfFOIA_ToL"/><ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/><ref name="Collins_2010-01-28_telegraph"/> In its submission to the [[Select committee (Westminster system)|Parliamentary Select Committee]] set up to investigate the allegations, the university rebutted suggestions that it had breached FOI rules regarding release of raw data, and said that the ICO statement based only on ''[[prima facie]]'' evidence had been widely misinterpreted in the media as referring to such data. The UEA stated: "A subsequent letter to UEA from the ICO (29 January 2010) indicated that no breach of the law has been established; that the evidence the ICO had in mind about whether there was a breach was no more than ''prima facie''; and that the FOI request at issue did not concern raw data but private email exchanges."<ref name="UEA Submission to the Parliamentary Select Committee" />
With reference to freedom of information requests made by David Holland, a retired engineer in [[Northampton]], the Deputy Information Commissioner with responsibility for the Freedom of Information Act, Graham Smith, issued a statement on 27 January 2010 that "The emails which are now public reveal that Mr Holland's requests under the Freedom of Information Act were not dealt with as they should have been under the legislation. Section 77 of the Freedom of Information Act makes it an offence for public authorities to act so as to prevent intentionally the disclosure of requested information." He also said that as sanctions have to be imposed within six months of the offence it was too late to impose sanctions, but the ICO would be making a case for the law to be changed for future offences. He was advising the university of East Anglia on its legal obligations, and the ICO would be considering whether to take regulatory action once reports of the independent and police investigations were available.<ref name="Randerson_2010-01-27_Guardian"/><ref name = "BreachOfFOIA_ToL"/><ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/><ref name="Collins_2010-01-28_telegraph"/>


===Other responses===
===Other responses===
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free |author=Myles Allen |authorlink=Myles Allen |date=11 December 2009
free |author=Myles Allen |authorlink=Myles Allen |date=11 December 2009
|publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref>
|publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref>

<ref name="UEA Submission to the Parliamentary Select Committee">{{cite web |url=http://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/comm/media/press/CRUstatements/submission |title=Submission to the Parliamentary Select Committee - University of East Anglia (UEA) |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref>


<ref name="guardian 2010-02-25">{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/feb/25/uea-rejects-lost-data-claims |title=University of East Anglia rejects lost climate data claims &#124; Environment |author=Press Association |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=25 February 2010 |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |quote= |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref>
<ref name="guardian 2010-02-25">{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/feb/25/uea-rejects-lost-data-claims |title=University of East Anglia rejects lost climate data claims &#124; Environment |author=Press Association |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=25 February 2010 |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |quote= |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref>

Revision as of 13:10, 27 February 2010

Template:POV-title


The Hubert Lamb Building, University of East Anglia, where the Climatic Research Unit is based

The Climatic Research Unit hacking incident came to light in November 2009 when it was discovered that thousands of e-mails and other documents had been obtained through an alleged hacking of a server used by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia (UEA) in Norwich, England. The subsequent dissemination of the material caused a controversy, dubbed "Climategate", regarding whether or not the e-mails indicated misconduct by climate scientists. The UEA described the incident as an illegal taking of data. The police are conducting a criminal investigation of the server breach and subsequent personal threats made against some of the scientists mentioned in the e-mails.

The University of East Anglia has announced that an independent review of the allegations will be carried out by Sir Muir Russell and that the CRU's director, Professor Phil Jones, would stand aside from his post during the review.

Timeline

The incident began when someone accessed a server used by the Climatic Research Unit and copied 160 MB of data[1] containing more than 1,000 e-mails and 3,000 other documents.[2] The University of East Anglia stated that the server from which the data were taken was not one that could easily have been accessed and the data could not have been released inadvertently.[3] It is not known when the breach occurred.

The breach was first discovered on 17 November 2009 after the server of the RealClimate website was hacked and a copy of the stolen data was uploaded.[4] According to Gavin Schmidt of RealClimate, "At around 6.20am (EST) Nov 17th, somebody hacked into the RC server from an IP address associated with a computer somewhere in Turkey, disabled access from the legitimate users, and uploaded a file FOIA.zip to our server."[5] A link to the file on the RealClimate server was posted from a Russian IP address to the Climate Audit blog at 7.24 am (EST i.e. at 2009-11-17 12:24Z) with the comment "A miracle just happened."[6] Schmidt discovered the RealClimate hack minutes after it occurred. He temporarily shut down the website and deleted the uploaded file.[7] RealClimate reported that they had notified the University of East Anglia of the incident.[8]

On 19 November an archive file containing the data was uploaded to a server in Tomsk,[9] Russia before being copied to numerous locations across the Internet.[1] An anonymous post from a Saudi Arabian IP address[10] to the climate-sceptic blog The Air Vent,[4] described the material as "a random selection of correspondence, code, and documents" and defended the data breach on the grounds that climate science is "too important to be kept under wraps".[11]

The Norfolk police subsequently confirmed that they were "investigating criminal offences in relation to a data breach at the University of East Anglia" with the assistance of the Metropolitan Police's Central e-Crime unit,[9] the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) and the National Domestic Extremism Team (NDET).[12] Commenting on the involvement of the NDET, a spokesman said: "At present we have two police officers assisting Norfolk with their investigation, and we have also provided computer forensic expertise. While this is not strictly a domestic extremism matter, as a national police unit we had the expertise and resource to assist with this investigation, as well as good background knowledge of climate change issues in relation to criminal investigations." However, the police cautioned that "major investigations of this nature are of necessity very detailed and as a consequence can take time to reach a conclusion."[13]

Content of the documents

Further information: Climatic Research Unit documents

The material comprised more than 1,000 e-mails, 2,000 documents, as well as commented source code, pertaining to climate change research covering a period from 1996 until 2009.[14] Most of the e-mails concerned technical and mundane aspects of climate research, such as data analysis and details of scientific conferences. The controversy has focused on a small number of e-mails, particularly those sent to or from climatologists Phil Jones, the head of the CRU, and Michael E. Mann of Pennsylvania State University (PSU), one of the originators of the graph of temperature trends dubbed the "hockey stick graph".[15] Some of the now widely publicised e-mails included discussions of how to combat the arguments of climate change sceptics, unflattering comments about sceptics, queries from journalists, and drafts of scientific papers.[4] Allegations were made variously by newspapers, government organizations and private individuals that the e-mails showed climate scientists colluded[1] to withhold scientific information,[16][4] interfered with the peer review process to prevent dissenting scientific papers from being published,[17][18] and deleted e-mails and raw data to prevent data being revealed under the Freedom of Information Act.[19][20]

Concerns were also raised about the quality of the code found in the documents.[21]

Responses

In the United Kingdom and United States, there were calls for official inquiries into issues raised by the documents. The British Conservative politician Lord Lawson said, "The integrity of the scientific evidence... has been called into question. And the reputation of British science has been seriously tarnished. A high-level independent inquiry must be set up without delay." Bob Ward of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics said that there had to be a rigourous investigation into the substance of the email messages once appropriate action has been taken over the hacking, to clear the impression of impropriety given by the selective disclosure and dissemination of the messages. He expressed sympathy for the climate researchers who had been "the target of an aggressive campaign by so-called 'sceptics' over a number of years."[22] United States Senator Jim Inhofe also planned to demand an inquiry.[23]

University of East Anglia

The University of East Anglia was notified of the possible security breach on 17 November, but when the story was published in the press on 20 November they had no statement ready.[24] On 24 November, Trevor Davies, the University of East Anglia pro-vice-chancellor with responsibility for research, rejected calls for Jones' resignation or firing: "We see no reason for Professor Jones to resign and, indeed, we would not accept his resignation. He is a valued and important scientist." The university announced it would conduct an independent review to "address the issue of data security, an assessment of how we responded to a deluge of Freedom of Information requests, and any other relevant issues which the independent reviewer advises should be addressed."[25]

The university announced on 1 December that Phil Jones was to stand aside as director of the Unit until the completion of an independent review.[26][27] Two days later, the university announced that Sir Muir Russell would chair the review, and would "examine e-mail exchanges to determine whether there is evidence of suppression or manipulation of data" as well as review CRU's policies and practices for "acquiring, assembling, subjecting to peer review, and disseminating data and research findings" and "their compliance or otherwise with best scientific practice". In addition, the investigation would review CRU's compliance with Freedom of Information Act requests and also 'make recommendations about the management, governance and security structures for CRU and the security, integrity and release of the data it holds."[19]

UK Met Office

On November 23, a spokesman for the Met Office, a UK agency which works with the CRU in providing global-temperature information, said there was no need for an inquiry. "The bottom line is that temperatures continue to rise and humans are responsible for it. We have every confidence in the science and the various datasets we use. The peer-review process is as robust as it could possibly be."[22]

On December 5, however, concerned that public confidence in the science had been damaged by leaked e-mails, the Met Office indicated their intention to re-examine 160 years of temperature data,[28] as well as to release temperature records for over 1000 worldwide weather stations online.[29][30] The Met Office remained confident that its analysis will be shown to be correct[28] and that the data would show a temperature rise over the past 150 years.[29][31]

On February 22, 2010, at a meeting of 150 climate scientists, organized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), representatives of the Met Office proposed that the world's climatologists produce a new global land temperature dataset using methods that are fully documented in the peer-reviewed literature and open to scrutiny.[32]

UK Government

On January 22, 2010, the Science and Technology Select Committee of the Parliament of the United Kingdom announced it would conduct an inquiry into the incident, examining the implications of the disclosure for the integrity of scientific research, reviewing the scope of the independent Muir review announced by the UEA, and reviewing the independence of international climate data sets. The Committee plans to hold an oral evidence session in March 2010.[33]

With reference to freedom of information requests made by David Holland, a retired engineer in Northampton, the Deputy Information Commissioner with responsibility for the Freedom of Information Act, Graham Smith, issued a statement on 27 January 2010 that "The emails which are now public reveal that Mr Holland's requests under the Freedom of Information Act were not dealt with as they should have been under the legislation. Section 77 of the Freedom of Information Act makes it an offence for public authorities to act so as to prevent intentionally the disclosure of requested information." He also said that as sanctions have to be imposed within six months of the offence it was too late to impose sanctions, but the ICO would be making a case for the law to be changed for future offences. He was advising the university of East Anglia on its legal obligations, and the ICO would be considering whether to take regulatory action once reports of the independent and police investigations were available.[34][16][35][36]

Other responses

Rajendra Pachauri, chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, told the BBC in December 2009 that he considered the affair to be "a serious issue and we will look into it in detail."[37] He later clarified that the IPCC would review the incident to identify lessons to be learned, and he rejected suggestions that the IPCC itself should carry out an investigation. The only investigations being carried out were those of the University of East Anglia and the British police.[38]

Pennsylvania State University announced in December 2009 it would review the work of Michael Mann, in particular looking at anything that had not already been addressed in an earlier National Academy of Sciences review which had found some faults with his methodology but agreed with the results.[39][40][41] In response, Mann said he would welcome the review.[41] As a result of the inquiry, the investigatory committee determined there was no credible evidence Mann suppressed or falsified data, destroyed email, information and/or data related to AR4, or misused privileged or confidential information. The committee did not issue a definitive finding on the final point of inquiry—whether Mann had operated within acceptable practices "for proposing, conducting, or reporting research or other scholarly activities". Noting that the standards of practice vary from discipline to discipline, the committee stated that "In sum, the overriding sentiment of this committee, which is composed of University administrators, is that allegation #4 revolves around the question of accepted faculty conduct surrounding scientific discourse and thus merits a review by a committee of faculty scientists. Only with such a review will the academic community and other interested parties likely feel that Penn State has discharged it responsibility on this matter." [42]

In the wake of East Anglia University e-mail controversy, computer programmer Dr John Graham-Cumming discovered errors in temperature data released by the British Meteorological Office. This discovery of these errors caused the Met Office to revise its global temperature records. Graham-Cumming also discovered similar mistakes in US weather data collected from 121 stations. Graham-Comming commented that "It does not change the scientific story, and that is that the world is getting hotter. But it does show the need for open-source data. We open up software and data and it eliminates problems."[43][44][45]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Climate sceptics claim leaked emails are evidence of collusion among scientists". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-11-24. Cite error: The named reference "Guardian 20 Nov" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Eilperin, Juliet (21 November 2009). "Hackers steal electronic data from top climate research center". The Washington Post.
  3. ^ Lowthorpe, Shaun (2009-12-01). "Scotland Yard call in to probe climate data leak from UEA in Norwich". Norwich Evening News.
  4. ^ a b c d Revkin, Andrew C. (20 November 2009). "Hacked E-Mail Is New Fodder for Climate Dispute". The New York Times.
  5. ^ Schmidt, Gavin (23 November 2009). "The CRU hack: Context". RealClimate.
  6. ^ McIntyre, Steve (23 November 2009). ""A miracle just happened"". Climate Audit.
  7. ^ Taylor, Matthew; Arthur, Charles (27 November 2009). "Climate email hackers had access for more than a month". The Guardian.
  8. ^ "The CRU hack". RealClimate. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  9. ^ a b Stewart, Will; Delgado, Martin (2009-12-06). "Emalis that rocked climate change campaign leaked from Siberian 'closed city' university built by KGB". Daily Mail.
  10. ^ Webster, Ben (2009-12-06). "Climategate controversy has echoes of Watergate, UN says". The Times.
  11. ^ Webster, Ben (2009-11-21). "Sceptics publish climate e-mails 'stolen from East Anglia University'". The Times. Archived from the original on 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-01-06. An anonymous statement accompanying the e-mails said: "We feel that climate science is too important to be kept under wraps. We hereby release a random selection of correspondence, code, and documents. Hopefully it will give some insight into the science and the people behind it."
  12. ^ Greaves, Tara (2010-01-11). "Extremism fears surround Norwich email theft". Norwich Evening News.
  13. ^ "Police extremist unit helps climate change e-mail probe". BBC News. 2010-01-11.
  14. ^ Gardner, Timothy (Mon Nov 23, 2009 4:07 pm EST). "Hacked climate e-mails awkward, not game changer". Green Business. Reuters. Retrieved 24 November 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Flam, Faye (2009-12-08). "Penn State scientist at center of a storm". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-12-30.
  16. ^ a b Webster, Ben (2010-01-28). "Scientists in stolen e-mail scandal hid climate data". The Times of London. Retrieved 2010-02-02. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ Johnson, Keith (November 23, 2009). "Climate Emails Stoke Debate:Scientists' Leaked Correspondence Illustrates Bitter Feud over Global Warming". U.S. NEWS. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
  18. ^ Moore, Matthew (2009-11-24). "Climate change scientists face calls for public inquiry over data manipulation claims". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2010-01-08. said Lord Lawson, Margaret Thatcher's former chancellor who has reinvented himself as a critic of climate change science. "They were talking about destroying various files in order to prevent data being revealed under the Freedom of Information Act and they were trying to prevent other dissenting scientists from having their articles published in learned journals. "It may be that there's an innocent explanation for all this... but there needs to be a fundamental independent inquiry to get at the truth."
  19. ^ a b "Chair for climate e-mail review", BBC News, 3 December 2009, accessed 5 December.
  20. ^ BBC News."Climate e-mails row university 'breached data laws'" 28 January 2010.
  21. ^ Myles Allen (11 December 2009). "Science forgotten in climate emails fuss | Comment is free". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-01-05. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 59 (help)
  22. ^ a b Hickman, Leo, "Climate change champion and sceptic both call for inquiry into leaked emails", November 23, 2009, The Guardian. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
  23. ^ Matt Dempsey (November 23, 2009). "Listen: Inhofe Says He Will Call for Investigation on "Climategate" on Washington Times Americas Morning Show". The Inhofe EPW Press Blog. U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Archived from the original on 2009-12-05. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
  24. ^ Pretending the climate email leak isn't a crisis won't make it go away, by George Monbiot, The Guardian, 25 November 2009
  25. ^ Hickman, Leo, "and agencies", "Climate scientist at centre of leaked email row dismisses conspiracy claims", November 24, 2009, The Guardian. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
  26. ^ "CRU Update 1 December". University of East Anglia – Communications Office. 1 December 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-12-05. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  27. ^ "Professor at centre of climate change email row stands down temporarily". The Daily Telegraph. 2009-12-01. Archived from the original on 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2009-12-01. Professor Phil Jones, the director of a research unit at the centre of a row over climate change data, has said he will stand down from the post while an independent review takes place.
  28. ^ a b "Met Office to re-examine 160 years of climate data", The Times, 5 December 2009, accessed t December 2009.
  29. ^ a b David Batty and agencies, "Met Office to publish climate change data amid fraud claims", The Guardian, 5 December 2009, accessed 6 December 2009.
  30. ^ "Release of global-average temperature data", Met Office press release, accessed December 6, 2009.
  31. ^ "UK Met Office to publish climate record", CNN, 6 December 2009, accessed 6 December 2009.
  32. ^ UK Met Office (2010-02-10). "Proposal for a new international analysis of land surface air temperature data" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  33. ^ "Science and Technology Committee Announcement: The Disclosure of Climate Data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia". 2010-01-22. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
  34. ^ Randerson, James (2010-01-27). "University in hacked climate change emails row broke FOI rules". The Guardian. Retrieved 2010-01-28. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  35. ^ "Climate e-mails row university 'breached data laws'". BBC News. 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2010-01-28. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  36. ^ Collins, Nick (2010-01-28). "University scientists in climategate row hid data". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2010-01-28. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  37. ^ "UN body wants probe of climate e-mail row". BBC. 2009-12-04. Archived from the original on 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-01-06. Dr Pachauri told BBC Radio 4's The Report programme that the claims were serious and he wants them investigated. "We will certainly go into the whole lot and then we will take a position on it," he said. "We certainly don't want to brush anything under the carpet. This is a serious issue and we will look into it in detail. […] Saudi Arabia's lead climate negotiator has said the e-mail row will have a "huge impact" on next week's UN climate summit in Copenhagen. […] Mohammad Al-Sabban told BBC News that he expects it to derail the single biggest objective of the summit - to agree limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. […] "It appears from the details of the scandal that there is no relationship whatsoever between human activities and climate change," he told BBC News."
  38. ^ Wilkinson, Marian (2009-12-10). "No cover-up inquiry, climate chief". The Age. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  39. ^ John M. Broder (December 1, 2009). "Climatologist Leaves Post in Inquiry Over E-Mail Leaks". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
  40. ^ "University Reviewing Recent Reports on Climate Information". College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
  41. ^ a b Genaro C. Armas, Associated Press (December 3, 2009). "Penn St. prof. welcomes climate change scrutiny". Google. Archived from the original on 2009-12-06. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
  42. ^ Cite error: The named reference PSU Findings was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  43. ^ http://www.smh.com.au/environment/computer-geek-uncovers-british-climatedata-errors-20100226-p92h.html
  44. ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article7028418.ece
  45. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/02/16/key-climate-change-data-laden-errors/

Cite error: A list-defined reference named "PSU_Findings" is not used in the content (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference named "guardian 2010-02-25" is not used in the content (see the help page).

Cite error: A list-defined reference named "Norfolk News - EDP24" is not used in the content (see the help page).

External links

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