Goguryeo tombs
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 Goguryeo tomb mural | |
| Criteria | Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv |
| Reference | 1091 |
| Inscription | 2004 (28th Session) |
| Goguryeo tombs | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 고구려 고분군 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | 高句麗古墳群 |
| Revised Romanization | Goguryeo gobun(-)gun |
| McCune–Reischauer | Koguryŏ kobun'gun |
The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs lie in North Korea. In July 2004, they became the first UNESCO World Heritage site in the country. The site consists of 30 individual tombs from the later Goguryeo kingdom, one of Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in the cities of P'yŏngyang and Namp'o. Goguryeo was one of the strongest Korean kingdoms in the north east of China and the Korean Peninsula between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. The kingdom was founded in the present day area of Northern Korea, and part of Manchuria around 32 BC, and the capital was transferred to P'yŏngyang in AD 427.
Many of the tombs, such as the Anak Tomb No. 3, have wall paintings. The tombs are almost all that remains from this culture. There are over 10,000 Goguryeo tombs overall, but only about 90 of those unearthed in China and Korea have wall paintings. The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs inscribed on the World Heritage List contains the majority of these tombs with wall paintings. It is thought that the complex was used as a burial site for kings, queens and other members of the royal family. The paintings found on the tombs offer a unique insight into the everyday life of the Goguryeo period.
The murals are strongly coloured and show daily life and Korean mythologies of the time. By 2005, 70 murals had been found, mostly in the Taedong river basin near Pyongyang, the Anak area in South Hwanghae province, and in Ji'an in China's Jilin province.
The following criteria were considered by UNESCO to merit the Goguryeo tombs' inscription as a World Heritage site:
- The wall paintings are masterpieces of the Goguryeo period. The tombs themselves reflect ingenious engineering capabilities.
- The customs of the Goguryeo culture were influential all over East Asia, including Japan.
- The site offers exceptional insights into the Goguryeo culture, both into everyday life and burial customs.
- The Goguryeo tombs are an important example of this burial typology.
In May 2006, 2,360 individual tombs were discovered at the site of the ancient Goguryeo kingdom during work on the Yunfeng Reservoir. Ruins of an ancient city were discovered as well. Among the ruins was a city wall that was 1.5 meters tall and four meters wide. Evidence also suggested the presence of a moat. A dozen tombs were found within the city.
See also
- Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom, UNESCO world heritage site in Goguryeo's Chinese half
- Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain with Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo of Balhae, the kingdom that succeeded Goguryeo.
- Korean art
- Korean painting
- History of Korea
- List of Korea-related topics
External links
- UNESCO (2005). Preservation of the Koguryo Kingdom Tombs (PDF)
- Complex of Koguryo Tombs, UNESCO World Heritage
- Northeast Asia's intra-mural mural wars, 6th century Korean murals
- ROK, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Goguryeo controversies