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A number of '''concerns and controversies over the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]]''' in [[Delhi]], [[India]], surfaced before the Games, and received media coverage both inside India and in various other nations. They include delays in preparation, mismanaged funds, poor construction, reports of corruption by organizers, labour violations and terror threats.
A number of '''concerns and controversies over the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]]''' in [[Delhi]], [[India]], surfaced before the Games, and received media coverage both inside India and in various other nations. They include delays in preparation, mismanaged funds, poor construction, reports of corruption by organizers, labour violations and terror threats.

==Summary of Incidents==
#Athletes' village - Indian media reports only 18 of 34 towers are completed
#[[Yamuna River]] - flooded in worst monsoon rain for 30 years, leaving pools attracting mosquitoes
#[[Nehru Stadium]] - part of false ceiling collapsed in weightlifting area
#Bridge leading to the Nehru Stadium - collapsed on Tuesday
#[[Jama Masjid, Delhi]] - Two tourists injured in shooting near mosque, [[Indian Mujahideen]] threatens more attacks
#Shivaji Stadium - no longer to be used as a venue because it was not going to be ready in time
#[[Yamuna Sports Complex]] - roof damaged by heavy rain in July


== Delays ==
== Delays ==

Revision as of 04:09, 23 September 2010

Logo of the Commonwealth Games Federation
Part of a series on
2010 Commonwealth Games

A number of concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, surfaced before the Games, and received media coverage both inside India and in various other nations. They include delays in preparation, mismanaged funds, poor construction, reports of corruption by organizers, labour violations and terror threats.

Summary of Incidents

  1. Athletes' village - Indian media reports only 18 of 34 towers are completed
  2. Yamuna River - flooded in worst monsoon rain for 30 years, leaving pools attracting mosquitoes
  3. Nehru Stadium - part of false ceiling collapsed in weightlifting area
  4. Bridge leading to the Nehru Stadium - collapsed on Tuesday
  5. Jama Masjid, Delhi - Two tourists injured in shooting near mosque, Indian Mujahideen threatens more attacks
  6. Shivaji Stadium - no longer to be used as a venue because it was not going to be ready in time
  7. Yamuna Sports Complex - roof damaged by heavy rain in July

Delays

In September 2009, Commonwealth Games Federation chief Mike Fennell reported that the games were at risk of falling behind schedule and that it was "reasonable to conclude that the current situation poses a serious risk to the Commonwealth Games in 2010". A report by the Indian Government released several months prior found that construction work on 13 out of the 19 sports venues was behind schedule.[1] The Chief of the Indian Olympic Association Randhir Singh has also expressed his concerns regarding the current state of affairs. Singh has called for the revamp of the games' organizing committees commenting that India now has to "retrieve the games".[2] Other Indian officials have also expressed dismay at the ongoing delays but they have stated that they are confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time.[3][4] As the Times of India reports, all CWG projects were to be completed by May 2009 and the last year should have been kept for trial runs. The newspaper further reports that the first stadium was handed over for trial runs in July 2010 only.[5] To put the delays in perspective, Beijing National Stadium was completed much ahead of schedule for the 2008 Summer Olympics,[6] while the venues for 2012 Summer Olympics in London are scheduled to be delivered one year before the games and the construction of the venues is on track.[7]

In August 2010, the Cabinet Secretariat took a decision to appoint 10 officers of the rank of Joint and Additional Secretaries to oversee the progress of the construction of stadiums.[8] Each officer is allocated a stadium and given the responsibility to ensure that the work completes in time for the games.

Criticism by Mani Shankar Aiyar

Mani Shankar Aiyar, a senior member of the ruling Indian National Congress party and former Minister of Youth and Sports Affairs was an early whistle blower from the Indian Union Cabinet who expressed concern over extensive delays in preparation leading to unplanned expenses which he said, could have been utilized for "ensuring a better sporting future for Indian children by providing them sports training".[9] Aiyar also said that he would be "unhappy" if the Games were a success and wished for the "Commonwealth games to be spoiled."[9] Aiyar's frank media admission proved a public embarrassment for Commonwealth Games Organizing Committee chairman Suresh Kalmadi who labelled him "anti national" for wishing that the Commonwealth Games are "spoilt."[10] Kalmadi's remark received extensive criticism in Indian media with Rajesh Kalra, a chief editor at the Times of India eliciting Samuel Johnson's quote "Patriotism is the last refuge of all scoundrels" to lay bare grossly overestimated figures of stadium renovation, saying "how the taxpayer (Indian taxpayer) is being milked in the name of the games".[11]

Unpreparedness and "unliveable" conditions

Less than two weeks before the opening ceremony, Commonwealth Games Federation president Michael Fennell wrote to the Indian cabinet secretary, urging action in response to the village being "seriously compromised." He said that though team officials were impressed with the international zone and main dining area, they were "shocked" by the state of the accommodation. "The village is the cornerstone of any Games and the athletes deserve the best possible environment to prepare for their competition."[12]

New Zealand, Canada, Scotland and Ireland have expressed concern about unliveable conditions.[13] The Times of India newspaper reports that the Scottish delegation submitted a photograph of a dog defecating on a bed in the games village.[14]

Lalit Bhanot, the secretary general of the Delhi organizing committee, rejected the complaint that sanitation was poor by saying that, due to cultural differences, there are different standards about cleanliness in India and the western world.[15] Bhanot went on to say of the athletes' village that, "This is a world-class village, probably one of the best ever."[citation needed]

Vigilance-related irregularities

On July 28, 2010, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), an Indian government body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption, released a report showing irregularities in up to 14 CWG projects.[16] As per official reports, in total 129 works in 71 organizations have been inspected.[17] The detailed preliminary findings[18] include

  1. Award of work contracts at higher prices
  2. Poor quality assurance and management
  3. Award of work contracts to ineligible agencies

There are also allegations of widespread corruption in various aspects of organising the games including procurement and awarding contracts for constructing the game venues.[19] The Commonwealth Games Organizing Committee on 5th Aug 2010 suspended T S Darbari (joint director in the organising committee) and Sanjay Mahendroo (deputy director general in the organising committee) following the report of the three-member panel which was probing the financial irregularities related to the Queen's Baton Relay.[20] Also Organizing Committee treasurer Anil Khanna resigned from the post in the wake of allegations that his son's firm had secured a contract for laying synthetic courts at a tennis stadium.[21] The GlobalPost news agency reports that scandals have come to light, such as "shadowy off-shore firms, forged emails, inexplicable payments to bogus companies and inflated bills — for every purchase from toilet paper to treadmills." [22]

Social Impact

Labour Violations

Campaigners in India have accused the organisers of enormous and systematic violations of labour laws at construction sites. Human Rights Law Network reports that independent investigations have discovered more than 70 cases where workers have died in accidents at construction sites since work began.[23] Although official numbers have not been released, it is estimated that over 415,000 contract daily wage workers are working on Games projects.[24] Unskilled workers are paid 85 to 100 Indian rupees (INR) per day while skilled workers are paid 120 to 130 INR per day for eight hours of work. Workers also state that they are paid 134 to 150 INR for 12 hours of work (eight hours plus four hours of overtime). Both these wages contravene the stipulated Delhi state minimum wage of INR 152 (approx. US$3) for eight hours of work.[25]

These represent violations of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; Interstate Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Services) Act 1979, and the constitutionally enshrined fundamental rights per the 1982 Supreme Court of India judgement on Asiad workers.[26] The public have been banned from the camps where workers live and work – a situation which human rights campaigners say prevents the garnering of information regarding labour conditions and number of workers.[26]

There have been documented instances of the presence of young children at hazardous construction sites, due to a lack of child care facilities for women workers living and working in the labour camp style work sites.[27] Furthermore, workers on the site of the main Commonwealth stadium have reportedly been issued with hard hats, yet most work in open-toed sandals and live in cramped tin tenements in which illnesses are rife.[28] The High Court of Delhi is presently hearing a public interest petition relating to employers not paying employees for overtime and it has appointed a four-member committee to submit a report on the alleged violations of workers rights.[27][29]

During the construction of the Games Village, there was controversy over financial mismanagement,[30] profiteering by the Delhi Development Authority and private real estate companies,[31] and inhumane working conditions.[32]

Social and environmental impact

In response to a Right to Information (RTI) application filed for study and statements by civil society groups, a report by the Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN) - an arm of the Habitat International Coalition - detailed the social and environmental consequences of the event.[33] It stated that no tolerance zones for beggars are enforced in Delhi, and the city has arbitrarily arrested homeless citizens under the "Bombay Prevention of Begging Act 1959". Furthermore, over 100,000 families have been evicted in order to make space for CWG-related projects, and a further 30,000 to 40,000 were slated for eviction and ‘relocation’ at the time of the report’s publication.[citation needed]

Urban Change

Mitu Sengupta, an academic, points out that there is a “tradition of using ‘urban spectacles’ such as the Olympics and World’s Fairs to enhance a city’s global recognition, image and status, and to push through controversial policy reforms that might otherwise linger in the pending file for years (it is easier to undercut local opposition under the pressure of a fixed deadline and the international spotlight).” She writes that the reforms involved are, all too often “the invention of an affluent, globally connected minority that is relatively detached from local conditions and the local population.” The 2010 Commonwealth Games, she says, are being used to invigorate an elite-driven program of urban transformation” that centers on privatization, securitization, and the construction of “monuments to vanity.” She concludes that “the lure of national prestige, an immovable deadline and, as of late, the fear of national embarrassment” have helped undermine the urban social movements and independent activists that typically resist this agenda.[34]

Terror threats

Following the attacks on Mumbai in 2008 some athletes and their representative bodies expressed security fears during the games. In April 2010, during the Indian Premier League, two low intensity bombs went off outside the stadium in Bangalore. Although there were no casualties, this postponed the start of the game by an hour. Following this attack, foreign cricketers like Kevin Pietersen expressed fears for their safety and questions were raised regarding the safety of athletes during the Commonwealth Games. The UK and Canada also warned about potential attacks on commercial targets in Delhi ahead of the games.[35][36]

Jama Masjid incident

Main article: 2010 Jama Masjid attack

On 19 September 2010, unknown gunmen on a motorbike opened fire with an automatic pistol on a tourist bus outside the Jama Masjid mosque in Delhi. The attacks, which came a fortnight before the start of the games, injured two Taiwanese tourists.[37] Two hours later, a Maruti car exploded within the vicinity, reportedly from a deliberate low-intensity pressure cooker bomb which had been assembled inside. No major fatalities or damages were reported. The incidents, which were purportedly claimed by the Indian Mujahideen, provoked fears about lack of security in the city for the upcoming games. However, police in Delhi initially denied the role of any organised terror group and instead blamed the attacks on "disgruntled youths and local criminal gangs."[38] Officials suggested that a possible motive of the strike was to instill fear in people ahead of the Commonwealth Games.

Calls for boycott

Amid allegations of blatant corruption, shoddy construction work at venues and security concerns for participating athletes, the 2010 Commonwealth games has faced numerous boycott calls from individuals in India, England and Australia.[39][40]

Boycott calls in India

Other celebrities who followed Aiyar's comments in expressing a call for boycott include former Indian cricket captain and spin bowler Bishan Singh Bedi and bestselling Indian author Chetan Bhagat. Bedi said the "CWG organizers have taken the country for a ride" and urged international athletes to boycott the "embarrassing" Delhi games.[41][42] Bhagat, who is considered a youth icon in India with a huge fan following, called the Commonwealth games the "biggest and most blatant exercise in mass corruption since the country won independence six decades ago."[39][43] Bhagat, who has sold more than 4 million books in India, also urged his readers to boycott the games event and not to watch them on TV, thereby using the "golden chance" to "put the corrupt and insensitive government to shame."[39]

The Jat community seeking reservation under the OBC quota have also planned to use the Commonwealth games as a platform and force the Indian government to relent to their needs. [44]

Boycott calls outside India

Considering the potential impact of a terror threat and other security concerns, rumors arose about a boycott of the Delhi Commonwealth games by major participating nations including Scotland, England and New Zealand.[45][46] However, the rumors were soon put to rest by Commonwealth games committees in each of these countries who expressed a general level of satisfaction with the security arrangements.[45][46]

Australian quadruple Olympic gold medal winning swimmer Dawn Fraser called for Australia to boycott the games event, citing fears of a tragedy similar to that which unfolded in the Munich Olympics of 1972.[40] Fraser pronounced that reports of missed construction deadlines and other irregularities in games planning meant Indian authorities' "word for providing security should not be taken at its face value."[40] However, the Australian Commonwealth Games Organizing Committee (AGCA) was quick to dismiss Fraser's fears with ACGA chief executive, Perry Crosswhite saying he believed there will be no security issues during the games event.[40]

Boycotts

After Dani Samuels, the women's world discus champion, withdrew[47] saying "My safety is more important to them than a medal," Mark Arbib, the Australian sports minister, said CWG officials expected more competitors to follow suit.

The Scottish team's departure of the first 41 boxers, rugby players, wrestlers and support staff was delayed for 48 hours, and the Welsh team set a deadline of 22 September to receive reassurances that the venues would be fit for purpose. The first batch of English athletes, which includes a lawn bowls team and a men's hockey squad, said organisers were not making nearly enough progress just a day before they were to leave. The Guardian suggested a mass walkout remained an option with the "point of no return" less than a week before the scheduled start; they claimed the "main competing countries would be likely to act in concert." They also suggested the games were on the verge of "descending into farce."

Michael Cavanagh, the chairman of Commonwealth Games Scotland, said a decision to stay away would be a joint one as he insisted a possible knock on effects for the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow would not be a factor. "In terms of withdrawal we don't see this as simply a Team Scotland decision. "Any decision to withdraw we would see as being a collective decision amongst the countries who are already there and already concerned. We can't allow ourselves to be influenced by thoughts of how it may impact on 2014, not when we have something as important as the safety of our athletes to consider."

Indian reactions

The Commonwealth Games organisers responded to Western concerns saying there were 48 hours to save the games after warnings of a pull out. Many Bollywood actors also expressed dismay at the state of the Games.[48]

Withdrawals

Christine Ohuruogu, the Olympic 400m champion, and Lisa Dobriskey, a 1500m runner, also withdrew citing injuries. This was after Jamaican runners Usain Bolt and Asafa Powell withdrew because of injuries.[49] Kenya's Commonwealth Games 800 metres champion Janeth Jepkosgei and 2007 world marathon champion Luke Kibet withdrew due to injury.[50]

Doping

Prior to the Games, four wrestlers, a shot-putter and two swimmers who were all part of India's Games squad tested positive for methylhexaneamine. Four others, who were not picked for the Games in the Indian capital, also failed drug tests conducted at the various training camps across the country.[51][52]

Infrastructure problems

On 21 September 2010, a foot bridge under construction for the Commonwealth Games near the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium collapsed, injuring at least 23 people,[53] mainly workers, highlighting fears of poor workmanship. Commenting on the incident, Sheila Dikshit, Chief Minister of Delhi, also controversially remarked that it was only meant for spectators and not for athletes.[54] Following the collapse, Commonwealth Games Federation president Michael Fennell expressed concern that the two-week event, scheduled to begin in October, was seriously compromised by conditions at the Games village that had "shocked the majority".[55] Reportedly, progress was still slow and four or five accommodation towers at the Games village were unfinished, lacking facilities such as wireless internet, fitted toilets and plumbing. In addition, rubble, unused masonry and discarded bricks littered the unfinished gardens. According to sports historian Boria Majumdar, author of the Sellotape Legacy: Delhi and the Commonwealth Games, India "may have to pull a miracle."[55]

On 22 September 2010, part of the drop ceiling of the new Commonwealth Games weightlifting venue in New Delhi was reported to have collapsed.[56]

References

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  50. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE68L1TK20100922
  51. ^ "India stunned by failed dope tests ahead of Games".
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  53. ^ "CWG: Bridge collapses near JLN stadium". ZeeNews. 21 September 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
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  56. ^ "Games roof collapse - report". The Australian. 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-09-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
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