Hualapai

	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/commune/hualapai.pdf

Hualapai
Climate chart (explanation)
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
	█ Precipitation totals in inches
	Source: http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/commune/hualapai.pdf
Metric conversion
	█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
	█ Precipitation totals in mm

Hualapai
	Ta'thamiche, a Hualapai
Regions with significant populations
	Hualapai Indian Reservation
Languages
	Hualapai, English
Religion
	Indigenous, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
	Yavapai, Havasupai

The Hualapai or Walapai (Hualapai: Hwalbáy^[1]) are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the mountains of northwestern Arizona, United States. The name is derived from "hwa:l," the Hualapai word for ponderosa pine, "Hualapai" meaning "people of the ponderosa pine". Their traditional territory is a 100-mile (160-kilometre) stretch along the pine-clad southern side of the Grand Canyon with the tribal capital located at Peach Springs.

The Reservation

The community is governed by the Hualapai Tribal Council which includes a chairperson, vice-chairperson, and seven other council members. Law enforcement is provided by the Hualapai Nation Tribal Police Department which came into existence in 2002. The department consists of a Chief Of Police, Deputy Chief, Criminal Invesigator and 11 sworn, Arizona state certified Patrol Officers. Fire protection is provided by the BIA and the local volunteer fire department. Alcoholism and obesity are major problems among many Native American people, so there are community-wide anti-drug and anti-alcohol efforts.

Average temperature and precipitation

Economy

The tribal economy is based on tourism, river-rafting, cattle-ranching, hunting expeditions, and timber-cutting, as well as crafting of traditional and modern folk arts. Business matters are guided by the Hualapai Enterprise Board, a committee of independent, business-minded tribal members and non-members. Complete banking services are provided by Arizona's major financial institutions in Kingman.

Full-time employment is provided mostly through government programs.

Current growth

There has been rapid economic, social, and governmental progress.

More than 200 new homes have been built recently.
About 14 miles (23 kilometers) of town curbed.
An improved community water and sewer system provides infrastructure for future growth.
300 streetlights were installed in 1999.

Taxes

State Taxes: The State of Arizona does not tax Indian lands and Indian-owned property on reservations. Incomes of Indians residing on reservations are not taxed by the state if they are wholly derived from reservation sources. Indian people of Arizona are also exempt from state and local sales taxes on consumer goods purchased on the reservation, unless such taxes are imposed by the tribal government. However, the state of Arizona collects taxes from reservation residents on sales of gasoline, electricity, natural gas, and telephone service.
Federal Taxes: The Federal Government does not exempt individual Indians from income taxes or other federal taxes.

History and culture

Major traditional ceremonies: "Maturity" and "Mourning"
Modern festivals: The annual Sobriety Festival is in June.
Afterlife: The souls of the dead are believed to go northwestward to a beautiful land where plentiful harvest grow. This land is seen only by their spirits.
Traditional dress: Full suits of deerskin and rabbit skin robes.
Traditional language: Yuman
Traditional housing: Conical houses formed from cedar boughs using the single slope form called a Wikiup.
Reservation Created: By executive order in 1883

Hualapai bands and villages

The Hualapai (Walapa) were divided into seven bands, which were composed of several extended family groups, living in small villages:^[2]

Mata`va-kapai (Northern People)

Villages: Hadū'ba, Hai'ya, Hathekáva-kió, Huwuskót, Kahwāga, Kwa'thekithe'i'ta, Mati'bika, Tanyika'

Soto`lve-kapai (Western People)

Villages: Chimethi'ap, Ha-kamuê', Háka-tovahádja, Hamte', Ha'theweli'-kio', Ivthi'ya-tanakwe, Kenyuā'tci, Kwatéhá, Nyi'l'ta, Quwl'-nye-há, Thawinūya, Waika'i'la, Wa-nye-ha', Wi'ka-tavata'va, Wi-kawea'ta, Winya'-ke-tawasa, Wiyakana'mo

Ko`o`u-kapai (Mesa People)

Villages: Crozier (amerikan. Bez.), Djiwa'ldja, Hak-tala'kava, Haktutu'deva, Hê'l, Katha't-nye-ha', Muketega'de, Qwa'ga-we', Sewi', Taki'otha'wa, Wi-kanyo

Nyav-kapai (Eastern People)

Villages: Agwa'da, Ha'ke-takwi'va, Haksa', Hānya-djiluwa'ya, Tha've-nalnalwi'dje, Wiwakwa'ga, Yiga't

Hakia`tce-pai/Talta`l-kuwa (Cane People ?)

Villages: Hakeskia'l, Hakia'ch, Ka'nyu'tekwa', Tha'va-ka-lavala'va, Wi-ka-tāva, Witevikivol, Witkitana'kwa

Kwe`va-kapai (Southern People)

Villages: Chivekaha', Djimwā'nsevio', Ha-djiluwa'ya, Hapu'k, Kwakwa', Kwal-hwa'ta, Kwathā'wa, Tak-mi'nva

Hual`la-pai (Pinery People)

Villages: Hake-djeka'dja, Ilwi'nya-ha', Kahwa't, Tak-tada'pa

Hualapai War

This war was caused by an increase in traffic through the area on the Fort Mojave-Prescott Toll Road which elevated tensions and produced armed conflicts between the Hualapai and the European American. The war broke out in May 1865, when the Hualapai leader Anasa was killed by a man named Hundertinark in the area of Camp Willow Grove and in March 1866 a man named Clower was killed by the Hualapai. The Hualapai cut off the route from Prescott, Arizona to the Colorado River ports. It was not until W. H. Hardy negotiated a peace agreement at Beale Springs that the raids and the fighting subsided. However, the agreement lasted only nine months when it was broken after Chief Wabyuma was killed during a dispute with the Walker party over the treaty. After the chief's death, raids by the Hualapai Indians began in full force, raiding mining camps and settlers. The cavalry from Fort Mojave responded, with the help of the Mohave Indians, by attacking Hualapai rancherias and razing them. The Hualapai began to surrender as whooping cough and dysentery weakened their ranks; they were led by Chief Leve Leve of the Yavapai peoples. The warrior Sherum (who was known for his tenacity as a warrior) later surrendered, thus ending the Hualapai Wars in 1870. It is estimated that one-third of the Hualapai people were killed during this war either by the conflict or disease.

References

^ Watahomigie, Lucille, Jorigine Bender, Akira Yamamoto, University of Los Angeles. Hualapai reference grammar. 1982.
^ John R. Swanton: The Indian Tribes of North America, ISBN 978-0806317304, 2003

Sources

Intertribal Council of Arizona (Hualapai)
Hualapai Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona United States Census Bureau
Hualapai Tribe
The Havasupai and the Hualapai
Camp Beale's Springs - Mohave Museum
Thrapp, Dan L. (1967). The Conquest of Apacheria. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. LCCC 67-15588. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

External links

[1] Watahomigie, Lucille, Jorigine Bender, Akira Yamamoto, University of Los Angeles. Hualapai reference grammar. 1982.

[2] John R. Swanton: The Indian Tribes of North America, ISBN 978-0806317304, 2003

[1]

[2]