Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

Bids for the
2016 (2016) Summer Olympics and Paralympics

Overview
Games of the XXXI Olympiad XV Paralympic Games
Winner: Rio de Janeiro Runner-up: Madrid Shortlist: Tokyo · Chicago
Details
City	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Chair	Carlos Arthur Nuzman
NOC	Brazilian Olympic Committee
Evaluation
IOC score	6.4
Previous Games hosted
None • Bid for 1936, 2004 and 2012
Decision
Result	Winner (66 votes)

The Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics was a successful campaign to host the Games of the XXXI Olympiad and the Games of the XV Paralympiad, respectively. It was submitted on September 13, 2007, and recognized as an Applicant city by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007. On June 4, 2008, the IOC Executive Board shortlisted Rio de Janeiro with three of the six other Applicant cities—Chicago, Madrid and Tokyo; over Baku, Doha and Prague—becoming a Candidate city during a meeting in Athens, Greece.

Rio de Janeiro was shortlisted receiving a 6.4 score, according to a study of its Application File delivered to the IOC Working Group on January 14, 2008. As a Candidate city, Rio de Janeiro submitted its Candidature File to the IOC on February 11, 2009. The dossier was analyzed by the IOC Evaluation Commission, which arrived in the city on April 27, 2009, to assess the conditions of the candidature. Between April 29 and May 2, the Commission under the leadership of Nawal El Moutawakel attended technical presentations and made inspections in all the existing venues across the city.

The Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) chose Rio de Janeiro as its bidding city to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, during its Annual Assembly on September 1, 2006. This was the city's first bid that proceeded to the Candidature phase, after three failed attempts for the 1936, 2004 and the 2012 Summer Olympics. The lengthy and intensive bidding process was concluded with the election of Rio de Janeiro as the host city during the 121st IOC Session, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 2, 2009. It will be the first city in South America to host the Olympics.

Rio de Janeiro is planning to hold all the competitions inside the city, at a cost of US$14.4 billion, as was done in the XV Pan American Games. There will be 30 competition venues in four Olympic zones—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã—apart from venues for golf and rugby sevens, which were added to the Olympic program after the election. Football matches will be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador and São Paulo. The proposed dates range from August 5 to 21 for the Summer Olympics, and September 7 to 18 for the Summer Paralympics.

Candidature process

The Sugarloaf Mountain was chosen as the symbol of the campaign, appearing stylized in the official logo.

Rio de Janeiro's bidding process began on July 28, 2006, when the Executive Council of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC) met to consider the possibility of nominating a Brazilian city to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016. This meeting was prompted by the fact that several cities in the world demonstrated interest around the election, some having already announced their bidding intention. The BOC then commissioned a technical analysis to evaluate the conditions of the city, unveiled on August 25, 2006. On September 1, 2006, the BOC's Annual Assembly decided by acclamation that Rio de Janeiro would be the Brazilian representative seeking to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. The Assembly felt it was the only city in Brazil and South America which would possess Olympic-level facilities ready for an Olympic bid, a legacy of its upcoming hosting of the XV Pan American Games in 2007, considered to be the best in history. Another positive aspect was that Rio de Janeiro could host all the Olympic sports, excepting football (soccer), within the city limits. The Brazilian government immediately expressed its full support to the bid. Carlos Arthur Nuzman, the BOC President, and César Maia, then Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, approved the decision, thus making the city the official Brazilian candidate.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched the bidding process for the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on May 16, 2007. All then 203 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) were invited to submit the name of a city within their jurisdiction until September 13, 2007. On September 14, 2007, the IOC recognized seven cities—Baku, Chicago, Doha, Madrid, Prague, Rio de Janeiro, and Tokyo—which had been put forward by their respective NOCs to bid. On October 1, 2007, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee paid a fee of US$150,000 to the IOC and signed the Candidature Acceptance Procedure. Soon after, from October 15 to 19, 2007, Rio officials attended the 2016 Applicant cities' Seminar at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, where they learnt more about the bidding process. On January 14, 2008, the seven Applicant cities returned their Application Files, containing the answers and guarantees requested by the 2016 Candidature Acceptance Procedure, which provided to the IOC an overview of each city's project. The responses were studied by the IOC Working Group for months, culminating with the announcement of Chicago, Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro and Madrid as Candidate cities on June 4, 2008, during a meeting of the IOC Executive Board at the 2008 SportAccord convention in Athens, Greece.

Rio de Janeiro bid for the 1936, 2004 and the 2012 Summer Olympics, but failed on every occasion, missing the shortlist in the two latest attempts. For the first time in the Candidature phase, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee participated in the Olympic Games Observers Program between August 8 and August 24, 2008, during the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. On February 11, 2009, Rio officials delivered its Candidature File to the IOC, containing the responses to the 2016 Candidature Procedure and Questionnaire. Eight days later, on February 19, 2009, the Candidature File was also delivered to the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in Bonn, Germany. The Rio de Janeiro 2016 Candidature File had three volumes containing 568 pages of detailed answers to 300 technical questions, divided into 17 themes. On March 26, 2009, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee made a praised presentation during the 2009 SportAccord conference in Denver, United States. It was the first time that the world map with the Olympic host cities and a blank in South America was displayed, subsequently becoming an icon of Rio's campaign. On June 17, 2009, the IOC organized the 2016 Candidate Cities Briefing to its members at the Olympic Museum, where the Rio de Janeiro bid committee made the most important presentation before the election.

Table of scores given by the IOC Working Group to assess the quality and feasibility of Rio de Janeiro's bid

Criteria		Weight	Grade[α]										Feasibility
			Min	Max					Planned				Min	Max
Accommodation		5	5.5	6.4					3–5 star rooms				0.7	0.9
Accommodation concept (20%)			5.0	7.0					Media villages				0.7	0.8
Number of rooms (80%)									Other rooms				0.6	0.9
Environmental conditions and impact		2	5.6	7.6									0.80
Current environmental conditions (40%)			5.0	7.0									0.85
Environmental impact (60%)			6.0	8.0									0.85
Experience from past sports events		2	6.6	7.9
Number of major international events organized (60%)			7.0	8.5					Categories[β]
Quality of the events (40%)			6.0	7.0					Commercial revenue
Finance		3	6.0	7.7					Commercial revenue projection of USD 750 million considered feasible. Brazil listed at A4 by COFACE Country Risk Rating out of seven risk levels (A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C and D, in order of increasing risk).
General infrastructure		5	5.3	7.2
Airport (5%)			5.0	7.5
International Broadcast Center–Main Press Center (15%)			6.0	8.0
Transport infrastructure (85%)	Existing		5.0	7.0					Telecommunications
	Planned and additional		7.0	9.0					Brazil appear to offer a satisfactory level of development with modernisation plans underway that would support the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, according to an IDATE Report.
Government support, legal issues and public opinion		3	7.3	8.8
Government support & commitment (70%)			7.0	9.0
Olympic Charter, legal aspects and anti-doping measures (15%)			8.0	9.0
Public opinion (15%)			7.7
Olympic Village		3	6.0	7.7					Glossary
Concept (40%)			6.0	8.0					Grade: Value (on a scale of 0 to 10) attributed by the IOC Working Group to the main and sub-criteria, using the format of an interval comprising a minimum and maximum grade. Feasibility: Probability of a project being achieved in the proposed timeframe. A factor (value of 0.1 to 1.0) applicable to the grades can penalise the project to which it is attributed. Weight: Importance given by the IOC Working Group to a main or sub-criterion in relation to other criteria or sub-criteria.
Legacy (20%)			8.0	9.0
Location (40%)			6.0	8.0
Overall project and legacy		3	5.5	8.0
Safety and security		3	4.5	7.0
Sports venues		4	5.8	7.4
Existing venues (35%)			5.0	7.0
Olympic Games sports concept & legacy (30%)			6.0	8.0
Planned and additional venues (35%)			6.5	8.0					Notes
Transport concept		3	5.5	7.5					α The IOC Working Group set the benchmark at 6 as the minimum required grade. β The IOC Working Group commissioned reports about the presented categories instead of attributing grades based on the Applicant File.
Distances and travel times (50%)			5.0	7.0
Transport organisation and traffic management at Games-time (50%)			6.0	8.0
Total average			6.4

Evaluation

Rio de Janeiro was primarily evaluated during the Applicant phase, on March 14, 2008, when the IOC Working Group released its report after four days of meetings, giving a weighted-average score of 6.4 to the bid. It was based on a thorough technical analysis of the projects presented on the Application File, which was developed by the Rio de Janeiro bid committee after having access to the Olympic Games Knowledge Management database as well as the official IOC Technical Manuals. The Working Group, composed of several experts, assessed the city's potential for staging successful Olympic Games according to eleven criteria—government support, legal issues and public opinion; general infrastructure; sport venues; Olympic village; environment conditions and impact; accommodation; transport concept; safety and security; experience from past sport events; finance; and overall project and legacy—of which Rio de Janeiro scored better on political aspects and experience, while its worst scores were related to accommodation and safety. The Working Group also gave a 8.3 score to Tokyo, 8.1 to Madrid, 7.0 to Chicago, 6.9 to Doha, 5.3 to Prague and 4.3 to Baku; being the basis for the shortlist of Candidate cities. After the completion of the Applicant phase, the IOC announced the composition of the Evaluation Commission on September 18, 2008, which inspected the four Candidate cities. The commission was under the leadership of Nawal El Moutawakel, who also chaired the Evaluation Commission of the bid process for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

On April 27, 2009, the IOC Evaluation Commission arrived in Rio de Janeiro to assess the conditions of the candidature, stating that the welcoming activities prepared by the city had been the best. During the first two days of the visit, the Evaluation Commission held internal meetings at Copacabana Palace, the host hotel. Between April 29 and 30, the Commission attended technical presentations in a large ballroom equipped with lighting and multi-media resources, where it participated in question-and-answer sessions on each of the seventeen themes presented in the Candidature File. The last two days were marked by the inspectors' visits to all existing venues across the city, such as the Maracanã Stadium and the Maria Lenk Aquatic Center. On May 2, 2009, the Evaluation Commission made a press conference to highlight the main points of the visit. According to El Moutawakel, the Commission was very impressed with the unity of government support, the quality of the presentations and the level of integration of the Games in the country's long-term development plan. After seven days of inspections involving 300 professionals, the thirteen members of the IOC Evaluation Commission left Rio de Janeiro on May 3, 2009, on the way to Madrid. One month before the election, on September 2, 2009, the IOC released the 2016 Evaluation Commission Report and described the documents submitted by the Rio de Janeiro bid committee as "of a very high quality", boosting the candidature. Rio officials welcomed the report after receiving a positive assessment.

Election

Rio de Janeiro's three-year campaign culminated with the 121st IOC Session, which officially began with an opening ceremony held at the Opera House of Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 1, 2009. Earlier the same day, the Danish Royal Family offered a lunch to the representatives of the four Candidate cities at the Amalienborg Palace. Preparing for the election, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee closed 230 of the 268 rooms of the Skt. Petri Hotel at a cost of almost 1 million Brazilian reais (R$) to accommodate its delegation of nearly 200 people in Copenhagen. Photos and flags of the candidature decorated the main hall and some of the hotel rooms become offices. On October 2, 2009, the meetings of the IOC Session started at Bella Center, marking the last hours of campaign. Each of the Candidate cities made their final presentation of 45 minutes in the order of drawing of lots—Chicago, Tokyo, Rio de Janeiro, Madrid—as performed by the IOC Executive Board in 2007. Rio de Janeiro went to the Hall A of Bella Center at 12:05 (CEST) with a delegation of 60 people, which included bid leaders, government authorities and athletes. João Havelange made the opening speech for the city's presentation followed by Carlos Arthur Nuzman, who indicated geographical issues along with the iconic map of past Olympic host cities. The presentation also included Sérgio Cabral, Henrique Meirelles, Eduardo Paes, Carlos Roberto Osório and Isabel Swan. Pelé, Daniel Dias and Bárbara Leôncio were athletes that attended the presentation but did not make speeches to the Session.

Celebration after the announcement of Rio de Janeiro as the host city.

The President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, made a plea to bring the Summer Olympics for the first time to South America. Nuzman concluded the presentation, which included a short film (called Unity^A) by Academy Award nominated director Fernando Meirelles, and a music video (called Celebration^B). Then, Rio officials responded to questions by Arne Ljungqvist about doping legislation; Albert II, Prince of Monaco about the project's legacy; and Austin Sealy about organization risks. Following the presentations by the cities, Nawal El Moutawakel presented the report of the Evaluation Commission to the Session. From a total of 106 eligible IOC members, 95 were available to vote in the first round. IOC members from the four bidding countries were not allowed to vote until their city was eliminated. Alpha Ibrahim Diallo, Kun Hee Lee, Saku Koivu and the IOC president were eligible members who did not vote. Chicago fell in the first round with 18 votes, while Tokyo received 22, Rio 26, and Madrid 28. In the second round, Tokyo was eliminated with 20 votes, while Madrid received 29 and Rio 46. Rio de Janeiro was elected in the final round with a large majority of the votes over Madrid (66 to 32). The winning city was revealed by Jacques Rogge at 6:30 (UTC+2) during an announcement ceremony hosted by Lillian Gjerulf Kretz and Jonathan Edwards. Nearly 100,000 people celebrated the victory on Copacabana beach, while watching the live broadcast. Following the announcement, the IOC and Rio officials signed the Host City Contract.

Candidature concept

Rio de Janeiro 2016-themed Ferris wheel on Copacabana beach, built to promote the campaigning. Images were projected on it while operating.

According to the Rio de Janeiro bid committee, the bid's concept was based on four principles—technical excellence, experience of a lifetime, transformation, and supporting the Olympic and Paralympic Movements—highlighting the city's celebration lifestyle, as seen on its promotional video (called Passion^C). The 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will embed the Games in society as a catalyst for social integration, through programs for job generation, education, community outreach, volunteerism, training and up-skilling initiatives. The campaign also focused on youth and the fact that South America never hosted the Olympic Games, considering it to be a "self affirmation" of the Brazilian people. Rio de Janeiro integrated economic, environmental and social elements into its "Green Games for a Blue Planet" vision and planted 2386 seedlings to offset 716 tons of carbon emitted over the two years of campaign. Athletes and spectators will enjoy good climatic conditions in Rio de Janeiro, where mild southern hemisphere winter with absence of heavy rainfall provides favorable atmosphere for athletic performance. Average midday temperature of 24.2 °C (75.6 °F) is predicted during the proposed dates for the Games, with temperatures ranging from 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) to 28.1 °C (82.6 °F) and humidity levels of 66.4%.

The visual identity of the candidature consisted of a logo and a slogan, which were applied in marketing moves during the campaign. Designed by Ana Soter and selected among four finalists by a special jury, the logo was unveiled during the 2007 Brazilian Olympic Awards, held at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro, on December 17, 2007. The Sugarloaf Mountain was chosen to be the symbol as one of the city's most famous landmarks. According to the Rio de Janeiro bid committee, the design as a whole conveys a heart shape, representing Brazilian passion and enthusiasm for sports. First with only the inscription "Applicant city", the logo received the Olympic rings and the label "Candidate city" after being shortlisted. At midnight on January 1, 2009, the bid's slogan "Live your passion" was launched as part of the New Year's celebrations, which was attended by nearly two million people. According to the Rio de Janeiro bid committee, the slogan reflected the Brazilian's way of getting passionately involved in whatever they do. It was projected onto the Rio de Janeiro 2016-themed Ferris wheel after the countdown to the beginning of 2009. The structure erected on Copacabana beach to promote the candidature was 36 m (118 ft 1 in) high, weighed 80 tonnes (180,000 lb) and had 24 gondolas for 144 people.

Rio de Janeiro previously hosted major sporting, business and cultural events. On the sporting front, these events included World Cups and World Championships in many Olympic sports, as well as regional championships. From July 13 to July 29, 2007, the city successfully staged the 15th and largest ever edition of the Pan American Games (over 5,650 athletes competing in 34 sports) and the accompanying Parapan American Games (over 1,150 athletes competing in 10 sports). Rio de Janeiro hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup and is going to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup, just two years before the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, which includes upgrades to security, telecommunications and tourism infrastructure. The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup will also be organised by Brazil and used as a test event for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The proposed competition schedule spreads medals across the entire program with two peaks at the weekends, being similar to the 2008 Summer Olympics program. The period proposed by the Rio de Janeiro bid committee to stage the 2016 Summer Olympics is from Friday, August 5, to Sunday, August 21, 2016. It is also proposed that the 2016 Summer Paralympics begin on the Independence Day of Brazil, Wednesday, September 7, and last until Sunday, September 18.

Politics

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, at the Beijing Olympics.

Rio de Janeiro had full political backing and significant popular support. The Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) will be the legal entity responsible for planning and staging the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. The bid committee was under the leadership of an Honorary Council and an Executive Board. The Honorary Council comprised the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Mayor of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and the two Brazilian IOC members, Carlos Arthur Nuzman and João Havelange. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Sérgio Cabral and Eduardo Paes signed the guarantees and covenants required by the IOC, as well as some additional undertakings. The Executive Board was chaired by Carlos Arthur Nuzman and Carlos Roberto Osório, President General and Secretary General, respectively, of the bid committee and BOC. Rio de Janeiro's government and all major political parties of Brazil endorsed and pledged complete support for Rio de Janeiro's candidature and, ultimately, the conduct of the Games in Brazil. The candidature includes support from international federations and organizations. The Brazilian President also formed a Federal government Inter-Ministerial Committee, under the patronage of the Minister of Sport, Orlando Silva. The Ministry of External Relations and the Ministry of Labor guaranteed the entry, exit and working arrangements for Games personnel. People in possession of a valid passport and an Olympic or Paralympic Identity and Accreditation Card, in lieu of a visa, will be able to enter the Brazilian territory.

Controversies

Evaluation Commission touring Madrid despite the spy scandal.

The IOC's decision to shortlist Rio de Janeiro over Doha generated criticism, as the Doha bid committee accused the IOC of "closing the door on the Arab world" and of making a political decision rather than judging on technical grounds. Doha outperformed Rio de Janeiro in the majority of the categories assessed, but according to the IOC, Doha's desire to stage the Olympics in October because of high temperatures was the reason the bid was rejected. On May 3, 2009, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee accused the Madrid bid committee of sending a spy to Rio de Janeiro during the visit of the Evaluation Commission, and considered filing a formal ethics complaint with the IOC. Simon Walsh, who claimed to be a reporter working for EFE, omitted the fact of be a paid consultant of the Madrid bid committee and was stripped of his media accreditation. Madrid officials denied the accusations. On June 14, 2009, the American television network NBC aired the episode "The Glory That Was..." from the series Law & Order: Criminal Intent, in which a security company, interested in millionaire contracts with the possibility of hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil, bought votes of members of the "Olympic Site Selection Committee" for Rio de Janeiro and murdered a member of the Belgian Olympic Committee. When aired by AXN in Brazil on September 3, 2009, the episode received much criticism. Eduardo Paes called the show "ridiculous and pathetic", while the Rio de Janeiro bid committee condemned the "irresponsible and reckless use" of the city's image.

Ahead of the election, the Rio de Janeiro bid committee lodged an official complaint against Madrid with the IOC Ethics Commission about comments made by José Maria Odriozola, vice president of the Spanish Olympic Committee (SOC), on September 30, 2009; and considered doing the same against Richard M. Daley, Mayor of Chicago, due to his comments on September 21, 2009. Rio officials believe that Daley implied that the city was incapable of hosting the Olympics when he said that hosting it was "not the same as hosting the [2014] FIFA World Cup". Odriozola called Rio de Janeiro "the worst of the four candidates", forcing a formal apology by Mercedes Coghen on behalf of the Madrid bid committee. According to the IOC rules, rival cities are not allowed to directly criticise other bidders. After the conclusion of the bid process, Shintarō Ishihara, Governor of Tokyo, blamed "invisible dynamics" and political deals for Tokyo's failure. Rio officials repudiated "the inappropriate statements" and sent a formal notification to the IOC on October 6, 2009. On November 30, 2009, the Hollywood actor Robin Williams caused embarrassment due to humorous comments made in an interview with David Letterman. During the Late Show with David Letterman, broadcast by CBS, Williams said that Rio de Janeiro was elected as host city because it sent "50 strippers and a pound of blow" to compete with Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey, from Chicago. The comments were widely criticized by the Brazilian media and government authorities.

Candidature project

Artistic concept of the proposed rowing venue to be located at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas on Copacabana zone.

Rio de Janeiro proposed to hold all sporting events within the city limits—apart from the football (soccer) tournaments which would be held in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Salvador and São Paulo—making the Games more compact and technically feasible. The competition venues will be located in four Olympic zones—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã—and divided in seven Olympic clusters—Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, Flamengo, João Havelange, Lagoa and Maracanã—with four Olympic precincts—Maracanã, Olympic Park, Riocentro and X Park. The Olympic and Paralympic Village, the International Broadcast Centre (IBC) and the Main Press Centre (MPC) will be located at the Barra zone, which is the core of the project and includes the largest number of competition venues. A television tower will be built at the IBC/MPC complex to complement broadcasting operations and provide panoramic studios. There will be a media-exclusive hotel within the complex, accessible directly from the IBC/MPC. The Olympic and Paralympic Village complex will include an Olympic Village Training Center, an Olympic Village Park, an Olympic Beach and direct access to the Olympic Park, in addition to the 8,856 rooms to accommodate over 17,770 athletes and team officials, including accredited additional officials.

Rio de Janeiro's competition venues meet the International Federation's (IFs) technical requirements and both IOC and IPC standards, and align with the City Master Plan and legacy strategy. Most venues are already operational, recently developed or renovated. According to the Rio de Janeiro 2016 bid committee, there are ten (29%) existing venues with no permanent works required and eight (24%) venues requiring reforms, while nine (26%) new permanent venues and seven (21%) temporary venues will be built. In total there will be 34 competition venues alongside 29 training venues, as part of the training venues strategy. The most significant legacy project from the bid is the Olympic Training Center (OTC) program and facilities with its headquarters located in Barra zone. Furthermore, the Rio de Janeiro 2016 bid committee recognized the possibility of new sports being added to the Olympic Program and, following detailed analysis for each of the seven potential sports—baseball, golf, karate, roller sports, rugby, softball and squash—confirmed its capability to accommodate any of them in respect to venues, transport and other operational or logistical aspects. In addition, Rio de Janeiro and the four proposed cities to hold football (soccer) competitions—Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Salvador and São Paulo—were chosen to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Rio de Janeiro will build the Summer Paralympics, upon the experience of hosting the III Parapan American Games—considered "the best ever" by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and the Americas Paralympic Committee (APC)—as well as many other international competitions for athletes with disabilities. For this purpose, the organizing committee will include representatives of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee (BPC) and create a specific department responsible for supervising the Games. Another element that will bring the Paralympics up to par with their Olympic counterpart is the reuse of twenty Olympic competition venues for the equivalent Paralympic sports. Promotion of accessibility-friendly measures by the hospitality and tourism industries will also be encouraged and recognized by the government.

Infrastructure

A large banner hangs in Rio de Janeiro as part of the look of the bid.

Rio de Janeiro's infrastructure, systems, management structures and staff readiness will be tested during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and during dedicated test events for the transport network in 2015. There will be 49,750 rooms to meet IOC requirements, of which some 1,700 are located in apartment hotels in the city and more than 13,000 in hotels throughout Rio de Janeiro and the football tournament host cities. Rio de Janeiro proposed the use of cruise ships and condominium apartments to overcome a possible shortage in the number of hotel rooms. Six modern cruise ships will provide more than 8,500 cabins. Media would be accommodated in a combination of media villages and hotels. Rio de Janeiro plans to implement 150 km (93 mi) of Olympic lanes connecting the four Olympic zones and the Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport. An existing corridor of high-capacity rail and metro systems as well as motorways and major roads links three of the four Olympic zones, and with the development of the western corridor, all four zones will be connected. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system is going to be the main solution to the city's topography. Security and disaster-related risks for the event will be mitigated by the implementation of a comprehensive security operation. Crime in parts of Rio de Janeiro was considered to be an issue for the safety of people attending the Games. Rio de Janeiro's experience in mounting security structures around highly mediatized and crowd-attracting events is a positive aspect. The Federal Government will be responsible for the security of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

Finance

Bid president Carlos Arthur Nuzman presenting the specifications.

The three levels of Brazilian government assured the free provision of a range of services to the bid, including security, medical services, customs, transport, immigration, and other governmental services and support. Rio de Janeiro also approved funding of US$240 billion from the Program for Growth Acceleration (PAC) of the federal government. Other revenue-generating activities include sponsorship sales, ticketing program, licensing and merchandising. These revenues will be supplemented by IOC-secured commercial and broadcast contributions. Capital expenditure on infrastructure by the government or the private sector includes already committed and ongoing investments of US$3.9 billion on projects such as airport and subway expansions and construction of the metropolitan road arc. The OCOG budget does not assume any capital contributions to the construction of permanent or legacy venues, other than for Games overlay, including the construction of temporary venues. The balance of OCOG expenditures will be funded by the public sector, involving a combination of government commitments from Federal, State and Municipal levels. The OCOG budget and operating expenses are projected at US$2.8 billion, with its Olympic-related budget, including capital investments in transportation, sports venues and incremental costs being US$11.6 billion. The government submitted guarantees to cover any potential shortfall. The bid expenses for both Applicant and Candidature phases were of R$85,792 million, as released during the official closing of the campaign on November 11, 2009.

See Also

• Chicago bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
• Tokyo bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics
• Madrid bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics

External links

• Official website. Rio de Janeiro bid committee (current Organizing Committee).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Official website. Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Official website. Brazilian Paralympic Committee (BPC).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Official website. International Olympic Committee (IOC).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Official website. International Paralympic Committee (IPC).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Official website. 121st IOC Session and 13th Olympic Congress.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Official videos

• Elections for the 2016 Games (VOD). (IOC). October 2, 2009.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • ^A Unity on YouTube.
  • ^B Celebration on YouTube.
  • ^C Passion on YouTube.
  • ^D Master Plan on YouTube.

Official documents

• Candidature Acceptance Procedure (PDF). (IOC). May 16, 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Application File for Rio de Janeiro (PDF). (BOC). January 14, 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Working Group Report (PDF). (IOC). March 14, 2008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Candidature Procedure and Questionnaire (PDF). (IOC). June 4, 2008.
  • Executive Summary for Rio de Janeiro (PDF). (BOC). February 12, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Candidature File for Rio de Janeiro (PDF). Vol. 1. (BOC). February 12, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Candidature File for Rio de Janeiro (PDF). Vol. 2. (BOC). February 12, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Candidature File for Rio de Janeiro (PDF). Vol. 3. (BOC). February 12, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Report of the Evaluation Commission (PDF). (IOC). September 2, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)