Sandy Bridge

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Sandy Bridge, Nehalem's successor, is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel's Israel Development Center[1] beginning in 2005 targeting the 32 nm process. The codename was previously "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" in Hebrew).[2] Sandy Bridge processors were first released on January 9, 2011. Intel demoed a Sandy Bridge processor with A1 stepping at 2 GHz during the Intel Developer Forum in 2009.[3]

The yet-to-be released 22 nm die shrink of Sandy Bridge has the codename Ivy Bridge.[4][5]

Microarchitecture

Ivy Bridge

Ivy Bridge is the codename for the yet-to-be released 22 nm die shrink of Sandy Bridge. Ivy Bridge processors will be backward compatible with the Sandy Bridge platform.[6]

Expected Ivy Bridge feature improvements from Sandy Bridge:

Performance

Sandy Bridge

Up to 17% more CPU performance clock-for-clock compared to Lynnfield processors (Nehalem generation), while its integrated graphics provides around twice the performance of Clarkdale/Arrandale's, which has 12 EUs. [9]

Ivy Bridge

Intel is targeting a 30 percent graphics performance and 20 percent CPU performance boost compared to Sandy Bridge.[10]

Variants overview

Sandy Bridge

CPU Specification Comparison
Socket Cores Transistor count Die size
LGA 1155 4 995 Million 216 mm2
2 (6 EUs) 504 Million 131 mm2
2 (12 EUs) 642 Million 149 mm2
  • Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set in bold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics unless indicated by N/A.

Desktop processors

[11][12][13]

Desktop
Market 		Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Supported
Memory 		Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
Extreme /
High-End 		LGA
2011 		6 (12)[12][14] Core i7
Extreme 		3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz — 15 MB 130 W 6.4 GT/s QPI Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q4 2011[12]
Core i7 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB
4 (8) 3.6 GHz 3.9 GHz 10 MB 4.8 GT/s QPI
Performance LGA
1155 		2600K 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 8 MB 95 W DMI 2.0 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		2011-1-9 $317
2600 $294
2600S 2.8 GHz 65 W $306
4 (4) Core i5 2500K 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 1100 MHz 6 MB 95 W $216
2500 $205
2500S 2.7 GHz 65 W $216
2500T 2.3 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W $216
2400 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 95 W $184
2405S 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 65 W 2011-5-22 $205
2400S 2011-1-9 $195
2310 2.9 GHz 3.2 GHz 95 W 2011-5-22 $177
2300 2.8 GHz 3.1 GHz 2011-1-9 $177
Mainstream 2 (4) 2390T 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 650 MHz 3 MB 35 W 2011-2-20 $195
Core i3 2120 3.3 GHz — 850 MHz 65 W $138
2105 3.1 GHz 2011-5-22 $134
2100 2011-2-20 $117
2100T 2.5 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $127
2 (2) Pentium G850 2.9 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-5-24 $86
G840 2.8 GHz $75
G620 2.6 GHz $64
G620T 2.2 GHz 650 MHz 35 W $70

Suffixes to denote:

  • K - Unlocked
  • S - Performance optimized lifestyle
  • T - Power optimized lifestyle

Server processors

Server
Market 		Socket Cores
(Threads) 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		Interface Supported
Memory 		TDP Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Standard Turbo
4P Server LGA
2011 		8 (16)
6 (12)
4 (4/8)
2 (2/4) 		Xeon E5 46xx — 2× QPI Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q1 2012
1–2P
Server 		26xx Q4 2011
LGA
1356 		24xx 1× QPI Up to triple
channel
DDR3-1600 		Q1 2012
1P Server LGA
1155 		4 (8) Xeon-E3 1280 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz — 8 MB DMI 2.0 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333 		95 W 2011-3-15 $612
1275 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz $339
1270 — 80 W $328
1260L 2.4 GHz 3.3 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 45 W $294
1245 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 95 W $262
1240 — 80 W $250
1235 3.2 GHz 3.6 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $240
1230 — 80 W $215
4 (4) 1225 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 6 MB 95 W $194
1220 — 8 MB 80 W $189
2 (4) 1220L 2.2 GHz 3 MB 20 W $189

Mobile processors

  • Core i5-2515E and Core i7-2715QE processors have support for ECC memory and PCI express port bifurcation.
  • All mobile processors, except Celeron, Pentium use Intel's Graphics sub-system HD 3000 (12 EUs).
Mobile
Market 		Cores /
Threads 		Processor
Branding & Model 		CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache 		TDP Interface Release
Date 		Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo
(1C/2C/4C) 		Standard Turbo
Extreme 4 (8) Core i7
Extreme 		2920XM 2.5 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 8 MB 55 W *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1333 MHz 		2011-1-5 $1096
Performance Core i7 2820QM 2.3 GHz 3.4/3.3/3.1 GHz 45 W $568
2720QM 2.2 GHz 3.3/3.2/3.0 GHz 6 MB $378
2715QE 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.9/2.7 GHz 1200 MHz OEM
2710QE
2635QM 2.0 GHz 2.9/2.8/2.6 GHz
2630QM 1100 MHz
Mainstream 2 (4) 2620M 2.7 GHz 3.4/3.2 GHz 1300 MHz 4 MB 35 W 2011-2-20 $346
2649M 2.3 GHz 3.2/2.9 GHz 500 MHz 1100 MHz 25 W $346
2629M 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz $311
2677M 1.8 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 350 MHz 1200 MHz 17 W 2011-6-20 $317
2637M 1.7 GHz 2.8/2.5 GHz $289
2657M 1.6 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-2-20 $317
2617M 1.5 GHz 2.6/2.3 GHz 950 MHz $289
Core i5 2557M 1.7 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1200 MHz 3 MB 2011-6-20 $250
2537M 1.4 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 900 MHz 2011-2-20 $250
2540M 2.6 GHz 3.3/3.1 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 35 W $266
2520M 2.5 GHz 3.2/3.0 GHz $225
2515E 1100 MHz OEM
2510E
2410M 2.3 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz
2467M 1.6 GHz 2.3/2.1 GHz 350 MHz 1150 MHz 17 W 2011-6-19
Core i3 2330E 2.2 GHz — 650 MHz 1100 MHz 35 W 2011-6-19 OEM
2330M
2310E 2.1 GHz 2011-2-20 OEM
2310M
2357 1.3 GHz 350 MHz 950 MHz 17 W 2011-6-19 OEM
2340UE 800 MHz OEM
2 (2) Pentium B950 2.1 GHz 650 MHz 1100 MHz 2 MB 35 W 2011-6-19 OEM
B940 2.0 GHz
B957 1.2 GHz 350 MHz 800 MHz 17 W
Celeron B810E 1.6 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz 35 W 2011-6-19 OEM
B810 950 MHz 2011-3-13 $86
B800 1.5 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-6-19 $80
B857 1.2 GHz 350 MHz 17 W 2011-7-3 $134
B847E 1.1 GHz 800 MHz 2011-6-19 OEM
B847 $134

Suffixes to denote:

  • M - Mobile processors
    • XXX9M - Low-power mobile processors
    • XXX7M - Ultra low-power mobile processors
  • QM - Quad-core mobile processors
  • XM - Extreme quad-core mobile processors that feature unlocked Turbo multipliers
  • E - Embedded mobile processors
  • QE - Quad-core embedded mobile processors

Cougar Point chipset flaw

On January 31, 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in the Cougar Point Chipset.[15] A hardware issue, in which the chipset's SATA-II ports may fail over time, cause failure of connection to SATA-II devices, though data is not at risk.[16] Intel claims that this problem will only affect 5% of users over 3 years. However, heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February, 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.[17] Motherboard manufacturers (such as ASUS and Gigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.[18][19]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates are not affected.[20] After two weeks, Intel has continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers have to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.[21]

Limitations

Overclocking

Due to the factory integrating a single clock generator to control the speed of all electrical buses, overclocking of Socket-1155 compatible processors through modifying the default 100 MHz base clock speed is very limited, up to 5-7% without other hardware components failing.[22] However, Intel has made available K-edition processors which feature unlocked multipliers; the highest multiplier for Sandy Bridge is 57.[23]

Intel has demonstrated a Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9 GHz on air cooling.[24][25] Up until 2010, 4.5 GHz+ clocks required at least liquid cooling.

Intel Sandy Bridge E-series Processors will come with "Performance OverClocking" support.[26]

Chipset

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Refer to here for chipset support.

Other details

The processors include a "service" called Intel Insider, which the company claims is "an extra layer of content protection",[27] and despite claims, is a form of Digital rights management (a technology that inhibits uses of digital content not desired or intended by the content provider). This protection technology is only intended for streaming services at the moment.

In addition, Sandy Bridge processors with Vpro capability have security features that include the ability to remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, ethernet, or internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.[28]

Successor

The Haswell microarchitecture will be the successor to the Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge architectures.

Intel CPU core roadmaps from NetBurst to Skylake

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.israel21c.org/briefs/intels-new-chip-developed-in-israel
  2. ^ 'Sandy Bridge' Breaks the Mold for Chip Codenames
  3. ^ Crothers, Brooke (2010-12-15). "CES: First Intel next-gen laptops will be quad core". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  4. ^ "Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology". Intel. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  5. ^ "Video Animation: Mark Bohr Gets Small: 22nm Explained". Intel. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  6. ^ Ivy Bridge’s Backwards Compatibility Explained
  7. ^ "Intel Reinvents Transistors Using New 3-D structure". Intel. Retrieved 5/4/2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. ^ Intel Ivy Bridge chips feature PCI Express 3.0 - AfterDawn
  9. ^ AnandTech - The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested
  10. ^ Ivy Bridge to have 20 percent performance advantage over Sandy Bridge
  11. ^ "Price And Release Day Of Intel Sandy Bridge Processor Confirmed - Expreview.com". En.expreview.com. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
  12. ^ a b c "Intel's Sandy Bridge E-Series in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  13. ^ "Additional Details on Sandy Bridge-E Processors, X79, and LGA2011". Anandtech. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
  14. ^ "The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested". Anandtech. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  15. ^ Sandy Bridge، راه حل‌ها، بازار ایران
  16. ^ Tom's Hardware,Intel Identifies Cougar Point Chipset Error, Halts Shipments http://www.tomshardware.com/news/cougar-point-sandy-bridge-sata-error,12108.html
  17. ^ "Intel Identifies Chipset Design Error, Implementing Solution" (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 31, 2011.
  18. ^ "Intel chip bug affects HP, Dell, Samsung and Lenovo". BBC News. 2011-02-03.
  19. ^ "HP to offer refund for PCs with flawed Intel chip". Reuters. 2011-02-02.
  20. ^ Intel to Ship Dual-core Sandy Bridge Chips on Feb. 20 | PCWorld
  21. ^ Intel to continue shipping flawed Sandy Bridge chipsets | Expert Reviews
  22. ^ Intel to limit Sandy Bridge Overclocking, Bit-Tech, July 22, 2010
  23. ^ Anand Lal Shimpi (2010-09-14). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture Exposed". AnandTech. p. 8. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  24. ^ YouTube - ‪Intel demos Sandy Bridge running at 4.9GHz‬‏
  25. ^ "IDF Intel 2010: Intel Overclocks Sandy Bridge CPU to 4.9 GHz, outpaces 12-core AMD Opteron". ZDNet.
  26. ^ Intel to launch X79 Express chipset for Sandy Bridge E enthusiast processors | ZDNet
  27. ^ Knupffer, Nick. "Intel Insider - What Is It? (IS it DRM? And yes it delivers top quality movies to your PC)". Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  28. ^ Hachman, Mark (2010-09-14). "Intel's 'Sandy Bridge' Chip to Include vPro Business Features". PC Magazine.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Bridge&oldid=439074650"