Talk:Science/Outline: Difference between revisions

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→‎Observational social sciences: Too many {main }articles. A list is fine. This is about half of the social sciences. The other half have some experimental component
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{{Main|History of science|History of the social sciences}}
{{Main|History of science|History of the social sciences}}
*Needham's Grand Question
*Needham's Grand Question
*:Formulations

*:# Why didn't science arise in China? -- Falsified by Lu Gwei-djen's dad in 1930s & afterward
*:# Why didn't scientific method arise in China? -- somewhat justified by POV of Taoism
*:# Why didn't science and civilization recover as fast in the Ming dynasty (Needham calls Ming science 'decadent') (after the Mongols -- the Yuan dynasty) as in Europe of the same epoch
*:# Fara's version (p.54) of his answer to 'Needham problem': China's feudal society had not evolved mercantile capitalism, as was occurring in Europe at that time. NB: Needham 1995 SCC 7.2 was 94, having expended his life on the question. I find 7.2 to be a pale shadow of the volumes from 50 years earlier.
*:# Fara's restatement (p.54) of 'Needham problem': "How did European activities lead to the form of science that now dominates the entire world?"
*:#: NB see the graphs in 7.2 which shows how soon China's science integrated with rest of world's science. Chinese medicine, in particular has not yet integrated, in Needham's graphs.
*:Fara, Patricia (2009) ''Science : a four thousand year history'' Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-922689-4 pp.53-54. See entire chapter, "China", as well as Notes, and Sources --[[User:Ancheta Wis|Ancheta Wis]] ([[User talk:Ancheta Wis|talk]]) 19:43, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
====Pre-modern Science====
====Pre-modern Science====
{{Main|History of science in early cultures|History of science in classical antiquity|Science and technology in ancient India|History of science and technology in China|Science in the Middle Ages|Islamic science|Science in Medieval Western Europe|Byzantine science}}
{{Main|History of science in early cultures|History of science in classical antiquity|Science and technology in ancient India|History of science and technology in China|Science in the Middle Ages|Islamic science|Science in Medieval Western Europe|Byzantine science}}

Revision as of 19:43, 19 October 2011

See Talk:Science/Outline discussion for discussion on this draft outline

  • Lede

Etymology, History and Philosophy

Etymology of Science

History of Science

  • Needham's Grand Question
    Formulations
    1. Why didn't science arise in China? -- Falsified by Lu Gwei-djen's dad in 1930s & afterward
    2. Why didn't scientific method arise in China? -- somewhat justified by POV of Taoism
    3. Why didn't science and civilization recover as fast in the Ming dynasty (Needham calls Ming science 'decadent') (after the Mongols -- the Yuan dynasty) as in Europe of the same epoch
    4. Fara's version (p.54) of his answer to 'Needham problem': China's feudal society had not evolved mercantile capitalism, as was occurring in Europe at that time. NB: Needham 1995 SCC 7.2 was 94, having expended his life on the question. I find 7.2 to be a pale shadow of the volumes from 50 years earlier.
    5. Fara's restatement (p.54) of 'Needham problem': "How did European activities lead to the form of science that now dominates the entire world?"
      NB see the graphs in 7.2 which shows how soon China's science integrated with rest of world's science. Chinese medicine, in particular has not yet integrated, in Needham's graphs.
    Fara, Patricia (2009) Science : a four thousand year history Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-922689-4 pp.53-54. See entire chapter, "China", as well as Notes, and Sources --Ancheta Wis (talk) 19:43, 19 October 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Pre-modern Science

  • Ancient Near East
  • Greek world
  • India
  • China
  • Islamic world
  • Medieval Europe

Modern Science

  • Early Modern Europe
  • Modern Science (In text links to disciplinary histories)

Philosophy

  • The concept of natural law, and the nature of truth
  • Critique of the possibility of the above (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend)

Deductive science

  • Formal deduction
  • Limits of deduction (Russell, Godel)
  • Contemporary responses

Inductive science

  • Induction
  • Arguments against induction (Hume)
  • Positivism (Popper; Durkheim)
  • Constructivist approaches (Kuhn, Lakatos; ?Habermas, ?Foucault)
  • Anything that pops up in field review articles from the last 20 years of Philosophy of Science journals we haven't got

Scientific practice

Mathematics and formal sciences

  • Proof
  • Completeness
  • Internal consistency

Scientific method

Natural sciences

Life sciences

Experimental and observational social sciences

Observational social sciences

Mention political science, anthropology, archaeology, government (study), inguistics, international relations

Theory and Hypothesis
Testing
Experimental and Observational
Quantitative, Qualitative and Discursive

Research reporting and peer review

Scientific community

Branches and fields

Institutions

  • Learned societies
  • Research councils
  • Academic journals

Literature

Women in science

Science and society

Science policy

Pseudoscience, fringe science, and junk science

Science and Technology

Media perspectives

Politics and public perception of science