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===2010 – 2016 The [[BRIC]]s lead economic growth.===
===2010 – 2016 The [[BRIC]]s lead economic growth.===
At [[exchange rates]], the economic output of the world is expected to expand by US$27.5 trillion, €20 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are [[China]] at 19.4%, the [[United States]] at 15.1%, [[Russia]] at 6.4%, [[India]] at 4.5%, [[Brazil]] at 4.4%, [[Japan]] at 3.9%, the [[United Kingdom]] at 3.5%, [[Indonesia]] at 2.3%, [[France]] at 2.3%, and [[Germany]] at 2.2%.
At [[exchange rates]], the economic output of the world is expected to expand by US$28.7 trillion, €20 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are [[China]] at 20.6%, the [[United States]] at 13.0%, [[Russia]] at 5.6%, [[India]] at 4.9%, [[Japan]] at 4.6%, [[Brazil]] at 4.5%, the [[United Kingdom]] at 3.4%, [[France]] at 2.5%, [[Indonesia]] at 2.4%, and [[South Korea]] at 2.4%.


At [[purchasing power parity]], the economic output of 183 markets is expected to expand by US$31.3 trillion, €25 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are [[China]] at 28.4%, the [[United States]] at 13.3%, [[India]] at 9.7%, [[Russia]] at 2.9%, [[Brazil]] at 2.7%, [[Japan]] at 2.7%, [[Germany]] at 2.0%, [[Indonesia]] at 2.0%, [[South Korea]] at 1.8%, and the [[United Kingdom]] at 1.8%.
At [[purchasing power parity]], the economic output of 183 markets is expected to expand by US$29.1 trillion, €25 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are [[China]] at 29.4%, the [[United States]] at 12.8%, [[India]] at 9.8%, [[Russia]] at 2.8%, [[Brazil]] at 2.7%, [[Japan]] at 2.6%, [[Indonesia]] at 2.1%, [[Germany]] at 1.9%, [[South Korea]] at 1.8%, and [[Mexico]] at 1.8%.


==Statistical indicators==
==Statistical indicators==

Revision as of 16:17, 20 September 2011

Template loop detected: Template:World economy infobox

The world economy, or global economy, generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world's countries, national economies. Also global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economies – as economies of local societies, making the global one. It can be evaluated in various kind of ways. For instance, depending on the model used, the valuation that is arrived at can be represented in a certain currency, such as 2006 US dollars or 2005 euros.

It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of Earth, and is therefore somewhat of a misnomer, since, while definitions and representations of the "world economy" vary widely, they must at a minimum exclude any consideration of resources or value based outside of the Earth. For example, while attempts could be made to calculate the value of currently unexploited mining opportunities in unclaimed territory in Antarctica, the same opportunities on Mars would not be considered a part of the world economy—even if currently exploited in some way—and could be considered of latent value only in the same way as uncreated intellectual property, such as a previously unconceived invention.

Beyond the minimum standard of concerning value in production, use, and exchange on the planet Earth, definitions, representations, models, and valuations of the world economy vary widely.

It is common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity, and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind.

However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of this market into a single unit for the world economy, since exchange rates typically do not closely reflect worldwide value, for example in cases where the volume or price of transactions is closely regulated by the government.

Rather, market valuations in a local currency are typically translated to a single monetary unit using the idea of purchasing power. This is the method used below, which is used for estimating worldwide economic activity in terms of real US dollars or euros. However, the world economy can be evaluated and expressed in many more ways. It is unclear, for example, how many of the world's 6.8 billion people have most of their economic activity reflected in these valuations.

In 2011, the largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by nominal GDP are the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Italy. The largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by GDP (PPP) are the United States, China, Japan, India, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and France.

Economy – overview

1980 – 1990 - United States and Japan lead expansion

At exchange rates, the economic output of 112 markets expanded by $10.7 trillion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 28%, Japan at 19%, Germany at 7%, Italy at 6%, and France at 5%. The economic output of 34 markets contracted by $276.9 billion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Argentina at 24%, Saudi Arabia at 17%, Nigeria at 11%, Venezuela at 8%, and Vietnam at 8%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 145 markets expanded by $12.1 trillion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 25%, Japan at 11%, Germany at 6%, China at 5%, and France at 4%. The economic output of 2 markets contracted by $3.5 billion from 1980 to 1990. The two contributors to global output contraction are Lebanon at 70% and Libya at 30%.

1990 – 2000 - United States dominates expansion

At exchange rates, the economic output of 122 markets expanded by $10.7 trillion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 39%, Japan at 15%, China at 8%, the United Kingdom at 4%, and Mexico at 4%. The economic output of 29 markets contracted by $94.2 billion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Italy at 37%, Finland at 18%, Bulgaria at 9%, Algeria at 8%, and the Democratic Republic of Congo at 5%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 148 markets expanded by $16.9 trillion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 25%, China at 12%, Japan at 5%, India at 5%, and Germany at 4%. The economic output of 3 markets contracted by $17.8 billion from 1990 to 2000. The three contributors to global output contraction are Bulgaria at 64%, the Democratic Republic of Congo at 29% and Sierra Leone at 7%.

2000 – 2006 – United States still leads, but China is catching up

At exchange rates, the economic output of 176 markets expanded by $17.4 trillion from 2000 to 2006. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 20%, China at 9%, Germany at 6%, the United Kingdom at 6%, and France at 5%. The economic output of 4 markets contracted by $94.2 billion from 2000 to 2006. The three largest contributors to global output contraction are Japan at 80%, Argentina at 19%, and the Uruguay at 1%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 180 markets expanded by $19.2 trillion from 2000 to 2006. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 18%, China at 17%, India at 6%, Japan at 5%, and Russia at 4%.

2007 – China leads expansion

The economic output by nominal GDP of 183 markets expanded by $6.4 trillion during 2007. China accounted for 12% while the United States accounted for 10%, Germany accounted for 6%, and the United Kingdom accounted for 6% of the global output expansion.

2008 – credit crisis begins

The economic output of 171 markets expanded by $5.8 trillion during 2008. China accounted for one-sixth of the global output expansion. The economic output of 11 markets contracted by $267 billion during 2008. The United Kingdom accounted for one-half while South Korea accounted for two-fifth of the global output contraction. Though the crisis first affected most countries in 2008, it was not yet deep enough to reverse growth.

2009 – credit crisis spreads

At exchange rates, the economic output of 127 markets contracted by $4.1 trillion during 2009. The United Kingdom was the largest victim accounting for 12% while Russia accounted for 11% and Germany accounted for 8% of the global output contraction. The economic output of 56 markets expanded by $767.1 billion during 2009. China accounted for 61% while Japan accounted for 20% and Indonesia accounted for 4% of the global output expansion.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 79 markets contracted by $1.4 trillion during 2009. The United States was the largest victim accounting for 18% while Japan accounted for 17% and Russia accounted for 10% of the global output contraction. The economic output of 104 markets expanded by $1.5 trillion during 2009. China accounted for 56% while India accounted for 17% and Indonesia accounted for 3% of the global output expansion.

2010 – recovery

At exchange rates, the economic output of 148 markets expanded by $5.3 trillion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 17%, the United States at 10%, Brazil at 9%, Japan at 8%, and India at 5%. The economic output of 35 markets contracted by $338.5 billion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are France at 22%, Italy at 18%, Spain at 17%, Venezuela at 10%, and Germany at 7%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 169 markets expanded by $4.2 trillion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 25%, the United States at 13%, India at 10%, Japan at 5%, and Brazil at 4%. The economic output of 14 markets contracted by $17.8 billion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Greece at 67%, Venezuela at 19%, Romania at 5%, Haiti at 3%, and Croatia at 2%.

IMF's economic outlook for 2010 noted that banks faced a "wall" of maturing debt, which presents important risks for the normalization of credit conditions. There has been little progress in lengthening the maturity of their funding and, as a result, over $4 trillion in debt is due to be refinanced in the next 2 years.[1]`

2010 – 2016 The BRICs lead economic growth.

At exchange rates, the economic output of the world is expected to expand by US$28.7 trillion, €20 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 20.6%, the United States at 13.0%, Russia at 5.6%, India at 4.9%, Japan at 4.6%, Brazil at 4.5%, the United Kingdom at 3.4%, France at 2.5%, Indonesia at 2.4%, and South Korea at 2.4%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 183 markets is expected to expand by US$29.1 trillion, €25 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 29.4%, the United States at 12.8%, India at 9.8%, Russia at 2.8%, Brazil at 2.7%, Japan at 2.6%, Indonesia at 2.1%, Germany at 1.9%, South Korea at 1.8%, and Mexico at 1.8%.

Statistical indicators

Economy

  • GDP (GWP) (gross world product): (purchasing power parity exchange rates) – $59.38 trillion (2005 est.), $51.48 trillion (2004), $23 trillion (2002)
  • GDP (GWP) (gross world product):[2] (market exchange rates) – $60.69 trillion (2008)
  • GDP – real growth rate: 3.2% (2008), 3.1% p.a. (2000–07), 2.4% p.a. (1990–99), 3.1% p.a. (1980–89)
  • GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $9,300, €7,500 (2005 est.), $8,200, €6,800 (92) (2003), $7,900, €5,000 (2002)
  • World median income: purchasing power parity $1,041, €950 (1993)[3]
  • GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 4%; industry: 32%; services: 64% (2004 est.)
  • Inflation rate (consumer prices): developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries 5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation in several Third World countries (2003)
  • Derivatives outstanding notional amount: $273 trillion, €200 trillion (end of June 2004), $84 trillion, DM 75 trillion (end-June 1998) ([1])
  • Global debt issuance: $5.187 trillion, €3 trillion (2004), $4.938 trillion, €3.98 trillion (2003), $3.938 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)
  • Global equity issuance: $505 billion, €450 billion (2004), $388 billion. €320 billion (2003), $319 billion, €250 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)

Employment

World GDP per capita between 1500–2003
GDP increase, 1990–1998 and 1990–2006, in major countries.
  • Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2009 est.). 30% (2007 est.) combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment.

Industries

  • Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2002 est.)

Energy

  • Yearly electricity – production: 15,850,000 GWh (2003 est.), 14,850,000 GWh (2001 est.)
  • Yearly electricity – consumption: 14,280,000 GWh (2003 est.), 13,930,000 GWh (2001 est.)
  • Oil – production: 79,650,000 bbl/d (12,663,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 75,460,000 barrels per day (11,997,000 m3/d) (2001)
  • Oil – consumption: 80,100,000 bbl/d (12,730,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 76,210,000 barrels per day (12,116,000 m3/d) (2001)
  • Oil – proved reserves: 1.025 trillion barrel (163 km³) (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – production: 2,569 km³ (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – consumption: 2,556 km³ (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – proved reserves: 161,200 km³ (1 January 2002)

Cross-border

  • Yearly exports: $12.4 trillion, €8.75 trillion (2009 est.)
  • Exports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
  • Exports – partners: US 12.7%, Germany 7.1%, China 6.2%, France 4.4%, Japan 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008)
  • Yearly imports: $12.29 trillion, €9 trillion (2009 est.)
  • Imports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
  • Imports – partners: China 10.3%, Germany 8.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 5% (2008)
  • Debt – external: $56.9 trillion, €40 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gift economy

Communications

Telephones – main lines in use: 843,923,500 (2007)
4,263,367,600 (2008)

  • Telephones – mobile cellular: 3,300,000,000 (Nov. 2007)[4]
  • Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 10,350 (2000 est.)
  • Internet users: 1,311,050,595 (January 18, 2008 [2] est.), 1,091,730,861 (December 30, 2006 [3] est.), 604,111,719 (2002 est.)

Transport

Transportation infrastructure worldwide includes:

  • Airports
    • Total: 49,973 (2004)
  • Roadways (in kilometres)
    • Total: 32,345,165 km
    • Paved: 19,403,061 km
    • Unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
  • Railways

Military

  • Military expenditures – dollar figure: aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about $750 billion, about 1/2 of which was the United States (1999)
  • Military expenditures – percent of GDP: roughly 2% of gross world product (1999).

Economic Studies

To promote exports, many government agencies publish on the web economic studies by sector and country. Among these agencies include the USCS (US DoC) and FAS (USDA) in the United States, EDC and AAFC in Canada, Ubifrance in France, UKTI in the UK, HKTDC and JETRO in Asia, Austrade and NZTE in Oceania. Through Partnership Agreements, The Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies from several of these agencies (USCS, FAS, AAFC, UKTI, HKTDC), as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website GlobalTrade.net.

See also

Regional economies:

Events:

Lists:

References

  1. ^ p.11
  2. ^ IMF World Economic Outlook, Crisis and Recovery, April 2009
  3. ^ B. Milanovic (January 2002). "True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993: First Calculation Based on Household Surveys Alone" (PDF). Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  4. ^ global cellphone penetration reaches 50 percent

<

>

External links

The world economy, or global economy, generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world's countries, national economies. Also global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economies – as economies of local societies, making the global one. It can be evaluated in various kind of ways. For instance, depending on the model used, the valuation that is arrived at can be represented in a certain currency, such as 2006 US dollars or 2005 euros.

It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of Earth, and is therefore somewhat of a misnomer, since, while definitions and representations of the "world economy" vary widely, they must at a minimum exclude any consideration of resources or value based outside of the Earth. For example, while attempts could be made to calculate the value of currently unexploited mining opportunities in unclaimed territory in Antarctica, the same opportunities on Mars would not be considered a part of the world economy—even if currently exploited in some way—and could be considered of latent value only in the same way as uncreated intellectual property, such as a previously unconceived invention.

Beyond the minimum standard of concerning value in production, use, and exchange on the planet Earth, definitions, representations, models, and valuations of the world economy vary widely.

It is common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity, and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind.

However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of this market into a single unit for the world economy, since exchange rates typically do not closely reflect worldwide value, for example in cases where the volume or price of transactions is closely regulated by the government.

Rather, market valuations in a local currency are typically translated to a single monetary unit using the idea of purchasing power. This is the method used below, which is used for estimating worldwide economic activity in terms of real US dollars or euros. However, the world economy can be evaluated and expressed in many more ways. It is unclear, for example, how many of the world's 6.8 billion people have most of their economic activity reflected in these valuations.

In 2011, the largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by nominal GDP are the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Italy. The largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by GDP (PPP) are the United States, China, Japan, India, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and France.

Economy – overview

1980 – 1990 - United States and Japan lead expansion

At exchange rates, the economic output of 112 markets expanded by $10.7 trillion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 28%, Japan at 19%, Germany at 7%, Italy at 6%, and France at 5%. The economic output of 34 markets contracted by $276.9 billion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Argentina at 24%, Saudi Arabia at 17%, Nigeria at 11%, Venezuela at 8%, and Vietnam at 8%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 145 markets expanded by $12.1 trillion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 25%, Japan at 11%, Germany at 6%, China at 5%, and France at 4%. The economic output of 2 markets contracted by $3.5 billion from 1980 to 1990. The two contributors to global output contraction are Lebanon at 70% and Libya at 30%.

1990 – 2000 - United States dominates expansion

At exchange rates, the economic output of 122 markets expanded by $10.7 trillion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 39%, Japan at 15%, China at 8%, the United Kingdom at 4%, and Mexico at 4%. The economic output of 29 markets contracted by $94.2 billion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Italy at 37%, Finland at 18%, Bulgaria at 9%, Algeria at 8%, and the Democratic Republic of Congo at 5%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 148 markets expanded by $16.9 trillion from 1990 to 2000. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 25%, China at 12%, Japan at 5%, India at 5%, and Germany at 4%. The economic output of 3 markets contracted by $17.8 billion from 1990 to 2000. The three contributors to global output contraction are Bulgaria at 64%, the Democratic Republic of Congo at 29% and Sierra Leone at 7%.

2000 – 2006 – United States still leads, but China is catching up

At exchange rates, the economic output of 176 markets expanded by $17.4 trillion from 2000 to 2006. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 20%, China at 9%, Germany at 6%, the United Kingdom at 6%, and France at 5%. The economic output of 4 markets contracted by $94.2 billion from 2000 to 2006. The three largest contributors to global output contraction are Japan at 80%, Argentina at 19%, and the Uruguay at 1%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 180 markets expanded by $19.2 trillion from 2000 to 2006. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are the United States at 18%, China at 17%, India at 6%, Japan at 5%, and Russia at 4%.

2007 – China leads expansion

The economic output by nominal GDP of 183 markets expanded by $6.4 trillion during 2007. China accounted for 12% while the United States accounted for 10%, Germany accounted for 6%, and the United Kingdom accounted for 6% of the global output expansion.

2008 – credit crisis begins

The economic output of 171 markets expanded by $5.8 trillion during 2008. China accounted for one-sixth of the global output expansion. The economic output of 11 markets contracted by $267 billion during 2008. The United Kingdom accounted for one-half while South Korea accounted for two-fifth of the global output contraction. Though the crisis first affected most countries in 2008, it was not yet deep enough to reverse growth.

2009 – credit crisis spreads

At exchange rates, the economic output of 127 markets contracted by $4.1 trillion during 2009. The United Kingdom was the largest victim accounting for 12% while Russia accounted for 11% and Germany accounted for 8% of the global output contraction. The economic output of 56 markets expanded by $767.1 billion during 2009. China accounted for 61% while Japan accounted for 20% and Indonesia accounted for 4% of the global output expansion.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 79 markets contracted by $1.4 trillion during 2009. The United States was the largest victim accounting for 18% while Japan accounted for 17% and Russia accounted for 10% of the global output contraction. The economic output of 104 markets expanded by $1.5 trillion during 2009. China accounted for 56% while India accounted for 17% and Indonesia accounted for 3% of the global output expansion.

2010 – recovery

At exchange rates, the economic output of 148 markets expanded by $5.3 trillion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 17%, the United States at 10%, Brazil at 9%, Japan at 8%, and India at 5%. The economic output of 35 markets contracted by $338.5 billion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are France at 22%, Italy at 18%, Spain at 17%, Venezuela at 10%, and Germany at 7%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 169 markets expanded by $4.2 trillion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 25%, the United States at 13%, India at 10%, Japan at 5%, and Brazil at 4%. The economic output of 14 markets contracted by $17.8 billion during 2010. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Greece at 67%, Venezuela at 19%, Romania at 5%, Haiti at 3%, and Croatia at 2%.

IMF's economic outlook for 2010 noted that banks faced a "wall" of maturing debt, which presents important risks for the normalization of credit conditions. There has been little progress in lengthening the maturity of their funding and, as a result, over $4 trillion in debt is due to be refinanced in the next 2 years.[1]`

2010 – 2016 The BRICs lead economic growth.

At exchange rates, the economic output of the world is expected to expand by US$28.7 trillion, €20 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 20.6%, the United States at 13.0%, Russia at 5.6%, India at 4.9%, Japan at 4.6%, Brazil at 4.5%, the United Kingdom at 3.4%, France at 2.5%, Indonesia at 2.4%, and South Korea at 2.4%.

At purchasing power parity, the economic output of 183 markets is expected to expand by US$29.1 trillion, €25 trillion from 2010 to 2016. The ten largest contributors to global output expansion are China at 29.4%, the United States at 12.8%, India at 9.8%, Russia at 2.8%, Brazil at 2.7%, Japan at 2.6%, Indonesia at 2.1%, Germany at 1.9%, South Korea at 1.8%, and Mexico at 1.8%.

Statistical indicators

Economy

  • GDP (GWP) (gross world product): (purchasing power parity exchange rates) – $59.38 trillion (2005 est.), $51.48 trillion (2004), $23 trillion (2002)
  • GDP (GWP) (gross world product):[2] (market exchange rates) – $60.69 trillion (2008)
  • GDP – real growth rate: 3.2% (2008), 3.1% p.a. (2000–07), 2.4% p.a. (1990–99), 3.1% p.a. (1980–89)
  • GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $9,300, €7,500 (2005 est.), $8,200, €6,800 (92) (2003), $7,900, €5,000 (2002)
  • World median income: purchasing power parity $1,041, €950 (1993)[3]
  • GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 4%; industry: 32%; services: 64% (2004 est.)
  • Inflation rate (consumer prices): developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries 5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation in several Third World countries (2003)
  • Derivatives outstanding notional amount: $273 trillion, €200 trillion (end of June 2004), $84 trillion, DM 75 trillion (end-June 1998) ([4])
  • Global debt issuance: $5.187 trillion, €3 trillion (2004), $4.938 trillion, €3.98 trillion (2003), $3.938 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)
  • Global equity issuance: $505 billion, €450 billion (2004), $388 billion. €320 billion (2003), $319 billion, €250 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)

Employment

World GDP per capita between 1500–2003
GDP increase, 1990–1998 and 1990–2006, in major countries.
  • Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2009 est.). 30% (2007 est.) combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment.

Industries

  • Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2002 est.)

Energy

  • Yearly electricity – production: 15,850,000 GWh (2003 est.), 14,850,000 GWh (2001 est.)
  • Yearly electricity – consumption: 14,280,000 GWh (2003 est.), 13,930,000 GWh (2001 est.)
  • Oil – production: 79,650,000 bbl/d (12,663,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 75,460,000 barrels per day (11,997,000 m3/d) (2001)
  • Oil – consumption: 80,100,000 bbl/d (12,730,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 76,210,000 barrels per day (12,116,000 m3/d) (2001)
  • Oil – proved reserves: 1.025 trillion barrel (163 km³) (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – production: 2,569 km³ (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – consumption: 2,556 km³ (2001 est.)
  • Natural gas – proved reserves: 161,200 km³ (1 January 2002)

Cross-border

  • Yearly exports: $12.4 trillion, €8.75 trillion (2009 est.)
  • Exports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
  • Exports – partners: US 12.7%, Germany 7.1%, China 6.2%, France 4.4%, Japan 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008)
  • Yearly imports: $12.29 trillion, €9 trillion (2009 est.)
  • Imports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
  • Imports – partners: China 10.3%, Germany 8.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 5% (2008)
  • Debt – external: $56.9 trillion, €40 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gift economy

Communications

Telephones – main lines in use: 843,923,500 (2007)
4,263,367,600 (2008)

  • Telephones – mobile cellular: 3,300,000,000 (Nov. 2007)[4]
  • Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 10,350 (2000 est.)
  • Internet users: 1,311,050,595 (January 18, 2008 [5] est.), 1,091,730,861 (December 30, 2006 [6] est.), 604,111,719 (2002 est.)

Transport

Transportation infrastructure worldwide includes:

  • Airports
    • Total: 49,973 (2004)
  • Roadways (in kilometres)
    • Total: 32,345,165 km
    • Paved: 19,403,061 km
    • Unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
  • Railways

Military

  • Military expenditures – dollar figure: aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about $750 billion, about 1/2 of which was the United States (1999)
  • Military expenditures – percent of GDP: roughly 2% of gross world product (1999).

Economic Studies

To promote exports, many government agencies publish on the web economic studies by sector and country. Among these agencies include the USCS (US DoC) and FAS (USDA) in the United States, EDC and AAFC in Canada, Ubifrance in France, UKTI in the UK, HKTDC and JETRO in Asia, Austrade and NZTE in Oceania. Through Partnership Agreements, The Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies from several of these agencies (USCS, FAS, AAFC, UKTI, HKTDC), as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website GlobalTrade.net.

See also

Regional economies:

Events:

Lists:

References

  1. ^ p.11
  2. ^ IMF World Economic Outlook, Crisis and Recovery, April 2009
  3. ^ B. Milanovic (January 2002). "True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993: First Calculation Based on Household Surveys Alone" (PDF). Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  4. ^ global cellphone penetration reaches 50 percent

<

>

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_economy&oldid=451523485"