Corruption Perceptions Index

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map showing countries and territories according to the Corruption Perception Index, 2023, in ascending order:
  Score higher than 89
  Score equal to or between 80 and 89
  Score equal to or between 70 and 79
  Score equal to or between 60 and 69
  Score equal to or between 50 and 59
  Score equal to or between 40 and 49
  Score equal to or between 30 and 39
  Score equal to or between 20 and 29
  Score equal to or between 10 and 19
  Score less than 10
  Data unavailable

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector[1] corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys."[2] The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain".[3] The index is published annually by the non-governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995.[4]

The 2023 CPI, published in January 2024, currently ranks 180 countries "on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)" based on the situation between 1 May 2022 and 30 April 2023. Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, and Sweden are perceived as the least corrupt nations in the world, ranking consistently high among international financial transparency, while the most apparently corrupt are Syria, South Sudan, and Venezuela (scoring 13), as well as Somalia (scoring 11).[5]

Methods[edit]

Since 2012 CPI takes into account 13 different surveys and assessments[6] from 12 different institutions.[7] The institutions are:

Countries need to be evaluated by at least three sources to appear in the CPI.[8] The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption.[9] Transparency International commissioned the University of Passau's Johann Graf Lambsdorff to produce the CPI.[10] Early CPIs used public opinion surveys.[8]

Validity[edit]

A study published in 2002 found a "very strong significant correlation" between the Corruption Perceptions Index and two other proxies for corruption: black market activity and an overabundance of regulation.[11]

All three metrics also had a highly significant correlation with the real gross domestic product per capita (RGDP/Cap); the Corruption Perceptions Index correlation with RGDP/Cap was the strongest, explaining over three-quarters of the variance.[11] (Note that a lower rating on this scale reflects greater corruption so that countries with higher RGDPs generally had less corruption.)

Alex Cobham of the Center for Global Development reported in 2013 that "many of the staff and chapters" at Transparency International, the publisher of the Corruption Perceptions Index, "protest internally" over concerns about the index. The original creator of the index, Johann Graf Lambsdorff, withdrew from work on the index in 2009, stating "In 1995 I invented the Corruption Perceptions Index and have orchestrated it ever since, putting TI on the spotlight of international attention. In August 2009 I have informed Cobus de Swardt, managing director of TI, that I am no longer available for doing the Corruption Perceptions Index."[12]

Economic implications[edit]

Research papers published in 2007 and 2008 examined the economic consequences of corruption perception, as defined by the CPI. The researchers found a correlation between a higher CPI and higher long-term economic growth,[13] as well as an increase in GDP growth of 1.7% for every unit increase in a country's CPI score.[14] Also shown was a power-law dependence linking higher CPI score to higher rates of foreign investment in a country.

Assessments[edit]

The Index was methodologically criticized in the past,[15] i.e. questioned based on its methodology.

According to political scientist Dan Hough, three flaws in the Index include:[16]

  • Corruption is too complex a concept to be captured by a single score. For instance, the nature of corruption in rural Kansas will be different from that in the city administration of New York, yet the Index measures them in the same way.
  • By measuring perceptions of corruption, as opposed to corruption itself, the Index may simply be reinforcing existing stereotypes and cliches.
  • The Index only measures public sector corruption, ignoring the private sector. This, for instance, means the well-publicized Libor scandal, Odebrecht case and the VW emissions scandal are not counted as corrupt actions.

Media outlets frequently use the raw numbers as a yardstick for government performance, without clarifying what the numbers mean. The local Transparency International chapter in Bangladesh disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused the country's scores to increase; media reported it as an "improvement".[17]

In a 2013 article in Foreign Policy, Alex Cobham suggested that CPI should be dropped for the good of Transparency International. It argues that the CPI embeds a powerful and misleading elite bias in popular perceptions of corruption, potentially contributing to a vicious cycle and at the same time incentivizing inappropriate policy responses. Cobham writes, "the index corrupts perceptions to the extent that it's hard to see a justification for its continuing publication."[18]

Recent econometric analyses that have exploited the existence of natural experiments on the level of corruption and compared the CPI with other subjective indicators have found that, while not perfect, the CPI is argued to be broadly consistent with one-dimensional measures of corruption.[19]

In the United States, many lawyers advise international businesses to consult the CPI when attempting to measure the risk of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in different nations. This practice has been criticized by the Minnesota Journal of International Law, which wrote that since the CPI may be subject to perceptual biases it therefore should not be considered by lawyers to be a measure of actual national corruption risk.[20]

Transparency International also publishes the Global Corruption Barometer, which ranks countries by corruption levels using direct surveys instead of perceived expert opinions, which has been under criticism for substantial bias from the powerful elite.[18]

Transparency International has warned that a country with a clean CPI score may still be linked to corruption internationally. For example, while Sweden had the 3rd best CPI score in 2015, one of its state-owned companies, TeliaSonera, was facing allegations of bribery in Uzbekistan.[21]

Rankings[edit]

Legend:

Scores Perceived as less corrupt Perceived as more corrupt
99–90 89–80 79–70 69–60 59–50 49–40 39–30 29–20 19–10 9–0

2020–2023[edit]

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[22]

# Nation or Territory 2023[5] 2022[23] 2021[24] 2020[25]
Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i]
1  Denmark
90
Steady
90
Steady
88
Steady
88
Steady
2  Finland
87
Steady
87
Decrease 1
88
Increase 2
85
Steady
3  New Zealand
85
Decrease 1
87
Decrease 1
88
Steady
88
Steady
4  Norway
84
Steady
84
Steady
85
Increase 3
84
Steady
5  Singapore
83
Steady
83
Decrease 1
85
Decrease 1
85
Increase 1
6  Sweden
82
Decrease 1
83
Decrease 1
85
Decrease 1
85
Increase 1
6   Switzerland
82
Increase 1
82
Steady
84
Decrease 4
85
Increase 1
8  Netherlands
79
Steady
80
Steady
82
Steady
82
Steady
9  Germany
78
Steady
79
Increase 1
80
Decrease 1
80
Steady
9  Luxembourg
78
Increase 1
77
Decrease 1
81
Steady
80
Steady
11  Ireland
77
Decrease 1
77
Increase 3
74
Increase 7
72
Decrease 2
12  Canada
76
Increase 2
74
Decrease 1
75
Decrease 2
77
Increase 1
12  Estonia
76
Increase 2
74
Decrease 1
74
Increase 4
75
Increase 1
14  Australia
75
Decrease 1
75
Increase 5
73
Decrease 7
77
Increase 1
14  Hong Kong
75
Decrease 2
76
Steady
76
Decrease 1
77
Increase 5
16  Belgium
73
Increase 2
73
Steady
73
Decrease 3
76
Increase 2
16  Japan
73
Increase 2
73
Steady
73
Increase 1
74
Increase 1
16  Uruguay
73
Decrease 2
74
Increase 4
73
Increase 3
71
Steady
19  Iceland
72
Decrease 5
74
Decrease 1
74
Increase 4
75
Decrease 6
20  Austria
71
Increase 2
71
Decrease 9
74
Increase 2
76
Decrease 3
20  France
71
Increase 1
72
Increase 1
71
Increase 1
69
Steady
20  Seychelles
71
Increase 3
70
Steady
70
Increase 4
66
Steady
20  United Kingdom
71
Decrease 2
73
Decrease 7
78
Steady
77
Increase 1
24  Barbados
69
Increase 5
65
Steady
65
Steady
64
Increase 1
24  United States
69
Steady
69
Increase 3
67
Decrease 2
67
Decrease 2
26  Bhutan
68
Decrease 1
68
Steady
68
Decrease 1
68
Increase 1
26  United Arab Emirates
68
Increase 1
67
Decrease 3
69
Decrease 3
71
Steady
28  Taiwan
67
Decrease 3
68
Steady
68
Increase 3
65
Steady
29  Chile
66
Decrease 2
67
Steady
67
Decrease 2
67
Increase 1
30  Bahamas
64
Steady
64
Steady
64
Steady
63
Decrease 1
30  Cape Verde
64
Increase 5
60
Increase 4
58
Increase 2
58
Steady
32  South Korea
63
Decrease 1
63
Increase 1
62
Increase 1
61
Increase 6
33  Israel
62
Decrease 2
63
Increase 5
59
Decrease 1
60
Steady
34  Lithuania
61
Decrease 1
62
Increase 1
61
Increase 1
60
Steady
34  Portugal
61
Decrease 1
62
Decrease 1
62
Increase 1
61
Decrease 3
36  Latvia
60
Increase 3
59
Decrease 3
59
Increase 6
57
Increase 2
36  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
60
Decrease 1
60
Increase 1
59
Increase 4
59
Decrease 1
36  Spain
60
Decrease 1
60
Decrease 1
61
Decrease 2
62
Decrease 2
 Brunei Darussalam
60
Steady
39  Botswana
59
Decrease 4
60
Increase 10
55
Decrease 10
60
Decrease 1
40  Qatar
58
Steady
58
Decrease 9
63
Decrease 1
63
Steady
41  Czechia
57
Steady
56
Increase 8
54
Steady
54
Decrease 5
42  Dominica
56
Increase
55
Steady
55
Increase 3
55
Steady
42  Italy
56
Decrease 1
56
Increase 1
56
Increase 10
53
Decrease 1
42  Slovenia
56
Decrease 1
56
Steady
57
Decrease 6
60
Steady
45  Costa Rica
55
Increase 3
54
Decrease 9
58
Increase 3
57
Increase 2
45  Saint Lucia
55
Steady
55
Decrease 3
56
Increase 3
56
Increase 3
47  Poland
54
Decrease 2
55
Decrease 3
56
Increase 3
56
Decrease 4
47  Slovakia
54
Increase 2
53
Increase 7
52
Increase 4
49
Decrease 1
49  Cyprus
53
Increase 2
52
Increase 1
53
Decrease 10
57
Decrease 1
49  Georgia
53
Decrease 8
56
Increase 4
55
Steady
56
Decrease 1
49  Grenada
53
Increase 2
52
Increase 1
53
Steady
53
Decrease 1
49  Rwanda
53
Increase 5
51
Decrease 2
53
Decrease 3
54
Increase 2
53  Fiji
52
Decrease 4
53
Decrease 4
55
Increase 10
53  Saudi Arabia
52
Increase 1
51
Decrease 2
53
Steady
53
Decrease 1
55  Malta
51
Decrease 1
51
Decrease 5
54
Increase 3
53
Decrease 2
55  Mauritius
51
Increase 2
50
Decrease 8
54
Increase 3
53
Increase 4
57  Croatia
50
Steady
50
Increase 6
47
Steady
47
Steady
57  Malaysia
50
Increase 4
47
Increase 1
48
Decrease 5
51
Decrease 6
59  Greece
49
Decrease 8
52
Increase 7
49
Increase 1
50
Increase 1
59  Namibia
49
Steady
49
Decrease 1
49
Decrease 1
51
Decrease 1
61  Vanuatu
48
Decrease 1
48
Increase 6
45
Increase 9
43
Decrease 11
62  Armenia
47
Increase 1
46
Decrease 5
49
Increase 2
49
Increase 17
63  Kuwait
46
Increase 14
42
Decrease 4
43
Increase 5
42
Increase 7
63  Jordan
46
Decrease 2
47
Decrease 3
49
Increase 2
49
Steady
63  Montenegro
46
Increase 2
45
Decrease 1
46
Increase 3
45
Decrease 1
63  Romania
46
Steady
46
Increase 3
45
Increase 3
44
Increase 1
67  Bulgaria
45
Increase 5
43
Increase 6
42
Decrease 9
44
Increase 5
67  São Tomé and Príncipe
45
Decrease 2
45
Increase 1
45
Decrease 3
47
Increase 1
69  Jamaica
44
Steady
44
Increase 1
44
Decrease 1
44
Increase 5
70  Ghana
43
Increase 2
43
Increase 1
43
Increase 2
43
Increase 5
70  Benin
43
Increase 2
43
Increase 6
42
Increase 5
41
Decrease 3
70  Oman
43
Decrease 1
44
Decrease 13
52
Decrease 7
54
Increase 7
70  Senegal
43
Increase 2
43
Increase 1
43
Decrease 6
45
Decrease 1
70  Solomon Islands
43
Increase 7
42
Decrease 4
43
Increase 5
42
Decrease 1
70  Timor-Leste
43
Increase 7
42
Increase 5
41
Increase 4
40
Increase 7
76  Bahrain
42
Decrease 7
44
Increase 9
42
Steady
42
Decrease 1
76  China
42
Decrease 11
45
Increase 1
45
Increase 12
42
Increase 2
76  Cuba
42
Decrease 11
45
Decrease 1
46
Decrease 1
47
Decrease 3
76  Hungary
42
Increase 1
42
Decrease 4
43
Decrease 4
44
Increase 1
76  Moldova
42
Increase 15
39
Increase 14
36
Increase 10
34
Increase 5
76  North Macedonia
42
Increase 9
40
Increase 2
39
Increase 24
35
Decrease 5
76  Trinidad and Tobago
42
Increase 1
42
Increase 5
41
Increase 4
40
Decrease 1
83  Burkina Faso
41
Decrease 6
42
Increase 1
42
Increase 8
40
Decrease 1
83  Kosovo
41
Increase 1
41
Increase 3
39
Increase 17
36
Decrease 3
83  South Africa
41
Decrease 11
43
Decrease 2
44
Decrease 1
44
Increase 1
83  Vietnam
41
Decrease 6
42
Increase 10
39
Increase 17
36
Decrease 8
87  Colombia
40
Increase 4
39
Decrease 4
39
Increase 5
39
Increase 4
87  Guyana
40
Decrease 2
40
Increase 2
39
Decrease 4
41
Increase 2
87  Ivory Coast
40
Increase 12
37
Increase 6
36
Decrease 1
36
Increase 2
87  Suriname
40
Decrease 2
40
Increase 2
39
Increase 7
38
Decrease 24
87  Tanzania
40
Increase 7
38
Decrease 7
39
Increase 7
38
Increase 2
87  Tunisia
40
Decrease 2
40
Decrease 15
44
Decrease 1
44
Increase 5
93  Kazakhstan
39
Increase 8
36
Increase 1
37
Decrease 8
38
Increase 19
93  India
39
Decrease 8
40
Steady
40
Increase 1
40
Decrease 6
93  Lesotho
39
Increase 6
37
Decrease 3
38
Decrease 13
41
Increase 2
93  Maldives
39
Decrease 8
40
Steady
40
Decrease 10
43
Increase 55
97  Morocco
38
Decrease 3
38
Decrease 7
39
Decrease 1
40
Decrease 6
98  Argentina
37
Decrease 4
38
Increase 2
38
Decrease 18
42
Decrease 12
98  Albania
37
Increase 3
36
Increase 9
35
Decrease 6
36
Increase 2
98  Belarus
37
Decrease 7
39
Decrease 9
41
Decrease 19
47
Increase 3
98  Ethiopia
37
Decrease 4
38
Decrease 7
39
Increase 7
38
Increase 2
98  Gambia
37
Increase 12
34
Decrease 8
37
Steady
37
Decrease 6
98  Zambia
37
Increase 18
33
Increase 1
33
Steady
33
Decrease 4
104  Algeria
36
Increase 12
33
Increase 1
33
Decrease 13
36
Increase 2
104  Brazil
36
Decrease 10
38
Increase 2
38
Decrease 2
38
Increase 12
104  Serbia
36
Decrease 3
36
Decrease 5
38
Decrease 2
38
Decrease 3
104  Ukraine
36
Increase 12
33
Increase 6
32
Decrease 5
33
Increase 9
108  Bosnia and Herzegovina
35
Increase 2
34
Steady
35
Increase 1
35
Decrease 10
108  Dominican Republic
35
Increase 15
32
Increase 5
30
Increase 9
28
Steady
108  Egypt
35
Increase 22
30
Decrease 13
33
Steady
33
Decrease 11
108    Nepal
35
Increase 2
34
Increase 7
33
Steady
33
Decrease 4
108  Panama
35
Decrease 7
36
Increase 4
36
Increase 6
35
Decrease 10
108  Sierra Leone
35
Increase 2
34
Increase 5
34
Increase 2
33
Increase 2
108  Thailand
35
Decrease 7
36
Increase 9
35
Decrease 6
36
Decrease 3
115  Ecuador
34
Decrease 14
36
Increase 4
36
Decrease 13
39
Increase 1
115  Indonesia
34
Decrease 5
34
Decrease 14
38
Increase 6
37
Decrease 17
115  Malawi
34
Decrease 5
34
Steady
35
Increase 19
30
Decrease 6
115  Philippines
34
Increase 1
33
Increase 1
33
Decrease 2
34
Decrease 2
115  Sri Lanka
34
Decrease 14
36
Increase 1
37
Decrease 8
38
Decrease 1
115  Turkey
34
Decrease 14
36
Decrease 5
38
Decrease 10
40
Increase 5
121  Angola
33
Decrease 5
33
Increase 20
29
Increase 6
27
Increase 4
121  Mongolia
33
Decrease 5
33
Decrease 6
35
Increase 1
35
Decrease 5
121  Peru
33
Decrease 20
36
Increase 4
36
Decrease 11
38
Increase 7
121  Uzbekistan
33
Increase 5
31
Increase 14
28
Increase 6
26
Increase 7
125  Niger
32
Decrease 2
32
Increase 1
31
Decrease 1
32
Decrease 3
126  El Salvador
31
Decrease 10
33
Decrease 1
34
Decrease 11
36
Increase 9
126  Kenya
31
Decrease 3
32
Increase 5
30
Decrease 4
31
Increase 13
126  Mexico
31
Steady
31
Decrease 2
31
Steady
31
Increase 6
126  Togo
31
Increase 4
30
Decrease 2
30
Increase 6
29
Decrease 4
130  Djibouti
30
Steady
30
Decrease 2
30
Increase 14
27
Decrease 16
130  Eswatini
30
Steady
30
Decrease 8
32
Decrease 5
33
Decrease 4
130  Mauritania
30
Steady
30
Increase 10
28
Decrease 6
29
Increase 3
133  Bolivia
29
Decrease 7
31
Increase 2
30
Decrease 4
31
Decrease 1
133  Pakistan
29
Increase 7
27
Steady
28
Decrease 16
31
Decrease 4
133  Papua New Guinea
29
Decrease 3
30
Decrease 6
31
Increase 18
27
Decrease 5
136  Gabon
28
Steady
29
Decrease 12
31
Increase 5
30
Decrease 6
136  Laos
28
Decrease 10
31
Increase 2
30
Increase 6
29
Decrease 4
136  Mali
28
Increase 1
28
Decrease 1
29
Decrease 7
30
Increase 1
136  Paraguay
28
Increase 1
28
Decrease 9
30
Increase 9
28
Steady
140  Cameroon
27
Increase 2
26
Increase 2
27
Increase 5
25
Increase 4
141  Guinea
26
Increase 6
25
Increase 3
25
Decrease 13
28
Decrease 7
141  Kyrgyzstan
26
Decrease 1
27
Increase 4
27
Decrease 20
31
Increase 2
141  Russia
26
Decrease 4
28
Decrease 1
29
Decrease 7
30
Increase 8
141  Uganda
26
Increase 1
26
Increase 2
27
Decrease 2
27
Decrease 5
145  Liberia
25
Decrease 3
26
Decrease 6
29
Increase 1
28
Steady
145  Madagascar
25
Decrease 3
26
Increase 5
26
Increase 2
25
Increase 9
145  Mozambique
25
Decrease 3
26
Increase 5
26
Increase 2
25
Decrease 3
145  Nigeria
25
Increase 5
24
Increase 4
24
Decrease 5
25
Decrease 3
149  Bangladesh
24
Decrease 2
25
Steady
26
Decrease 1
26
Steady
149  Central African Republic
24
Increase 1
24
Increase 4
24
Decrease 8
26
Increase 7
149  Iran
24
Decrease 2
25
Increase 3
25
Decrease 1
25
Decrease 3
149  Lebanon
24
Increase 1
24
Increase 4
24
Decrease 5
25
Decrease 12
149  Zimbabwe
24
Increase 8
23
Steady
23
Steady
24
Increase 1
154  Azerbaijan
23
Increase 3
23
Decrease 29
30
Increase 1
30
Decrease 3
154  Guatemala
23
Decrease 4
24
Steady
25
Decrease 1
25
Decrease 3
154  Honduras
23
Increase 3
23
Steady
23
Steady
24
Decrease 11
154  Iraq
23
Increase 3
23
Steady
23
Increase 3
21
Increase 2
158  Cambodia
22
Decrease 8
24
Increase 7
23
Increase 3
21
Increase 2
158  Congo
22
Increase 6
21
Decrease 2
21
Increase 3
19
Steady
158  Guinea-Bissau
22
Increase 6
21
Decrease 2
21
Increase 3
19
Increase 3
161  Eritrea
21
Increase 1
22
Decrease 1
22
Decrease 1
21
Steady
162  Afghanistan
20
Decrease 12
24
Increase 24
16
Decrease 9
19
Increase 8
162  Burundi
20
Increase 9
17
Decrease 2
19
Decrease 4
19
Steady
162  Chad
20
Increase 5
19
Decrease 3
20
Decrease 4
21
Increase 2
162  Comoros
20
Increase 5
19
Decrease 3
20
Decrease 4
21
Decrease 7
162  Democratic Republic of the Congo
20
Increase 4
20
Increase 3
19
Increase 1
18
Decrease 2
162  Myanmar
20
Decrease 5
23
Decrease 17
28
Decrease 3
28
Decrease 7
162  Sudan
20
Steady
22
Increase 2
20
Increase 10
16
Decrease 1
162  Tajikistan
20
Decrease 12
24
Steady
25
Decrease 1
25
Increase 4
170  Libya
18
Increase 1
17
Increase 1
17
Increase 1
17
Decrease 5
170  Turkmenistan
18
Decrease 3
19
Increase 2
19
Decrease 4
19
Steady
172  Equatorial Guinea
17
Decrease 1
17
Increase 1
17
Increase 2
16
Decrease 1
172  Haiti
17
Decrease 1
17
Decrease 7
20
Increase 6
18
Decrease 2
172  Nicaragua
17
Decrease 5
19
Decrease 3
20
Decrease 5
22
Increase 2
172  North Korea
17
Decrease 1
17
Increase 3
16
Decrease 4
18
Increase 2
176  Yemen
16
Steady
16
Decrease 2
16
Increase 2
15
Increase 1
177  Venezuela
13
Steady
14
Steady
14
Decrease 1
15
Decrease 3
177  South Sudan
13
Increase 1
13
Increase 2
11
Decrease 1
12
Steady
177  Syria
13
Increase 1
13
Steady
13
Steady
14
Steady
180  Somalia
11
Steady
12
Decrease 2
13
Increase 1
12
Increase 1


2010–2019[edit]

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[22]

# Nation or Territory 2019[26] 2018[27] 2017[28] 2016[29] 2015[30] 2014[31] 2013[32] 2012[33] 2011[34] 2010[35]
Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i]
1  New Zealand
87
Steady
87
Decrease 2
89
Decrease 1
90
Decrease 1
91
Steady
91
Steady
91
Increase 1
90
1  Denmark
87
Decrease 1
88
Steady
88
Decrease 2
90
Decrease 1
91
Decrease 1
92
Increase 1
91
Increase 1
90
3  Finland
86
Increase 1
85
Steady
85
Decrease 4
89
Decrease 1
90
Increase 1
89
Steady
89
Decrease 1
90
4  Sweden
85
Steady
85
Increase 1
84
Decrease 4
88
Decrease 1
89
Increase 2
87
Decrease 2
89
Increase 1
88
4  Singapore
85
Steady
85
Increase 1
84
Steady
84
Decrease 1
85
Increase 1
84
Decrease 2
86
Decrease 1
87
4   Switzerland
85
Steady
85
Steady
85
Decrease 1
86
Steady
86
Steady
86
Increase 1
85
Decrease 1
86
7  Norway
84
Steady
84
Decrease 1
85
Steady
85
Decrease 2
87
Increase 1
86
Steady
86
Increase 1
85
8  Netherlands
82
Steady
82
Steady
82
Decrease 1
83
Decrease 4
87
Increase 4
83
Steady
83
Decrease 1
84
9  Germany
80
Steady
80
Decrease 1
81
Steady
81
Steady
81
Increase 2
79
Increase 1
78
Decrease 1
79
9  Luxembourg
80
Decrease 1
81
Decrease 1
82
Increase 1
81
Steady
81
Decrease 1
82
Increase 2
80
Steady
80
11  Iceland
78
Increase 2
76
Decrease 1
77
Decrease 1
78
Decrease 1
79
Steady
79
Increase 1
78
Decrease 4
82
12  United Kingdom
77
Decrease 3
80
Decrease 2
82
Increase 1
81
Steady
81
Increase 3
78
Increase 2
76
Increase 2
74
12  Canada
77
Decrease 4
81
Decrease 1
82
Steady
82
Decrease 1
83
Increase 2
81
Steady
81
Decrease 3
84
12  Austria
77
Increase 1
76
Increase 1
75
Steady
75
Decrease 1
76
Increase 4
72
Increase 3
69
Steady
69
12  Australia
77
Steady
77
Steady
77
Decrease 2
79
Steady
79
Decrease 1
80
Decrease 1
81
Decrease 4
85
16  Hong Kong
76
Steady
76
Decrease 1
77
Steady
77
Increase 2
75
Increase 1
74
Decrease 1
75
Decrease 2
77
17  Belgium
75
Steady
75
Steady
75
Decrease 2
77
Steady
77
Increase 1
76
Increase 1
75
Steady
75
18  Estonia
74
Increase 1
73
Increase 2
71
Increase 1
70
Steady
70
Increase 1
69
Increase 1
68
Increase 4
64
18  Ireland
74
Increase 1
73
Decrease 1
74
Increase 1
73
Decrease 2
75
Increase 1
74
Increase 2
72
Increase 3
69
20  Japan
73
Steady
73
Steady
73
Increase 1
72
Decrease 3
75
Decrease 1
76
Increase 2
74
Steady
74
21  United Arab Emirates
71
Increase 1
70
Decrease 1
71
Increase 5
66
Decrease 4
70
Steady
70
Increase 1
69
Increase 1
68
21  Uruguay
71
Increase 1
70
Steady
70
Decrease 1
71
Decrease 3
74
Increase 1
73
Steady
73
Increase 1
72
23  United States
69
Decrease 2
71
Decrease 4
75
Increase 1
74
Decrease 2
76
Increase 2
74
Increase 1
73
Steady
73
23  France
69
Decrease 3
72
Increase 2
70
Increase 1
69
Decrease 1
70
Increase 1
69
Decrease 2
71
Steady
71
25  Bhutan
68
Steady
68
Increase 1
67
Increase 2
65
Steady
65
Steady
65
Increase 2
63
Steady
63
26  Chile
67
Steady
67
Steady
67
Increase 1
66
Decrease 4
70
Decrease 3
73
Increase 2
71
Decrease 1
72
27  Seychelles
66
Steady
66
Increase 6
60
Increase 5 Steady
55
Steady
55
Increase 1
54
Increase 2
52
28  Taiwan
65
Increase 2
63
Steady
63
Increase 2
61
Decrease 1
62
Increase 1
61
Steady
61
Steady
61
29  Bahamas
64
Decrease 1
65
Steady
65
Decrease 1
66
Steady Steady
71
Steady
71
Steady
71
30  Barbados
62
Decrease 6
68
Steady
68
Increase 7
61
Steady Steady
74
Decrease 1
75
Decrease 1
76
30  Portugal
62
Decrease 2
64
Increase 1
63
Increase 1
62
Decrease 1
63
Steady
63
Increase 1
62
Decrease 1
63
30  Spain
62
Increase 4
58
Increase 1
57
Decrease 1
58
Steady
58
Decrease 2
60
Increase 1
59
Decrease 6
65
30  Qatar
62
Steady
62
Decrease 1
63
Increase 2
61
Decrease 10
71
Increase 2
69
Increase 1
68
Steady
68
34  Botswana
61
Steady
61
Steady
61
Increase 1
60
Decrease 3
63
Steady
63
Increase 1
64
Decrease 1
65
35  Brunei Darussalam
60
Decrease 3
63
Increase 1
62
Increase 4
58
Steady Steady Steady
60
Increase 5
55
35  Lithuania
60
Increase 1
59
Steady
59
Steady
59
Decrease 2
61
Increase 3
58
Increase 1
57
Increase 3
54
35  Israel
60
Decrease 1
61
Decrease 1
62
Decrease 2
64
Increase 3
61
Increase 1
60
Decrease 1
61
Increase 1
60
35  Slovenia
60
Steady
60
Decrease 1
61
Steady
61
Increase 1
60
Increase 2
58
Increase 1
57
Decrease 4
61
39  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
59
Increase 1
58
Steady
58
Decrease 2
60
Steady Steady
67
Increase 5
62
Steady
62
39  South Korea
59
Increase 2
57
Increase 3
54
Increase 1
53
Decrease 3
56
Increase 1
55
Steady
55
Decrease 1
56
41  Cape Verde
58
Increase 1
57
Increase 2
55
Decrease 4
59
Increase 4
55
Decrease 2
57
Decrease 1
58
Decrease 2
60
41  Poland
58
Decrease 2
60
Steady
60
Decrease 2
62
Steady
62
Increase 1
61
Increase 1
60
Increase 2
58
41  Cyprus
58
Decrease 1
59
Increase 2
57
Increase 2
55
Decrease 6
61
Decrease 2
63
Steady
63
Decrease 3
66
44  Costa Rica
56
Steady
56
Decrease 3
59
Increase 1
58
Increase 3
55
Increase 1
54
Increase 1
53
Decrease 1
54
44  Georgia
56
Decrease 2
58
Increase 2
56
Decrease 1
57
Increase 5
52
Steady
52
Increase 3
49
Decrease 3
52
44  Latvia
56
Decrease 2
58
Steady
58
Increase 1
57
Increase 2
55
Steady
55
Increase 2
53
Increase 4
49
44  Czech Republic
56
Decrease 3
59
Increase 2
57
Increase 2
55
Decrease 1
56
Increase 5
51
Increase 3
48
Decrease 1
49
48  Saint Lucia
55
Steady
55
Steady
55
Decrease 5
60
Steady Steady Steady
71
Steady
71
48  Dominica
55
Decrease 2
57
Steady
57
Decrease 2
59
Steady Steady
58
Steady
58
Steady
58
50  Malta
54
Steady
54
Decrease 2
56
Increase 1
55
Decrease 1
56
Increase 1
55
Decrease 1
56
Decrease 1
57
51  Malaysia
53
Increase 6
47
Steady
47
Decrease 2
49
Decrease 1
50
Decrease 2
52
Increase 2
50
Increase 1
49
51  Grenada
53
Increase 1
52
Steady
52
Decrease 4
56
Steady Steady Steady Steady
51  Rwanda
53
Decrease 3
56
Increase 1
55
Increase 1
54
Steady
54
Increase 5
49
Decrease 4
53
Steady
53
51  Saudi Arabia
53
Increase 4
49
Steady
49
Increase 3
46
Decrease 6
52
Increase 3
49
Increase 3
46
Increase 2
44
51  Italy
53
Increase 1
52
Increase 2
50
Increase 3
47
Increase 3
44
Increase 1
43
Steady
43
Increase 1
42
56  Oman
52
Steady
52
Increase 8
44
Decrease 1
45
Steady
45
Steady
45
Decrease 2
47
Steady
47
56  Namibia
52
Decrease 1
53
Increase 2
51
Decrease 1
52
Decrease 1
53
Increase 4
49
Increase 1
48
Steady
48
56  Mauritius
52
Increase 1
51
Increase 1
50
Decrease 4
54
Increase 1
53
Decrease 1
54
Increase 2
52
Decrease 5
57
59  Slovakia
50
Steady
50
Steady
50
Decrease 1
51
Steady
51
Increase 1
50
Increase 3
47
Increase 1
46
60  Jordan
48
Decrease 1
49
Increase 1
48
Steady
48
Decrease 5
53
Increase 4
49
Increase 4
45
Decrease 3
48
60  Greece
48
Increase 3
45
Decrease 3
48
Increase 4
44
Decrease 2
46
Increase 3
43
Increase 3
40
Increase 4
36
60  Cuba
48
Increase 1
47
Steady
47
Steady
47
Steady
47
Increase 1
46
Steady
46
Decrease 2
48
63  Croatia
47
Decrease 1
48
Decrease 1
49
Steady
49
Decrease 2
51
Increase 3
48
Steady
48
Increase 2
46
64  São Tomé and Príncipe
46
Steady
46
Steady
46
Steady
46
Increase 4
42
Steady
42
Steady
42
Steady
42
64  Vanuatu
46
Steady
46
Decrease 3
43
Steady Steady Steady Steady Steady
66  Argentina
45
Increase 5
40
Increase 1
39
Increase 3
36
Increase 4
32
Decrease 2
34
Steady
34
Decrease 1
35
66  Montenegro
45
Steady
45
Decrease 1
46
Increase 1
45
Increase 1
44
Increase 2
42
Decrease 2
44
Increase 3
41
66  Senegal
45
Steady
45
Steady
45
Steady
45
Increase 1
44
Increase 1
43
Increase 2
41
Increase 5
36
66  Belarus
45
Increase 1
44
Steady
44
Increase 4
40
Increase 8
32
Increase 1
31
Increase 2
29
Decrease 2
31
70  Hungary
44
Decrease 2
46
Increase 1
45
Decrease 3
48
Decrease 3
51
Decrease 3
54
Steady
54
Decrease 1
55
70  South Africa
44
Increase 1
43
Steady
43
Decrease 2
45
Increase 1
44
Steady
44
Increase 2
42
Decrease 1
43
70  Romania
44
Decrease 3
47
Decrease 1
48
Steady
48
Increase 2
46
Increase 3
43
Steady
43
Decrease 1
44
Increase 8
70  Suriname
44
Increase 1
43
Increase 2
41
Decrease 4
45
Increase 9
36
Steady
36
Steady
36
Decrease 1
37
74  Jamaica
43
Decrease 1
44
Steady
44
Increase 5
39
Decrease 2
41
Increase 3
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
74  Tunisia
43
Steady
43
Increase 1
42
Increase 1
41
Increase 3
38
Decrease 2
40
Decrease 1
41
Steady
41
74  Bulgaria
43
Increase 1
42
Decrease 1
43
Increase 2
41
Steady
41
Decrease 2
43
Increase 2
41
Steady
41
77  Bahrain
42
Increase 6
36
Steady
36
Decrease 7
43
Decrease 8
51
Increase 2
49
Increase 1
48
Decrease 3
51
77  Solomon Islands
42
Decrease 2
44
Increase 5
39
Decrease 3
42
Steady Steady Steady Steady
77  Armenia
42
Increase 7
35
Steady
35
Increase 2
33
Decrease 2
35
Decrease 2
37
Increase 1
36
Increase 2
34
80  Ghana
41
Steady
41
Increase 1
40
Decrease 3
43
Decrease 4
47
Decrease 1
48
Increase 2
46
Increase 1
45
80  Morocco
41
Decrease 2
43
Increase 3
40
Increase 3
37
Increase 1
36
Decrease 3
39
Increase 2
37
Steady
37
80  India
41
Steady
41
Increase 1
40
Steady
40
Increase 2
38
Steady
38
Increase 2
36
Steady
36
80  China
41
Increase 2
39
Decrease 2
41
Increase 1
40
Increase 3
37
Increase 1
36
Decrease 4
40
Increase 1
39
80  Benin
41
Increase 1
40
Increase 1
39
Increase 3
36
Decrease 1
37
Decrease 2
39
Increase 3
36
Steady
36
85  Guyana
40
Increase 3
37
Decrease 1
38
Increase 4
34
Increase 5
29
Decrease 1
30
Increase 3
27
Decrease 1
28
85  Trinidad and Tobago
40
Decrease 1
41
Steady
41
Increase 6
35
Decrease 4
39
Increase 1
38
Steady
38
Decrease 1
39
85  Indonesia
40
Increase 2
38
Increase 1
37
Steady
37
Increase 1
36
Increase 2
34
Increase 2
32
Steady
32
85  Burkina Faso
40
Decrease 1
41
Decrease 1
42
Steady
42
Increase 4
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
85  Lesotho
40
Decrease 1
41
Decrease 1
42
Increase 3
39
Decrease 5
44
Decrease 5
49
Steady
49
Increase 4
45
85  Kuwait
40
Decrease 1
41
Increase 2
39
Decrease 2
41
Decrease 8
49
Increase 5
44
Increase 1
43
Decrease 1
44
91  Serbia
39
Steady
39
Decrease 2
41
Decrease 1
42
Increase 2
40
Decrease 1
41
Decrease 1
42
Increase 3
39
91  Turkey
39
Decrease 2
41
Increase 1
40
Decrease 1
41
Decrease 1
42
Decrease 3
45
Decrease 5
50
Increase 1
49
93  Sri Lanka
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
Increase 2
36
Decrease 1
37
Decrease 1
38
Increase 1
37
Decrease 3
40
93  Ecuador
38
Increase 4
34
Increase 2
32
Increase 1
31
Decrease 1
32
Decrease 1
33
Decrease 2
35
Increase 3
32
93  Timor-Leste
38
Increase 3
35
Decrease 3
38
Increase 3
35
Increase 7
28
Steady
28
Decrease 2
30
Decrease 3
33
96  Ethiopia
37
Increase 3
34
Decrease 1
35
Increase 1
34
Increase 1
33
Steady
33
Steady
33
Steady
33
96  Vietnam
37
Increase 4
33
Decrease 2
35
Increase 2
33
Increase 2
31
Steady
31
Steady
31
Steady
31
96  Gambia
37
Steady
37
Increase 7
30
Increase 4
26
Decrease 2
28
Decrease 1
29
Increase 1
28
Decrease 6
34
96  Colombia
37
Increase 1
36
Decrease 1
37
Steady
37
Steady
37
Steady
37
Increase 1
36
Steady
36
96  Tanzania
37
Increase
36
Steady
36
Increase 4
32
Increase 2
30
Decrease 1
31
Decrease 2
33
Decrease 2
35
101  Kosovo
36
Decrease 1
37
Decrease 2
39
Increase 3
36
Increase 3
33
Steady
33
Steady
33
Decrease 1
34
101  Thailand
36
Steady
36
Decrease 1
37
Increase 2
35
Decrease 3
38
Steady
38
Increase 3
35
Decrease 2
37
101  Peru
36
Increase 1
35
Decrease 2
37
Increase 2
35
Decrease 1
36
Decrease 2
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
101  Panama
36
Decrease 1
37
Steady
37
Decrease 1
38
Decrease 1
39
Increase 2
37
Increase 2
35
Decrease 3
38
101  Bosnia and Herzegovina
36
Decrease 2
38
Steady
38
Decrease 1
39
Increase 1
38
Decrease 1
39
Decrease 3
42
Steady
42
106  Brazil
35
Steady
35
Decrease 2
37
Decrease 3
40
Increase 2
38
Decrease 5
43
Increase 1
42
Decrease 1
43
106  Mongolia
35
Decrease 2
37
Increase 1
36
Decrease 2
38
Decrease 1
39
Steady
39
Increase 1
38
Increase 2
36
106  Albania
35
Decrease 1
36
Decrease 2
38
Decrease 1
39
Increase 3
36
Increase 3
33
Increase 2
31
Decrease 2
33
106  Egypt
35
Steady
35
Increase 3
32
Decrease 2
34
Decrease 2
36
Decrease 1
37
Increase 5
32
Steady
32
106  Algeria
35
Steady
35
Increase 2
33
Decrease 1
34
Decrease 2
36
Steady
36
Steady
36
Increase 2
34
106  Ivory Coast
35
Steady
35
Decrease 1
36
Increase 2
34
Increase 2
32
Steady
32
Increase 5
27
Decrease 2
29
106  North Macedonia
35
Decrease 2
37
Increase 2
35
Decrease 2
37
Decrease 5
42
Decrease 3
45
Increase 1
44
Increase 1
43
113  Kazakhstan
34
Increase 3
31
Steady
31
Increase 2
29
Increase 1
28
Decrease 1
29
Increase 3
26
Decrease 2
28
113    Nepal
34
Increase 3
31
Steady
31
Increase 2
29
Increase 2
27
Decrease 2
29
Decrease 2
31
Increase 4
27
113  Philippines
34
Decrease 2
36
Increase 2
34
Decrease 1
35
Steady
35
Decrease 3
38
Increase 2
36
Increase 2
34
113  Zambia
34
Decrease 1
35
Decrease 2
37
Decrease 1
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
Steady
38
Increase 1
37
113  Eswatini
34
Decrease 4
38
Decrease 1
39
Decrease 4 Steady Steady
43
Increase 4
39
Increase 2
37
113  El Salvador
34
Decrease 1
35
Increase 2
33
Decrease 3
36
Decrease 3
39
Steady
39
Increase 1
38
Steady
38
119  Sierra Leone
33
Increase 3
30
Steady
30
Steady
30
Increase 1
29
Decrease 2
31
Increase 1
30
Decrease 1
31
120  Moldova
32
Decrease 1
33
Increase 2
31
Increase 1
30
Decrease 3
33
Decrease 2
35
Steady
35
Decrease 1
36
120  Niger
32
Decrease 2
34
Increase 1
33
Decrease 2
35
Increase 1
34
Decrease 1
35
Increase 1
34
Increase 1
33
120  Pakistan
32
Decrease 1
33
Increase 1
32
Steady
32
Increase 2
30
Increase 1
29
Increase 1
28
Increase 1
27
123  Malawi
31
Decrease 1
32
Increase 1
31
Steady
31
Steady
31
Decrease 2
33
Decrease 4
37
Steady
37
123  Bolivia
31
Increase 2
29
Decrease 4
33
Steady
33
Decrease 1
34
Decrease 1
35
Increase 1
34
Steady
34
123  Gabon
31
Steady
31
Decrease 1
32
Decrease 3
35
Increase 1
34
Decrease 3
37
Increase 3
34
Decrease 1
35
126  Djibouti
30
Decrease 1
31
Steady
31
Increase 1
30
Decrease 4
34
Steady
34
Decrease 2
36
Steady
36
126  Kyrgyzstan
30
Increase 1
29
Steady
29
Increase 1
28
Steady
28
Increase 1
27
Increase 3
24
Steady
24
126  Azerbaijan
30
Increase 5
25
Decrease 6
31
Increase 1
30
Increase 1
29
Steady
29
Increase 1
28
Increase 1
27
126  Ukraine
30
Decrease 2
32
Increase 2
30
Increase 1
29
Increase 2
27
Increase 1
26
Increase 1
25
Decrease 1
26
130  Laos
29
Steady
29
Steady
29
Decrease 1
30
Increase 5
25
Steady
25
Decrease 1
26
Increase 5
21
130  Guinea
29
Increase 1
28
Increase 1
27
Steady
27
Increase 2
25
Steady
25
Increase 1
24
Steady
24
130  Myanmar
29
Steady
29
Decrease 1
30
Increase 2
28
Increase 6
22
Increase 1
21
Steady
21
Increase 6
15
130  Mexico
29
Increase 1
28
Decrease 1
29
Decrease 1
30
Decrease 5
35
Steady
35
Increase 1
34
Steady
34
130  Maldives
29
Decrease 2
31
Decrease 2
33
Decrease 3
36
Steady Steady Steady Steady
130  Mali
29
Decrease 3
32
Increase 1
31
Decrease 1
32
Decrease 3
35
Increase 3
32
Increase 4
28
Decrease 6
34
130  Togo
29
Decrease 1
30
Decrease 2
32
Steady
32
Steady
32
Increase 3
29
Steady
29
Decrease 1
30
137  Russia
28
Steady
28
Decrease 1
29
Steady
29
Steady
29
Increase 2
27
Decrease 1
28
Steady
28
137  Papua New Guinea
28
Steady
28
Decrease 1
29
Increase 1
28
Increase 3
25
Steady
25
Steady
25
Steady
25
137  Mauritania
28
Increase 1
27
Decrease 1
28
Increase 1
27
Decrease 4
31
Increase 1
30
Steady
30
Decrease 1
31
137  Liberia
28
Decrease 4
32
Increase 1
31
Decrease 6
37
Steady
37
Steady
37
Decrease 1
38
Decrease 3
41
137  Lebanon
28
Steady
28
Steady
28
Steady
28
Steady
28
Increase 1
27
Decrease 1
28
Decrease 2
30
137  Kenya
28
Increase 1
27
Decrease 1
28
Increase 2
26
Increase 1
25
Steady
25
Decrease 2
27
Steady
27
137  Uganda
28
Increase 2
26
Steady
26
Increase 1
25
Steady
25
Decrease 1
26
Steady
26
Decrease3
29
137  Paraguay
28
Decrease 1
29
Steady
29
Decrease 1
30
Increase 3
27
Increase 3
24
Steady
24
Decrease 1
25
137  Dominican Republic
28
Decrease 2
30
Increase 1
29
Decrease 2
31
Decrease 2
33
Increase 1
32
Increase 3
29
Decrease 3
32
146  Nigeria
26
Decrease 1
27
Steady
27
Decrease 1
28
Increase 2
26
Decrease 1
27
Increase 2
25
Decrease 2
27
146  Mozambique
26
Increase 3
23
Decrease 2
25
Decrease 2
27
Decrease 4
31
Steady
31
Increase 1
30
Decrease 1
31
146  Guatemala
26
Decrease 1
27
Decrease 1
28
Steady
28
Steady
28
Decrease 4
32
Increase 3
29
Decrease 4
33
146  Iran
26
Decrease 2
28
Decrease 2
30
Increase 1
29
Increase 2
27
Steady
27
Increase 2
25
Decrease 3
28
146  Angola
26
Increase 7
19
Steady
19
Increase 1
18
Increase 3
15
Decrease 4
19
Decrease 4
23
Increase 1
22
146  Bangladesh
26
Steady
26
Decrease 2
28
Increase 2
26
Increase 1
25
Steady
25
Decrease 2
27
Increase 1
26
146  Honduras
26
Decrease 3
29
Steady
29
Decrease 1
30
Decrease 1
31
Increase 2
29
Increase 3
26
Decrease 2
28
153  Cameroon
25
Steady
25
Steady
25
Decrease 1
26
Decrease 1
27
Steady
27
Increase 2
25
Decrease 1
26
153  Central African Republic
25
Decrease 1
26
Increase 3
23
Increase 3
20
Decrease 4
24
Steady
24
Decrease 1
25
Decrease 1
26
153  Uzbekistan
25
Increase 2
23
Increase 1
22
Increase 1
21
Increase 2
19
Increase 1
18
Increase 1
17
Steady
17
153  Tajikistan
25
Steady
25
Increase 4
21
Decrease 4
25
Decrease 1
26
Increase 3
23
Increase 1
22
Steady
22
153  Comoros
25
Decrease 2
27
Steady
27
Increase 3
24
Decrease 2
26
Steady
26
Decrease 2
28
Steady
28
158  Zimbabwe
24
Increase 2
22
Steady
22
Steady
22
Increase 1
21
Steady
21
Steady
21
Increase 1
20
158  Madagascar
24
Decrease 1
25
Increase 1
24
Decrease 2
26
Decrease 2
28
Steady
28
Steady
28
Decrease 4
32
160  Eritrea
23
Decrease 1
24
Increase 4
20
Increase 2
18
Steady
18
Steady
18
Decrease 2
20
Decrease 5
25
161  Nicaragua
22
Decrease 3
25
Decrease 1
26
Steady
26
Decrease 1
27
Decrease 1
28
Steady
28
Decrease 1
29
162  Chad
20
Increase 1
19
Decrease 1
20
Steady
20
Decrease 2
22
Steady
22
Increase 3
19
Steady
19
162  Cambodia
20
Steady
20
Decrease 1
21
Steady
21
Steady
21
Steady
21
Increase 1
20
Decrease 2
22
162  Iraq
20
Increase 2
18
Steady
18
Increase 1
17
Increase 1
16
Steady
16
Steady
16
Decrease 2
18
165  Turkmenistan
19
Decrease 1
20
Increase 1
19
Decrease 3
22
Increase 4
18
Increase 1
17
Steady
17
Steady
17
165  Republic of the Congo
19
Steady
19
Decrease 2
21
Increase 1
20
Decrease 3
23
Steady
23
Increase 1
22
Decrease 4
26
165  Burundi
19
Increase 2
17
Decrease 5
22
Increase 2
20
Decrease 1
21
Increase 1
20
Decrease 1
21
Increase 2
19
168  Haiti
18
Decrease 2
20
Decrease 2
22
Increase 2
20
Increase 3
17
Decrease 2
19
Steady
19
Steady
19
168  Democratic Republic of the Congo
18
Decrease 2
20
Decrease 1
21
Steady
21
Decrease 1
22
Steady
22
Steady
22
Increase 1
21
168  Libya
18
Increase 1
17
Steady
17
Increase 3
14
Decrease 2
16
Decrease 2
18
Increase 3
15
Decrease 6
21
168  Guinea-Bissau
18
Increase 2
16
Decrease 1
17
Increase 1
16
Decrease 1
17
Decrease 2
19
Steady
19
Decrease 6
25
172  North Korea
17
Increase 3
14
Decrease 3
17
Increase 5
12
Increase 4
8
Steady
8
Steady
8
Steady
8
173  Sudan
16
Steady
16
Steady
16
Increase 2
14
Increase 2
12
Increase 1
11
Steady
11
Decrease 2
13
173  Afghanistan
16
Steady
16
Increase 1
15
Steady
15
Increase 4
11
Decrease 1
12
Increase 4
8
Steady
8
173  Equatorial Guinea
16
Steady
16
Decrease 1
17
Decrease 2 Steady Steady Steady
19
Decrease 1
20
173  Venezuela
16
Decrease 2
18
Steady
18
Increase 1
17
Steady
17
Decrease 2
19
Decrease 1
20
Increase 1
19
177  Yemen
15
Increase 1
14
Decrease 2
16
Increase 2
14
Decrease 4
18
Decrease 1
19
Increase 1
18
Decrease 5
23
178  Syria
13
Steady
13
Decrease 1
14
Increase 1
13
Decrease 5
18
Decrease 2
20
Increase 3
17
Decrease 9
26
179  South Sudan
12
Decrease 1
13
Increase 1
12
Increase 1
11
Decrease 4
15
Steady
15
Increase 1
14
Steady
180  Somalia
9
Decrease 1
10
Increase 1
9
Decrease 1
10
Increase 2
8
Steady
8
Steady
8
Steady
8

2000–2009[edit]

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[22]

# Nation or Territory 2009[36] 2008[37] 2007[38] 2006[39] 2005[40] 2004[41] 2003[42] 2002[43] 2001[44] 2000[45]
Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i]
1  New Zealand 9.4 Steady 9.3 Steady 9.4 Steady 9.6 Increase 1 9.6 Steady 9.6 Increase 1 9.5 Decrease 1 9.5 Increase 1 9.4 Steady 9.4 Steady
2  Denmark 9.3 Decrease 1 9.3 Steady 9.4 Increase 3 9.5 Steady 9.5 Decrease 1 9.5 Steady 9.5 Decrease 1 9.5 Steady 9.5 Steady 9.8 Decrease 1
3  Singapore 9.2 Increase 1 9.2 Steady 9.3 Increase 1 9.4 Steady 9.4 Steady 9.3 Steady 9.4 Steady 9.3 Decrease 1 9.2 Increase 2 9.1 Increase 1
3  Sweden 9.2 Decrease 2 9.3 Increase 3 9.3 Increase 2 9.2 Steady 9.2 Steady 9.2 Steady 9.3 Decrease 1 9.3 Increase 1 9 Decrease 3 9.4 Steady
5   Switzerland 9 Steady 9 Increase 2 9 Steady 9.1 Steady 9.1 Steady 9.1 Increase 1 8.8 Increase 4 8.5 Steady 8.4 Decrease 1 8.6 Decrease 2
6  Finland 8.9 Decrease 1 9 Decrease 4 9.4 Steady 9.6 Increase 1 9.6 Decrease 1 9.7 Steady 9.7 Steady 9.7 Steady 9.9 Steady 10 Increase 1
6  Netherlands 8.9 Increase 1 8.9 Steady 9 Increase 2 8.7 Increase 2 8.6 Decrease 1 8.7 Decrease 3 8.9 Steady 9 Increase 1 8.8 Increase 1 8.9 Decrease 1
8  Canada 8.7 Increase 1 8.7 Steady 8.7 Increase 5 8.5 Steady 8.4 Decrease 2 8.5 Decrease 1 8.7 Decrease 4 9 Steady 8.9 Decrease 2 9.2 Steady
8  Iceland 8.7 Decrease 1 8.9 Decrease 1 9.2 Decrease 5 9.6 Steady 9.7 Increase 2 9.5 Decrease 1 9.6 Increase 2 9.4 Steady 9.2 Increase 2 9.1 Decrease 1
8  Australia 8.7 Increase 1 8.7 Increase 2 8.6 Decrease 2 8.7 Steady 8.8 Steady 8.8 Decrease 1 8.8 Increase 3 8.6 Steady 8.5 Increase 2 8.3 Decrease 1
11  Norway 8.6 Increase 3 7.9 Decrease 5 8.7 Decrease 1 8.8 Steady 8.9 Steady 8.9 Steady 8.8 Increase 4 8.5 Decrease 2 8.6 Decrease 4 9.1 Increase 3
12  Luxembourg 8.2 Decrease 1 8.3 Increase 1 8.4 Decrease 1 8.6 Increase 2 8.5 Steady 8.4 Decrease 2 8.7 Decrease 4 9 Increase 2 8.7 Increase 2 8.6 Steady
12  Hong Kong 8.2 Steady 8.1 Increase 2 8.3 Increase 1 8.3 Steady 8.3 Increase 1 8 Decrease 2 8 Steady 8.2 Steady 7.9 Increase 1 7.7 Steady
14  Ireland 8 Increase 2 7.7 Increase 1 7.5 Increase 1 7.4 Increase 1 7.4 Decrease 2 7.5 Increase 1 7.5 Increase 5 6.9 Decrease 5 7.5 Increase 1 7.2 Decrease 4
14  Germany 8 Steady 7.9 Increase 2 7.8 Steady 8 Steady 8.2 Decrease 1 8.2 Increase 1 7.7 Increase 2 7.3 Increase 2 7.4 Decrease 3 7.6 Decrease 3
16  Austria 7.9 Decrease 4 8.1 Increase 3 8.1 Decrease 4 8.6 Decrease 1 8.7 Increase 3 8.4 Increase 1 8 Increase 1 7.8 Steady 7.8 Steady 7.7 Increase 2
17  United Kingdom 7.7 Decrease 1 7.7 Decrease 4 8.4 Decrease 1 8.6 Steady 8.6 Steady 8.6 Steady 8.7 Decrease 1 8.7 Increase 3 8.3 Decrease 3 8.7 Increase 3
17  Japan 7.7 Increase 1 7.3 Decrease 1 7.5 Steady 7.6 Increase 4 7.3 Increase 3 6.9 Decrease 3 7 Decrease 1 7.1 Increase 1 7.1 Increase 2 6.4 Increase 2
19  United States 7.5 Decrease 1 7.3 Increase 2 7.2 Steady 7.3 Decrease 3 7.6 Steady 7.5 Increase 1 7.5 Decrease 2 7.7 Steady 7.6 Decrease 2 7.8 Increase 4
20  Barbados 7.4 Increase 2 7 Increase 1 6.9 Increase 1 6.7 Steady 6.9 Decrease 3 7.3
21  Belgium 7.1 Decrease 3 7.3 Increase 3 7.1 Decrease 1 7.3 Decrease 1 7.4 Decrease 2 7.5 Steady 7.6 Increase 3 7.1 Increase 4 6.6 Increase 1 6.1 Increase 4
22  Qatar 7 Increase 6 6.5 Increase 4 6 Steady 6 Steady 5.9 Increase 6 5.2 Decrease 6 5.6
22  Saint Lucia 7 Decrease 1 7.1 Increase 3 6.8
24  France 6.9 Decrease 1 6.9 Decrease 4 7.3 Decrease 1 7.4 Steady 7.5 Increase 4 7.1 Increase 1 6.9 Increase 2 6.3 Decrease 2 6.7 Decrease 2 6.7 Increase 1
25  Chile 6.7 Decrease 2 6.9 Decrease 1 7 Decrease 2 7.3 Increase 1 7.3 Decrease 1 7.4 Steady 7.4 Decrease 3 7.5 Increase 1 7.5 Steady 7.4 Increase 1
25  Uruguay 6.7 Decrease 2 6.9 Increase 2 6.7 Increase 3 6.4 Increase 4 5.9 Decrease 4 6.2 Increase 5 5.5 Decrease 1 5.1 Increase 3 5.1 Increase 6
27  Slovenia 6.6 Decrease 1 6.7 Increase 1 6.6 Increase 1 6.4 Increase 3 6.1 Steady 6 Decrease 2 5.9 Decrease 2 6 Increase 7 5.2 Decrease 6 5.5 Decrease 3
27  Estonia 6.6 Steady 6.6 Increase 1 6.5 Decrease 4 6.7 Increase 3 6.4 Increase 4 6 Increase 2 5.5 Decrease 4 5.6 Decrease 1 5.6 Decrease 1 5.7 Steady
27  Cyprus 6.6 Increase 4 6.4 Increase 8 5.3 Decrease 2 5.6 Steady 5.7 Decrease 1 5.4 Decrease 9 6.1
30  United Arab Emirates 6.5 Increase 5 5.9 Decrease 1 5.7 Decrease 3 6.2 Decrease 1 6.2 Decrease 1 6.1 Increase 8 5.2
31  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.4 Decrease 3 6.5 Increase 2 6.1
32  Israel 6.1 Increase 1 6 Decrease 3 6.1 Increase 4 5.9 Decrease 6 6.3 Decrease 2 6.4 Decrease 5 7 Decrease 3 7.3 Decrease 2 7.6 Increase 6 6.6 Decrease 2
32  Spain 6.1 Decrease 4 6.5 Decrease 3 6.7 Decrease 2 6.8 Steady 7 Decrease 1 7.1 Increase 1 6.9 Decrease 3 7.1 Increase 2 7 Decrease 2 7 Increase 2
34  Dominica 5.9 Decrease 1 6 Increase 4 5.6 Increase 16 4.5
35  Portugal 5.8 Decrease 3 6.1 Decrease 4 6.5 Decrease 2 6.6 Steady 6.5 Increase 1 6.3 Decrease 2 6.6 Steady 6.3 Steady 6.3 Decrease 2 6.4 Decrease 2
35  Puerto Rico 5.8 Increase 1 5.8
37  Botswana 5.6 Decrease 1 5.8 Increase 2 5.4 Decrease 1 5.6 Decrease 5 5.9 Decrease 1 6 Decrease 1 5.7 Decrease 6 6.4 Increase 2 6 Steady 6 Decrease 2
37  Taiwan 5.6 Increase 2 5.7 Decrease 5 5.7 Steady 5.9 Decrease 2 5.9 Increase 3 5.6 Decrease 5 5.7 Decrease 1 5.6 Decrease 2 5.9 Increase 1 5.5 Steady
39  Oman 5.5 Increase 2 5.5 Increase 12 4.7 Decrease 14 5.4 Decrease 11 6.3 Increase 1 6.1 Decrease 3 6.3
39  Brunei Darussalam 5.5
39  South Korea 5.5 Increase 1 5.6 Increase 3 5.1 Decrease 1 5.1 Decrease 2 5 Increase 7 4.5 Increase 3 4.3 Decrease 10 4.5 Increase 2 4.2 Increase 6 4 Increase 2
42  Mauritius 5.4 Decrease 1 5.5 Increase 12 4.7 Decrease 11 5.1 Increase 9 4.2 Increase 3 4.1 Decrease 6 4.4 Decrease 8 4.5 Steady 4.5 Decrease 3 4.7 Decrease 1
43  Costa Rica 5.3 Increase 4 5.1 Decrease 1 5 Increase 9 4.1 Decrease 4 4.2 Decrease 10 4.9 Increase 9 4.3 Decrease 10 4.5 Steady 4.5 Decrease 10 5.4 Increase 2
43  Macao 5.3 Steady 5.4 Decrease 9 5.7 Decrease 8 6.6
45  Malta 5.2 Decrease 9 5.8 Decrease 3 5.8 Decrease 5 6.4 Decrease 3 6.6 Steady 6.8
46  Bahrain 5.1 Decrease 3 5.4 Increase 3 5 Decrease 10 5.7 Steady 5.8 Decrease 2 5.8 Decrease 7 6.1
46  Cape Verde 5.1 Increase 1 5.1 Increase 2 4.9
46  Hungary 5.1 Increase 1 5.1 Decrease 8 5.3 Increase 2 5.2 Decrease 1 5 Increase 2 4.8 Decrease 2 4.8 Decrease 7 4.9 Decrease 2 5.3 Steady
49  Jordan 5 Decrease 2 5.1 Increase 6 4.7 Decrease 13 5.3 Decrease 3 5.7 Steady 5.3 Increase 6 4.6 Decrease 3 4.5 Decrease 3 4.9 Increase 2 4.6 Increase 2
49  Poland 5 Increase 9 4.6 Increase 3 4.2 Steady 3.7 Increase 9 3.4 Decrease 3 3.5 Decrease 3 3.6 Decrease 19 4 Decrease 1 4.1 Decrease 1 4.1 Increase 1
49  Bhutan 5 Decrease 4 5.2 Increase 1 5 Decrease 14 6
52  Lithuania 4.9 Increase 6 4.6 Decrease 7 4.8 Decrease 5 4.8 Decrease 2 4.8 Steady 4.6 Decrease 3 4.7 Decrease 5 4.8 Increase 2 4.8 Increase 5 4.1 Increase 7
52  Czech Republic 4.9 Decrease 7 5.2 Decrease 4 5.2 Increase 5 4.8 Increase 1 4.3 Increase 4 4.2 Increase 3 3.9 Decrease 2 3.7 Decrease 5 3.9 Decrease 5 4.3 Decrease 3
54  Seychelles 4.8 Increase 1 4.8 Increase 2 4.5 Increase 6 3.6 Decrease 8 4 Decrease 7 4.4
55  South Africa 4.7 Decrease 1 4.9 Decrease 11 5.1 Increase 8 4.6 Decrease 5 4.5 Decrease 2 4.6 Increase 4 4.4 Decrease 12 4.8 Increase 2 4.8 Decrease 4 5 Steady
56  Namibia 4.5 Increase 5 4.5 Decrease 4 4.5 Decrease 2 4.1 Decrease 8 4.3 Increase 7 4.1 Decrease 13 4.7 Decrease 13 5.7 Increase 2 5.4 Steady 5.4 Decrease 1
56  Samoa 4.5 Increase 6 4.4 Decrease 5 4.5
56  Slovakia 4.5 Decrease 4 5 Decrease 3 4.9 Steady 4.7 Decrease 2 4.3 Increase 10 4 Increase 2 3.7 Decrease 7 3.7 Decrease 1 3.7 Increase 1 3.5 Increase 1
56  Latvia 4.5 Decrease 4 5 Decrease 1 4.8 Decrease 2 4.7 Increase 2 4.2 Increase 6 4 Steady 3.8 Decrease 5 3.7 Increase 7 3.4 Decrease 2 3.4 Increase 1
56  Malaysia 4.5 Decrease 9 5.1 Decrease 4 5.1 Increase 1 5 Decrease 5 5.1 Steady 5 Decrease 2 5.2 Decrease 4 4.9 Increase 3 5 Steady 4.8 Decrease 4
61  Turkey 4.4 Decrease 3 4.6 Increase 6 4.1 Decrease 4 3.8 Increase 5 3.5 Increase 12 3.2 Steady 3.1 Decrease 13 3.2 Decrease 10 3.6 Decrease 4 3.8 Increase 4
61  Cuba 4.4 Increase 4 4.3 Decrease 4 4.2 Increase 5 3.5 Decrease 7 3.8 Increase 3 3.7 Decrease 19 4.6
63  Saudi Arabia 4.3 Increase 17 3.5 Decrease 1 3.4 Decrease 9 3.3 Steady 3.4 Increase 1 3.4 Decrease 25 4.5
63  Italy 4.3 Decrease 8 4.8 Decrease 14 5.2 Increase 4 4.9 Decrease 5 5 Increase 2 4.8 Decrease 7 5.3 Decrease 4 5.2 Decrease 2 5.5 Increase 10 4.6 Decrease 1
65  Tunisia 4.2 Decrease 3 4.4 Decrease 1 4.2 Decrease 10 4.6 Decrease 8 4.9 Decrease 4 5 Steady 4.9 Decrease 3 4.8 Decrease 5 5.3 Increase 1 5.2 Increase 2
66  Georgia 4.1 Increase 1 3.9 Increase 12 3.4 Increase 20 2.8 Increase 31 2.3 Increase 3 2 Decrease 9 1.8 Decrease 39 2.4 Decrease 1
66  Kuwait 4.1 Decrease 1 4.3 Decrease 5 4.3 Decrease 14 4.8 Decrease 1 4.7 Decrease 1 4.6 Decrease 9 5.3
66  Croatia 4.1 Decrease 4 4.4 Increase 2 4.1 Increase 5 3.4 Increase 1 3.4 Decrease 3 3.5 Decrease 8 3.7 Decrease 8 3.8 Decrease 4 3.9 Increase 4 3.7 Increase 23
 Fiji 4 55
69  Ghana 3.9 Decrease 2 3.9 Increase 2 3.7 Increase 1 3.3 Decrease 5 3.5 Decrease 1 3.6 Increase 6 3.3 Decrease 20 3.9 Increase 9 3.4 Decrease 7 3.5 Increase 11
69  Montenegro 3.9 Increase 16 3.4 Decrease 1 3.3
71  Bulgaria 3.8 Increase 1 3.6 Decrease 8 4.1 Decrease 7 4 Decrease 2 4 Decrease 1 4.1 Steady 3.9 Decrease 9 4 Increase 2 3.9 Increase 5 3.5 Increase 11
71  Greece 3.8 Decrease 14 4.7 Decrease 1 4.6 Decrease 2 4.4 Decrease 7 4.3 Increase 2 4.3 Increase 1 4.3 Decrease 6 4.2 Decrease 2 4.2 Decrease 7 4.9 Increase 1
71  Romania 3.8 Decrease 1 3.8 Decrease 1 3.7 Increase 15 3.1 Increase 1 3 Increase 2 2.9 Decrease 4 2.8 Decrease 6 2.6 Decrease 8 2.8 Decrease 1 2.9 Decrease 5
71  FYR Macedonia 3.8 Increase 1 3.6 Increase 12 3.3 Increase 21 2.7 Decrease 2 2.7 Decrease 6 2.7 Increase 9 2.3 Decrease 43
75  Colombia 3.7 Decrease 5 3.8 Decrease 2 3.8 Decrease 9 3.9 Decrease 4 4 Increase 5 3.8 Decrease 1 3.7 Decrease 2 3.6 Decrease 7 3.8 Increase 10 3.2 Increase 12
75  Peru 3.7 Decrease 3 3.6 Steady 3.5 Decrease 2 3.3 Decrease 5 3.5 Increase 2 3.5 Decrease 8 3.7 Decrease 14 4 Decrease 1 4.1 Decrease 3 4.4 Decrease 1
75  Suriname 3.7 Decrease 3 3.6 Steady 3.5 Increase 18 3 Decrease 12 3.2 Decrease 29 4.3
75  Brazil 3.7 Increase 5 3.5 Decrease 8 3.5 Decrease 2 3.3 Decrease 8 3.7 Decrease 3 3.9 Decrease 5 3.9 Decrease 9 4 Increase 1 4 Increase 3 3.9 Decrease 4
79  Swaziland 3.6 Decrease 7 3.6 Increase 12 3.3 Increase 37 2.5 Decrease 18 2.7
79  Trinidad and Tobago 3.6 Decrease 7 3.6 Increase 7 3.4 Steady 3.2 Decrease 20 3.8 Decrease 8 4.2 Decrease 8 4.6 Decrease 10 4.9 Decrease 2 5.3
79  China 3.6 Decrease 7 3.6 Steady 3.5 Decrease 2 3.3 Increase 8 3.2 Decrease 7 3.4 Decrease 5 3.4 Decrease 7 3.5 Decrease 2 3.5 Increase 6 3.1 Decrease 5
79  Burkina Faso 3.6 Increase 1 3.5 Increase 25 2.9 Decrease 26 3.2 Decrease 9 3.4 Decrease 5 3
83  Serbia 3.5 Increase 2 3.4 Decrease 6 3.4 Increase 11 3
84  El Salvador 3.4 Decrease 17 3.9 Steady 4 Decrease 10 4 Decrease 6 4.2 Steady 4.2 Increase 8 3.7 Increase 3 3.4 Decrease 8 3.6 Decrease 11 4.1 Increase 6
84  India 3.4 Increase 1 3.4 Decrease 13 3.5 Decrease 2 3.3 Increase 18 2.9 Increase 2 2.8 Decrease 7 2.8 Decrease 12 2.7 Steady 2.7 Decrease 2 2.8 Increase 3
84  Panama 3.4 Increase 1 3.4 Increase 9 3.2 Decrease 10 3.1 Decrease 19 3.5 Decrease 3 3.7 Increase 4 3.4 Increase 1 3 Decrease 16 3.7
84  Thailand 3.4 Decrease 4 3.5 Increase 4 3.3 Decrease 21 3.6 Decrease 4 3.8 Increase 5 3.6 Increase 6 3.3 Decrease 6 3.2 Decrease 3 3.2 Decrease 1 3.2 Increase 8
84  Guatemala 3.4 Increase 12 3.1 Increase 15 2.8 Steady 2.6 Increase 6 2.5 Increase 5 2.2 Decrease 22 2.4 Decrease 19 2.5 Decrease 16 2.9 Increase 3
 Grenada 3.4 Decrease 13 3.5 66
89  Malawi 3.3 Increase 26 2.8 Increase 3 2.7 Decrease 13 2.7 Decrease 8 2.8 Decrease 7 2.8 Decrease 7 2.8 Decrease 15 2.9 Decrease 7 3.2 Decrease 18 4.1 Increase 2
89  Lesotho 3.3 Increase 3 3.2 Decrease 8 3.3 Decrease 5 3.2 Decrease 9 3.4
89  Moldova 3.3 Increase 20 2.9 Increase 2 2.8 Decrease 32 3.2 Increase 9 2.9 Increase 26 2.3 Decrease 14 2.4 Decrease 7 2.1 Decrease 30 3.1 Increase 11 2.6 Increase 1
89  Morocco 3.3 Decrease 9 3.5 Decrease 8 3.5 Increase 7 3.2 Decrease 1 3.2 Decrease 1 3.2 Decrease 7 3.3 Decrease 18 3.7 Decrease 15 4.7 Increase 8
89  Rwanda 3.3 Increase 13 3 Increase 9 2.8 Increase 10 2.5 Decrease 38 3.1
89  Mexico 3.3 Decrease 17 3.6 Steady 3.5 Decrease 2 3.3 Decrease 5 3.5 Decrease 1 3.6 Steady 3.6 Decrease 7 3.6 Decrease 6 3.7 Increase 8 3.3 Decrease 1
95  Albania 3.2 Decrease 10 3.4 Increase 20 2.9 Increase 6 2.6 Increase 15 2.4 Decrease 18 2.5 Decrease 16 2.5 Decrease 11 2.5 Increase 3
95  Vanuatu 3.2 Increase 14 2.9 Decrease 11 3.1
97  Sri Lanka 3.1 Decrease 5 3.2 Increase 2 3.2 Decrease 10 3.1 Decrease 6 3.2 Decrease 11 3.5 Decrease 1 3.4 Decrease 14 3.7
97  Liberia 3.1 Increase 41 2.4 Increase 12 2.1 Decrease 13 2.2
99  Madagascar 3 Decrease 14 3.4 Increase 9 3.2 Decrease 10 3.1 Increase 13 2.8 Decrease 15 3.1 Increase 6 2.6 Increase 10 1.7
99  Tonga 3 Increase 39 2.4 Increase 37 1.7
99  Zambia 3 Increase 16 2.8 Increase 8 2.6 Decrease 12 2.6 Decrease 4 2.6 Decrease 5 2.6 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 15 2.6 Decrease 2 2.6 Decrease 18 3.4 Decrease 1
99  Jamaica 3 Decrease 3 3.1 Decrease 12 3.3 Decrease 23 3.7 Increase 3 3.6 Increase 10 3.3 Decrease 17 3.8 Decrease 12 4 Increase 5
99  Senegal 3 Decrease 14 3.4 Decrease 14 3.6 Decrease 1 3.3 Increase 8 3.2 Increase 7 3 Decrease 9 3.2 Decrease 10 3.1 Decrease 1 2.9 Decrease 13 3.5 Increase 6
99  Dominican Republic 3 Increase 3 3 Decrease 3 3 Steady 2.8 Decrease 14 3 Increase 2 2.9 Decrease 17 3.3 Decrease 11 3.5 Increase 4 3.1
99  Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Decrease 7 3.2 Decrease 8 3.3 Increase 9 2.9 Decrease 5 2.9 Decrease 6 3.1 Decrease 12 3.3
106  Gabon 2.9 Decrease 10 3.1 Decrease 12 3.3 Increase 6 3 Decrease 2 2.9 Decrease 14 3.3
106  Niger 2.9 Increase 9 2.8 Increase 8 2.6 Increase 15 2.3 Decrease 12 2.4 Decrease 4 2.2
106  Argentina 2.9 Increase 3 2.9 Decrease 4 2.9 Decrease 12 2.9 Increase 4 2.8 Increase 11 2.5 Decrease 16 2.5 Decrease 22 2.8 Decrease 13 3.5 Decrease 5 3.5 Increase 19
106  Benin 2.9 Decrease 10 3.1 Increase 22 2.7 Increase 3 2.5 Decrease 33 2.9 Decrease 11 3.2
106  Gambia 2.9 Increase 52 1.9 Decrease 15 2.3 Decrease 22 2.5 Decrease 18 2.7 Decrease 13 2.8 Increase 2 2.5
 Belize 2.9 Decrease 10 3 Decrease 33 3.5 Decrease 4 3.7 Decrease 2 3.8 Decrease 14 4.5 46
111  Egypt 2.8 Increase 4 2.8 Decrease 10 2.9 Decrease 35 3.3 Steady 3.4 Increase 7 3.2 Decrease 7 3.3 Decrease 8 3.4 Decrease 8 3.6 Increase 9 3.1 Steady
111  Indonesia 2.8 Increase 15 2.6 Increase 17 2.3 Decrease 13 2.4 Increase 7 2.2 Decrease 4 2 Decrease 11 1.9 Decrease 26 1.9 Decrease 8 1.9 Decrease 3 1.7 Increase 11
111  Kiribati 2.8 Decrease 15 3.1 Decrease 12 3.3
111  Mali 2.8 Decrease 15 3.1 Increase 22 2.7 Decrease 19 2.8 Decrease 11 2.9 Decrease 11 3.2 Increase 1 3
111  Djibouti 2.8 Decrease 9 3 Increase 3 2.9
111  Algeria 2.8 Decrease 19 3.2 Increase 7 3 Decrease 15 3.1 Increase 13 2.8 Steady 2.7 Decrease 9 2.6
111  Togo 2.8 Increase 10 2.7 Increase 22 2.3 Decrease 13 2.4
111  Sao Tome and Principe 2.8 Increase 10 2.7 Decrease 3 2.7
111  Solomon Islands 2.8 Decrease 2 2.9 Increase 2 2.8
 Serbia and Montenegro 2.8 Steady 2.7 Increase 9 2.3 106
120  Ethiopia 2.7 Increase 6 2.6 Increase 12 2.4 Decrease 8 2.4 Increase 7 2.2 Decrease 23 2.3 Decrease 22 2.5 Decrease 33 3.5 Increase 1 3.2
120  Kazakhstan 2.7 Increase 25 2.2 Increase 5 2.1 Decrease 39 2.6 Decrease 4 2.6 Increase 15 2.2 Decrease 22 2.4 Decrease 12 2.3 Decrease 17 2.7 Decrease 6 3 Increase 19
120  Mongolia 2.7 Decrease 18 3 Decrease 3 3 Steady 2.8 Decrease 14 3 Steady 3 Decrease 42
120  Vietnam 2.7 Increase 1 2.7 Increase 2 2.6 Decrease 12 2.6 Decrease 4 2.6 Decrease 5 2.6 Decrease 2 2.4 Decrease 15 2.4 Decrease 10 2.6 Increase 1 2.5 Decrease 1
120  Bolivia 2.7 Decrease 18 3 Increase 3 2.9 Steady 2.7 Increase 12 2.5 Increase 5 2.2 Decrease 16 2.3 Decrease 17 2.2 Decrease 5 2 Decrease 13 2.7 Increase 9
120  Armenia 2.7 Decrease 11 2.9 Decrease 10 3 Decrease 6 2.9 Decrease 5 2.9 Decrease 6 3.1 Decrease 4 3 Decrease 2 2.5 Increase 4
126  Guyana 2.6 Steady 2.6 Decrease 3 2.6 Decrease 2 2.5 Decrease 4 2.5
126  Eritrea 2.6 Steady 2.6 Decrease 15 2.8 Decrease 18 2.9 Increase 14 2.6 Decrease 5 2.6
126  Syria 2.6 Increase 21 2.1 Decrease 9 2.4 Decrease 45 2.9 Decrease 23 3.4 Increase 1 3.4 Decrease 5 3.4
126  Tanzania 2.6 Decrease 24 3 Decrease 8 3.2 Decrease 1 2.9 Decrease 5 2.9 Increase 2 2.8 Increase 2 2.5 Decrease 21 2.7 Increase 11 2.2 Decrease 6 2.5 Increase 17
 Palestine 2.6 Increase 1 2.5 Decrease 30 3 78
130  Lebanon 2.5 Decrease 28 3 Decrease 3 3 Decrease 36 3.6 Increase 20 3.1 Increase 14 2.7 Decrease 19 3
130  Libya 2.5 Decrease 4 2.6 Increase 5 2.5 Decrease 26 2.7 Increase 12 2.5 Decrease 9 2.5 Increase 10 2.1
130  Honduras 2.5 Decrease 4 2.6 Increase 5 2.5 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 14 2.6 Increase 7 2.3 Decrease 8 2.3 Decrease 35 2.7 Steady 2.7 Increase 23
130  Mauritania 2.5 Decrease 15 2.8 Increase 8 2.6 Decrease 39 3.1
130  Mozambique 2.5 Decrease 4 2.6 Decrease 15 2.8 Decrease 12 2.8 Decrease 2 2.8 Decrease 7 2.8 Decrease 4 2.7 Decrease 5 2.2 Decrease 25
130  Nicaragua 2.5 Increase 4 2.5 Decrease 11 2.6 Decrease 12 2.6 Decrease 4 2.6 Decrease 10 2.7 Decrease 9 2.6 Decrease 7 2.5 Decrease 4 2.4 Decrease 7
130  Nigeria 2.5 Decrease 9 2.7 Increase 26 2.2 Decrease 5 2.2 Increase 10 1.9 Decrease 8 1.6 Decrease 12 1.4 Decrease 31 1.6 Decrease 11 1 Steady 1.2 Increase 8
130  Maldives 2.5 Decrease 15 2.8 Decrease 31 3.3
130  Uganda 2.5 Decrease 4 2.6 Decrease 15 2.8 Decrease 6 2.7 Increase 12 2.5 Decrease 15 2.6 Increase 11 2.2 Decrease 20 2.1 Decrease 5 1.9 Decrease 8 2.3 Increase 7
139  Bangladesh 2.4 Increase 8 2.1 Increase 15 2 Decrease 6 2 Increase 2 1.7 Decrease 13 1.5 Decrease 12 1.3 Decrease 31 1.2 Decrease 11 0.4 Decrease 40
139  Pakistan 2.4 Decrease 5 2.5 Increase 4 2.4 Increase 4 2.2 Increase 2 2.1 Decrease 15 2.1 Decrease 37 2.5 Decrease 15 2.6 Increase 2 2.3 Increase 8
139  Philippines 2.4 Increase 2 2.3 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 4 2.5 Decrease 15 2.6 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 15 2.6 Decrease 12 2.9 Increase 4 2.8 Decrease 15
139  Belarus 2.4 Increase 12 2 Decrease 1 2.1 Increase 1 2.1 Decrease 44 2.6 Decrease 33 3.3 Decrease 21 4.2 Decrease 17 4.8 Increase 7 4.1 Increase 15
143    Nepal 2.3 Decrease 22 2.7 Increase 10 2.5 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 4 2.5 Decrease 27 2.8
143  Comoros 2.3 Decrease 9 2.5 Decrease 11 2.6
143  Azerbaijan 2.3 Increase 15 1.9 Decrease 8 2.1 Decrease 20 2.4 Increase 7 2.2 Increase 3 1.9 Decrease 16 1.8 Decrease 29 2 Decrease 11 2 Increase 3 1.5 Increase 9
146  Cameroon 2.2 Decrease 5 2.3 Decrease 3 2.4 Steady 2.3 Decrease 1 2.2 Decrease 8 2.1 Decrease 5 1.8 Decrease 35 2.2 Decrease 5 2 Steady 2 Increase 15
146  Ecuador 2.2 Increase 5 2 Decrease 1 2.1 Decrease 12 2.3 Decrease 21 2.5 Decrease 5 2.4 Increase 1 2.2 Decrease 24 2.2 Decrease 10 2.3 Decrease 5 2.6 Increase 8
146  Russia 2.2 Increase 1 2.1 Decrease 4 2.3 Decrease 22 2.5 Increase 5 2.4 Decrease 36 2.8 Decrease 4 2.7 Decrease 15 2.7 Increase 8 2.3 Increase 3 2.1 Steady
146  Sierra Leone 2.2 Increase 12 1.9 Decrease 8 2.1 Decrease 8 2.2 Decrease 16 2.4 Decrease 12 2.3 Decrease 1 2.2
146  Ukraine 2.2 Decrease 12 2.5 Decrease 16 2.7 Decrease 19 2.8 Increase 8 2.6 Increase 15 2.2 Decrease 16 2.3 Decrease 21 2.4 Decrease 2 2.1 Increase 4 1.5 Decrease 12
146  Zimbabwe 2.2 Increase 20 1.8 Decrease 16 2.1 Decrease 20 2.4 Decrease 23 2.6 Increase 7 2.3 Decrease 8 2.3 Decrease 35 2.7 Decrease 6 2.9 Steady 3 Decrease 20
146  Kenya 2.2 Increase 1 2.1 Increase 3 2.1 Decrease 8 2.2 Increase 2 2.1 Decrease 15 2.1 Decrease 7 1.9 Decrease 26 1.9 Decrease 12 2 Decrease 2 2.1 Increase 8
146  Timor Leste 2.2 Decrease 1 2.2 Decrease 22 2.6 Decrease 12 2.6
154  Papua New Guinea 2.1 Decrease 3 2 Increase 11 2 Decrease 32 2.4 Steady 2.3 Decrease 28 2.6 Increase 16 2.1
154  Paraguay 2.1 Decrease 16 2.4 Steady 2.4 Decrease 27 2.6 Increase 33 2.1 Decrease 4 1.9 Decrease 11 1.6 Decrease 31 1.7 Decrease 8
154  Yemen 2.1 Decrease 13 2.3 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 20 2.6 Decrease 8 2.7 Increase 9 2.4 Decrease 24 2.6
154  Ivory Coast 2.1 Decrease 3 2 Decrease 1 2.1 Increase 1 2.1 Increase 1 1.9 Decrease 19 2 Decrease 15 2.1 Decrease 47 2.7 Increase 6 2.4 Decrease 6 2.7 Increase 4
158  Cambodia 2 Increase 8 1.8 Decrease 4 2 Decrease 11 2.1 Decrease 21 2.3
158  Central African Republic 2 Decrease 7 2 Increase 11 2 Decrease 32 2.4
158  Tajikistan 2 Decrease 7 2 Decrease 1 2.1 Decrease 8 2.2 Increase 2 2.1 Decrease 11 2 Decrease 9 1.8
158  Laos 2 Decrease 7 2 Increase 17 1.9 Decrease 57 2.6 Decrease 34 3.3
162  Angola 1.9 Decrease 4 1.9 Decrease 11 2.2 Decrease 5 2.2 Increase 9 2 Decrease 18 2 Decrease 9 1.8 Decrease 26 1.7 Decrease 13 1.7
162  Guinea-Bissau 1.9 Decrease 4 1.9 Decrease 11 2.2
162  Kyrgyzstan 1.9 Increase 4 1.8 Decrease 16 2.1 Decrease 8 2.2 Decrease 12 2.3 Decrease 8 2.2 Decrease 4 2.1 Decrease 31
162  Venezuela 1.9 Decrease 4 1.9 Increase 4 2 Decrease 24 2.3 Decrease 8 2.3 Decrease 16 2.3 Decrease 14 2.4 Decrease 19 2.5 Decrease 12 2.8 Increase 2 2.7 Increase 4
162  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1.9 Increase 9 1.7 Decrease 3 1.9 Decrease 12 2 Decrease 12 2.1 Decrease 11 2
162  Republic of the Congo 1.9 Decrease 4 1.9 Decrease 8 2.1 Decrease 8 2.2 Decrease 12 2.3 Decrease 16 2.3 Decrease 1 2.2
168  Equatorial Guinea 1.8 Increase 3 1.7 Decrease 3 1.9 Decrease 17 2.1 Increase 1 1.9
168  Guinea 1.8 Increase 5 1.6 Decrease 5 1.9 Decrease 8 1.9
168  Iran 1.8 Decrease 27 2.3 Decrease 10 2.5 Decrease 26 2.7 Decrease 17 2.9 Decrease 1 2.9 Decrease 9 3
168  Turkmenistan 1.8 Decrease 2 1.8 Decrease 4 2 Decrease 20 2.2 Increase 13 1.8 Decrease 22 2
168  Burundi 1.8 Decrease 10 1.9 Decrease 27 2.5 Decrease 1 2.4 Steady 2.3
168  Haiti 1.8 Increase 9 1.4 Steady 1.6 Decrease 14 1.8 Decrease 8 1.8 Decrease 10 1.5 Decrease 14 1.5 Decrease 42 2.2
174  Uzbekistan 1.7 Decrease 8 1.8 Increase 9 1.7 Decrease 24 2.1 Decrease 14 2.2 Decrease 23 2.3 Decrease 14 2.4 Decrease 32 2.9 Increase 3 2.7 Increase 8 2.4 Increase 15
175  Chad 1.6 Decrease 2 1.6 Decrease 1 1.8 Decrease 16 2 Increase 2 1.7 Decrease 16 1.7
176  Iraq 1.5 Increase 2 1.3 Steady 1.5 Decrease 18 1.9 Decrease 23 2.2 Decrease 8 2.1 Decrease 16 2.2
176  Sudan 1.5 Decrease 3 1.6 Decrease 1 1.8 Decrease 16 2 Decrease 12 2.1 Decrease 22 2.2 Decrease 16 2.3
178  Myanmar 1.4 Steady 1.3 Increase 1 1.4 Decrease 19 1.9 Decrease 5 1.8 Decrease 13 1.7 Decrease 13 1.6
179  Afghanistan 1.3 Decrease 3 1.5 Decrease 4 1.8 Decrease 55 2.5
 Yugoslavia 1.3 Increase 1
180  Somalia 1.1 Steady 1 Decrease 1 1.4 Decrease 35 2.1

1995–1999[edit]

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[22]

# Nation or Territory 1999[46] 1998[47] 1997[48] 1996[49] 1995[50]
Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score  Δ[i] Score
1  Denmark 10 Steady 10 Steady 9.94 Increase 1 9.33 Steady 9.32
2  Finland 9.4 Steady 9.6 Steady 9.48 Increase 2 9.05 Steady 9.12
3  Sweden 9.4 Steady 9.5 Steady 9.35 Steady 9.08 Increase 3 8.87
4  New Zealand 9.4 Increase 1 9.4 Steady 9.23 Decrease 3 9.43 Steady 9.55
5  Iceland 9.2 Steady 9.3
5  Canada 9.2 Increase 1 9.2 Decrease 1 9.1 Steady 8.96 Steady 8.87
7  Singapore 9.1 Steady 9.1 Increase 2 8.66 Decrease 2 8.8 Decrease 4 9.26
8  Netherlands 9 Steady 9 Decrease 2 9.03 Increase 3 8.71 Steady 8.69
9  Norway 8.9 Decrease 1 9 Decrease 1 8.92 Decrease 1 8.87 Increase 4 8.61
10   Switzerland 8.9 Increase 1 8.9 Increase 1 8.61 Decrease 3 8.76 Steady 8.76
11  Luxembourg 8.8 Steady 8.7 Decrease 1 8.61
12  Australia 8.7 Decrease 1 8.7 Decrease 3 8.86 Increase 2 8.6 Decrease 3 8.8
13  United Kingdom 8.6 Decrease 2 8.7 Increase 3 8.22 Decrease 2 8.44 Steady 8.57
14  Germany 8 Increase 1 7.9 Decrease 2 8.23 Steady 8.27 Steady 8.14
15  Hong Kong 7.7 Increase 1 7.8 Increase 2 7.28 Steady 7.01 Decrease 1 7.12
16  Ireland 7.7 Decrease 1 8.2 Decrease 2 8.28 Decrease 1 8.45
17  Austria 7.6 Steady 7.5 Steady 7.61 Decrease 1 7.59 Steady 7.13
18  United States 7.5 Decrease 1 7.5 Decrease 1 7.61 Decrease 1 7.66 Steady 7.79
19  Chile 6.9 Increase 1 6.8 Increase 3 6.05 Decrease 2 6.8 Decrease 7 7.94
20  Israel 6.8 Decrease 1 7.1 Decrease 4 7.97 Decrease 1 7.71
21  Portugal 6.7 Increase 1 6.5 Decrease 3 6.97 Increase 3 6.53 Steady 5.56
22  Spain 6.6 Increase 1 6.1 Increase 1 5.9 Increase 8 4.31 Decrease 6 4.35
23  France 6.6 Decrease 1 6.7 Decrease 1 6.66 Decrease 1 6.96 Decrease 1 7
24  Botswana 6.1 Decrease 1 6.1
25  Japan 6 Steady 5.8 Decrease 4 6.57 Decrease 4 7.05 Increase 3 6.72
26  Slovenia 6
27  Estonia 5.7 Decrease 1 5.7
28  Taiwan 5.6 Increase 1 5.3 Increase 2 5.02 Decrease 2 4.98 Decrease 4 5.08
29  Namibia 5.3 Steady 5.3
29  Belgium 5.3 Decrease 1 5.4 Decrease 2 5.25 Decrease 6 6.84 Decrease 1 6.85
31  Hungary 5.2 Increase 2 5 Decrease 5 5.18 Increase 3 4.86 Decrease 3 4.12
32  Costa Rica 5.1 Decrease 5 5.6 Decrease 5 6.45
32  Malaysia 5.1 Decrease 3 5.3 Increase 3 5.01 Decrease 6 5.32 Decrease 3 5.28
34  South Africa 5 Decrease 2 5.2 Increase 1 4.95 Decrease 10 5.68 Decrease 2 5.62
34  Tunisia 5 Decrease 1 5
36  Mauritius 4.9 Decrease 3 5
36  Greece 4.9 Steady 4.9 Decrease 11 5.35 Increase 3 5.01 Increase 2 4.04
38  Italy 4.7 Increase 1 4.6 Decrease 9 5.03 Increase 4 3.42 Decrease 1 2.99
39  Czech Republic 4.6 Decrease 2 4.8 Decrease 10 5.2 Decrease 2 5.37
40  Peru 4.5 Increase 1 4.5
41  Uruguay 4.4 Increase 1 4.3 Decrease 13 4.14
41  Jordan 4.4 Decrease 3 4.7 Decrease 8 4.89
43  Mongolia 4.3
44  Poland 4.2 Decrease 5 4.6 Decrease 10 5.08 Decrease 5 5.57
45  Morocco 4.1 Increase 5 3.7
45  Brazil 4.1 Increase 1 4 Decrease 10 3.56 Increase 4 2.96 Decrease 3 2.7
45  Zimbabwe 4.1 Decrease 2 4.2
45  Malawi 4.1 Steady 4.1
49  El Salvador 3.9 Increase 2 3.6
50  Jamaica 3.8 Decrease 1 3.8
50  South Korea 3.8 Decrease 7 4.2 Decrease 9 4.29 Decrease 7 5.02 Steady 4.29
50  Lithuania 3.8
53  Slovak Republic 3.7 Decrease 6 3.9
54  Philippines 3.6 Increase 1 3.3 Decrease 15 3.05 Increase 4 2.69 Decrease 8 2.77
54  Turkey 3.6 Steady 3.4 Decrease 16 3.21 Decrease 5 3.54 Decrease 4 4.1
56  Mozambique 3.5
56  Zambia 3.5 Decrease 4 3.5
58  China 3.4 Decrease 6 3.5 Decrease 11 2.88 Increase 9 2.43 Decrease 10 2.16
58  Belarus 3.4 Decrease 11 3.9
58  Mexico 3.4 Decrease 3 3.3 Decrease 8 2.66 Decrease 9 3.3 Decrease 6 3.18
58  Latvia 3.4 Increase 13 2.7
58  Senegal 3.4 Decrease 3 3.3
63  Ghana 3.3 Decrease 8 3.3
63  Romania 3.3 Decrease 2 3 Decrease 24 3.44
63  Egypt 3.3 Increase 3 2.9 Decrease 25 2.84
63  Bulgaria 3.3 Increase 3 2.9
63  FYR Macedonia 3.3
68  Thailand 3.2 Decrease 7 3 Decrease 22 3.06 Decrease 2 3.33 Decrease 3 2.79
68  Guatemala 3.2 Decrease 9 3.1
70  Nicaragua 3.1 Decrease 9 3
71  Argentina 3 Decrease 10 3 Decrease 19 2.81 Decrease 7 3.41 Decrease 11 5.24
72  India 2.9 Decrease 6 2.9 Decrease 21 2.75 Increase 1 2.63 Decrease 11 2.78
72  Colombia 2.9 Increase 7 2.2 Decrease 29 2.23 Decrease 8 2.73 Decrease 11 3.44
74  Croatia 2.7
75  Moldova 2.6
75  Vietnam 2.6 Decrease 1 2.5 Decrease 31 2.79
75  Venezuela 2.6 Increase 2 2.3 Decrease 33 2.77 Increase 4 2.5 Decrease 10 2.66
75  Ukraine 2.6 Decrease 6 2.8
75  Ivory Coast 2.6 Decrease 16 3.1
80  Bolivia 2.5 Decrease 11 2.8 Decrease 18 2.05 Decrease 15 3.4
80  Armenia 2.5
82  Ecuador 2.4 Decrease 5 2.3 Decrease 38 3.19
82  Russia 2.4 Decrease 6 2.4 Decrease 27 2.27 Decrease 2 2.58
84  Kazakhstan 2.3
84  Albania 2.3
84  Georgia 2.3
 Bangladesh 2.29 51
87  Kyrgyz Republic 2.2
87  Uganda 2.2 Decrease 14 2.6 Decrease 30 2.71
87  Pakistan 2.2 Decrease 16 2.7 Decrease 23 2.53 Increase 5 1 Decrease 14 2.25
90  Paraguay 2 Decrease 6 1.5
90  Yugoslavia 2 Decrease 29 3
90  Kenya 2 Decrease 16 2.5 Decrease 22 2.21
93  Tanzania 1.9 Decrease 12 1.9
94  Uzbekistan 1.8
94  Honduras 1.8 Decrease 11 1.7
96  Indonesia 1.7 Decrease 16 2 Decrease 34 2.72 Decrease 1 2.65 Decrease 4 1.94
96  Azerbaijan 1.7
98  Nigeria 1.6 Decrease 17 1.9 Decrease 29 1.76 Increase 2 0.69
99  Cameroon 1.5 Decrease 14 1.4 Decrease 36 2.46

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Change in Rank (not Score).

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Corruption Perception Index". transparency.org. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  2. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  3. ^ CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 2
  4. ^ "1995 – CPI". Transparency.org. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b "CPI 2023". Transparency International. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. ^ Transparency International. "Corruption Perceptions Index 2022: Full Source Description". Corruption Perceptions Index: 1.
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