Princeton Day School

Coordinates: 40°21′43″N 74°41′26″W / 40.362075°N 74.690603°W / 40.362075; -74.690603
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Princeton Day School
Colross, the school administration building, a Georgian mansion moved from Old Town Alexandria, Virginia
Location
Map
, ,
United States
Coordinates40°21′43″N 74°41′26″W / 40.362075°N 74.690603°W / 40.362075; -74.690603
Information
TypePrivate, Independent
MottoSemper Luceat (Always Shine)
Established1899[1]
NCES School ID00868462[2]
Head of schoolKelley Nicholson-Flynn
Faculty122.1 FTEs[2]
GradesPreK12
Gendercoeducational
Enrollment941 (plus 15 in PreK, as of 2021–22)[2]
Student to teacher ratio7.7:1[2]
Campus103 acres (0.42 km2)
Color(s)  Blue and
  white[6]
Athletics22 interscholastic sports
Athletics conferencePatriot Conference
Team namePanthers[6]
AccreditationMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools[4]
NewspaperSpokesman[7]
YearbookLink[7]
Endowment$43,000,000
Tuition$45,360 (7–12 for 2023–24)[3]
Websitewww.pds.org

Princeton Day School is a private coeducational day school located in Princeton, in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The largest division is the Upper School (grades 9–12), with an enrollment of about 400. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1989.[4]

As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 941 students (plus 15 in PreK) and 122.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.7:1. The school's student body was 81.3% (765) White, 7.7% (72) Asian, 6.8% (72) Hispanic and 4.3% (40) Black.[2]

Of the 2011 graduating class of Princeton Day School seniors, a third were honored as semi-finalists or commended scholars in the National Merit Scholarship Program.[8] In the five years through 2018, the most common schools for members of the PDS graduating classes were New York University (21), Princeton University (15), Lehigh University (12), University of Chicago (11), Duke University (10), and Boston College (10).[5]

The school is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools, New Jersey Association of Independent Schools[9] and the Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools.[10]

History[edit]

Founded in 1899, Miss Fine's School in Princeton prepared girls for college with a curriculum including English, French, Latin, history, and mathematics, at a time when women were not expected to attend college, and when only one out of eight children in America went to school at all. For years, in addition to serving as headmistress, May Margaret Fine taught all the subjects but French and even "tended the furnace....often leaving in the middle of Latin class to do it."[11]

"A large shapeless figure [with] a pile of white hair dominated by a bun on the top, which usually slid over to the side of her head by the end of the day,"[12] Fine was, despite her appearance, a loved and respected figure. John Finley, editor of The New York Times during the 1910s, wrote of her, "So was the school under her wise and gentle rule a place where happy children grew into her spirited likeness."[11] Fine retired in 1931 and died two years later.[13]

Miss Fine's School moved into what had previously been The Princeton Inn on Bayard Lane in 1924 and included boys from kindergarten through 3rd grade.

In 1924, a group of parents established a 4–9 grade school for boys on Bayard Lane, next to Miss Fine's School. The boys' school was known as Princeton Junior School. The school moved in 1932 to an independent campus with purpose-built buildings at 171 Broadmead in another section of Princeton not far from Palmer Stadium. The name was then changed to Princeton Country Day School (PCD), although in honor of its founding name, the school magazine was called the "Junior Journal." It had large playing fields across the street for football and soccer. In the winter, there was occasionally skating on Carnegie Lake nearby, and while ice hockey was played at Princeton University's Baker Rink. In the spring, there was an annual school fair held as a fundraiser. The school had an excellent academic reputation, and most graduates went on to New England boarding schools for secondary education. The buildings and campus of PCD are now part of Princeton University and used as a nursery school.

Princeton Country Day merged with Miss Fine's School in 1965 to become Princeton Day School, operating on a campus along the Great Road in Princeton.[14][15]

In September 2005, the school launched the public phase of a five-year $50 million capital campaign, "Investing in Excellence" to support new and renovated facilities and increased endowment for faculty salaries and financial aid that raised a total of $53 million from more than 4,000 contributors.[16]

Traditions[edit]

Over the years, Princeton Day School enjoyed many traditions that no longer take place. These include an Upper School pie-eating competition that continued until the eighties, an annual sophomore-junior canoeing trip, intended to bridge the gap between two grades that traditionally do not share many classes, and legendary English teacher Anne Shepherd's wreathmaking assembly. The wreathmaking rite started in Miss Fine's School in 1900, and since, by the 1980s, participation in the event had dwindled, it was cancelled. A December 1982 article in PDS's student-run newspaper, The Spokesman, explained that "This [announcement] raised such an uproar that, by popular demand, the [assembly] was given one last chance."[17] By the 1990s, though, wreathmaking was gone, indicative of the passing of certain traditions over time. (Another tradition that began at Miss Fine's, the annual Maypole Dance, actually continues today, though it is now performed by second graders instead of Upper Schoolers.)

New traditions have joined the Maypole Dance in recent years, including the annual Powder Puff game, a fiercely competitive flag football match between the junior and senior girls that has been held since 2004, and Dr. Seuss Day.

Blue & White Day[edit]

On Blue & White Field Day, an all-school athletic competition held each spring, PDS students often carry a fierce 24-hour sense of patriotism for their color, painting their faces blue or white and engaging in acts of playful discrimination against the opposing team. Popular Blue-White events include "The Big Race," which involves students in each grade from JK through 12, a faculty balloon toss (for which students serve as rowdy spectators), and the freestyle sack race.[18]

Blue & White Day was founded by beloved Physical Education teacher Kim Bedesem;[19] when Bedesem died in 1993, it was decided that each subsequent Blue & White Day be dedicated to her. Each year, the Blue & White Day T-shirts distributed to students and faculty have the name "KIM" somewhere in the design.[20] While Bedesem created Blue & White Day in its present form in the 80s, similar events existed at Miss Fine's and PCD as much as 60 years earlier. James Howard Murch, PCD's first Headmaster, was remembered by his successor for "the pleasurable relish with which he took to interpret[ing] the decimal-splitting rivalries of the Blues and Whites."[12] Miss Fine's School (whose school colors were voted Blue and Grey by the Class of 1918)[21] had "similar challenges" in which Blues and Greys competed.[19]

The Upper School (grades 9–12) returned to Blue and White Day in 2006 following over a decade's hiatus from the event. Their re-entry into the morning part of the activities was later expanded to include other Blue/White competitions in the Upper School during the rest of the school year.

Administration[edit]

On June 16, 2022, the Princeton Day School Board of Trustees unanimously voted to appoint Kelley Nicholson-Flynn, former assistant head of school for operations at Riverdale Country School in the Bronx, as the new Head of School starting July 2023.[22]

Facilities[edit]

Princeton Day School completed a $60 million comprehensive capital campaign in 2021 that included a new, state-of-the-art LEED-certified athletic center. Previous construction and renovations were completed in September 2007 and include doubling the size and adding a variety of new technologies to their middle and upper school libraries. A new art center houses studios for architecture, ceramics, painting/drawing, woodworking, photography, and cinematic arts. The school's music facilities have been expanded to include a recording studio and new practice areas to accommodate a growing choral and instrumental music program. In 2019, PDS began construction on a new athletic center, which will hold four international squash courts, two all-purpose athletic courts, changing rooms, offices, and a large commons area attached to the existing Lisa McGraw Skating Rink. Currently, PDS's facilities include:

  • 6 Soccer/Lacrosse/Field Hockey Fields, including 2 state-of-the-art synthetic turf fields
  • 2 Football Fields, 2 Softball Fields, and 2 Baseball Fields
  • Ice Rink with 6 Locker Rooms
  • Weight Training Room
  • 3 Gymnasiums
  • Additional 2 Locker Rooms
  • Full Music Wing with 7 Soundproof Rehearsal Rooms
  • Wood shop
  • Architecture Studio
  • Fine Art Studio
  • Film Studio with Green Room and Computer Lab
  • Photography Lab with Dark Room and Computer Lab
  • 2 Ceramics Rooms
  • Planetarium
  • Campus Center Cafeteria with Snack Bar
  • 400+ Seat Theater
  • 2 Amphitheaters, Indoor and Outdoor
  • 2 Additional Computer Labs
  • 2 Libraries
  • Bookstore
  • Dance Studio
  • Printing Room for School Newspaper
  • 14 Science Labs
  • 50+ Classrooms

Clubs and activities[edit]

Student-run publications at Princeton Day School include The Spokesman,[23] an award-winning Upper School newspaper published eight times a year, which uses a staff of 19 editors and two faculty advisors, and its middle school sister publication, known as Spokes. Each year, the student-led literary and arts magazine cymbals is also published, along with the annual yearbook, the Link.[7]

Clubs offered in the upper school at PDS (many of which are created by a student's or group of students' initiative) include the Jewish Club, a Model United Nations team, the Mock trial team, the Debate Club, the Foreign Affairs club, the Science Olympiad Team, the Science Club, the EnAct (Environmental Action) club, the Pet and Wildlife Salvation (PAWS) Club, the India Club, the French Club, the Latin Club, the Chinese Club, Chamber Music Club, Dance Club, Girls Who Code, Gallery Club, Mathletics, the National Organization for Women (NOW), Tabletop Gaming Club, Student Progressive Coalition, the Spanish Club (which holds a popular annual Salsa Cook-off in March), various A-Capella groups and the Science League Team. The lower and middle schools offer, among others, Destination Imagination and FIRST Lego League teams.

PDS offers several affinity groups[24] for students to join, including the Asian Pacific Islander Desi American (APIDA) Affinity Group, PRIDE (for students who identify as part of the LGBTQ+ community), Black Student Union, Latinx Student Union, Multiracial Student Union, and the Jewish Union.

Students may also be selected to lead in the Peer Group program, and may be elected to serve on the Student Council, Student Ambassadors Committee, and Judiciary Committee.

Sports teams[edit]

The Princeton Day School Panthers compete under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association.[6]

Middle and Upper School sports teams at PDS include:[6]

State championships
  • Boys' Ice hockey: 1981–82 1988–89, 1989–1990 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2011, 2013, 2014
  • Coed Figure skating: 2000, 2001, 2006, 2008
  • Girls' Ice hockey: 1998–99, 2001–02
  • Girls' Softball: 1993, 1996, 2006
  • Boys' Tennis: 1980, 1981, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013
  • Girls' Basketball: 1990, 1995, 2000
  • Girls' Lacrosse: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1995
  • Boys' Football: 1973, 1974, 1975, 1980
  • Boys' Lacrosse: 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
  • Boys' Basketball: 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1984–85, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1998–99, 2015–16, 2019–20
  • Baseball: 1971, 1972, 1977, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2001, 2010
  • Boys' Cross Country: 1974, 1978, 1979, 1991, 1992, 2002,2009, 2010
  • Boys' Soccer: 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 2010
  • Golf: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
  • Fencing: 1995, 1996, 2008
  • Girls' Soccer: 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997, 2002, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015
  • Field Hockey: 1976, 1978, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2016
  • Volleyball: 1977, 1982, 1983, 1993, 1994
  • Girls' Tennis: 2002, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015

Boys' soccer won the 2010 Mercer County Tournament with a 1–0 win over three-time defending champion Princeton High School and took the Prep B state championship with a 2–1 win over Gill St. Bernard's School, the program's first state title since 1986.[25][26]

Girls' lacrosse won the 2010 Mercer County Tournament with an 11–8 victory over Stuart Country Day School.[27]

Girls' tennis won the 2014 Prep B state championship, defeating Gill St. Bernard's School to earn their third consecutive state championship by only one point.[28]

Boys’ basketball won the 2020 Prep B state championship with a 64–50 victory over Doane Academy.[29]

Notable alumni[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mission & History, Princeton Day School. Accessed April 3, 2022. "In 1899, a young woman named May Margaret Fine opened a school in Princeton to prepare girls for college with a curriculum including English, French, Latin, history and mathematics."
  2. ^ a b c d e School data for Princeton Day School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 1, 2023.
  3. ^ Tuition, Princeton Day School. Accessed January 8, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Princeton Day School, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools. Accessed April 3, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Fast Facts, Princeton Day School. Accessed April 3, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d Princeton Day School, New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Accessed October 20, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Upper School Extracurricular Activities, Princeton Day School. Accessed April 3, 2022.
  8. ^ Seniors Earn National Merit Recognition Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Princeton Day School press release dated October 12, 2010. Accessed July 17, 2011. "More than a third of the Class of 2011 received recognition from the National Merit Scholarship Program, including six students named National Merit Scholarship Semi-Finalists and more than 25 ranked as Commended Scholars."
  9. ^ List of Member Schools, New Jersey Association of Independent Schools. Accessed June 4, 2017.
  10. ^ Listing of ADVIS member schools, Association of Delaware Valley Independent Schools. Accessed June 4, 2017.
  11. ^ a b "The Light That Ever Shines," by Alice Jacobson and Laura Rogers. The Inkling, January 1962. Reprinted in the 1999 Centennial issue of the Spokesman.
  12. ^ a b Selden, William K. From These Roots: The Creation of Princeton Day School. 1991.
  13. ^ "Miss May M. Fine, Educator, Is Dead. Founder and Director for Last 34 Years of Girls' School in Princeton", The New York Times, November 15, 1933. Accessed November 3, 2017.
  14. ^ Staff. "Princeton Day Schools Aided", The New York Times, May 2, 1963. Accessed July 17, 2011. "The institution is a merger of Miss Fine's School for Girls and Princeton Country Day School for Boys."
  15. ^ History Archived March 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Princeton Day School. Accessed July 17, 2011.
  16. ^ Staff. "Hopewell resident named senior administrator at Princeton Day School", Pennington Post, June 12, 2010. Accessed July 17, 2011. "Schulte joined the Princeton Day School community in 2003 as director of the Investing in Excellence Campaign, a five-year, capital campaign that garnered $53 million for financial aide, faculty support and new libraries, arts and athletic facilities. The campaign, at that time one of the most ambitious fundraising efforts ever undertaken by an independent day school, exceeded its goal and garnered support from 4,000 donors including current families, alumni and friends of the school."
  17. ^ "Wreath-Making: A Waning Tradition," by Matthew Kilgore. Originally published in The Spokesman, December 1982. Reprinted in the 1999 Centennial issue of The Spokesman
  18. ^ "Blue Claims Victory on Field Day," by Kalla Gervasio. The Spokesman, Summer 2003.
  19. ^ a b "Why No More Blue-White Day in US?" by Caroline Binder. The Spokesman, March 2001.
  20. ^ "Longtime LS Teachers Miller, Atiram Leave PDS," by Somy Thottathil. The Spokesman, Summer 2001.
  21. ^ Timeline from the 1999 Centennial issue of The Spokesman
  22. ^ "Introducing Kelley Nicholson-Flynn, Princeton Day School's Next Head of School - Princeton Day School". www.pds.org. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  23. ^ The Spokesman
  24. ^ Extracurriculars, Princeton Day School. Accessed May 26, 2022.
  25. ^ Staff. "Princeton Day 1, Princeton 0", The Star-Ledger, October 31, 2010. Accessed July 17, 2011. "Diminutive senior Hugo Meggitt took a perfect pass from teammate Rui Pinheiro and scored a goal 5:51 into the second overtime giving the Princeton Day School boys' soccer team a 1–0 heart-pumping victory as they took down three-time defending champ Princeton High in the Mercer County Tournament final last night at Mercer County Community College."
  26. ^ Clark, Ray. "Princeton Day 2, Gill St. Bernard's 1", The Star-Ledger, November 7, 2010. Accessed July 17, 2011. "Princeton Day School didn't play its best soccer, but it played well enough to win its first NJISAA Prep B championship since 1986 with a 2–1 victory over Gill St. Bernard's yesterday."
  27. ^ Alden, Bill. "Senior Star Curnan Overcomes Adversity, as Stuart Lax Makes MCT, Prep B Finals", Town Topics, May 19, 2010. Accessed July 18, 2011. "Last Thursday, Curnan was a big part of things as Stuart battled Princeton Day School in the Mercer County Tournament championship game, scoring two goals. Unfortunately, Curnan's efforts weren't enough as the Tartans lost 11–8 to the Panthers, as a late rally fell short."
  28. ^ "Overcoming Deficit to Gill St. Bernard’s in Finals, PDS Girls’ Tennis Wins 3rd Straight Prep B Crown", Town Topics, October 29, 2014. Accessed April 3, 2022. "Tseng got good efforts across the board from his players as PDS won all three flights to edge Gill and earn the Prep B three-peat."
  29. ^ "Garita Comes Up Big in Crunch Time As PDS Boys’ Hoops Wins Prep B Title", Town Topics, February 26, 2020. Accessed February 4, 2021. "PDS absorbed some punches in the fourth quarter as Doane narrowed the gap to 52-46 but then pulled away to a 64-50 triumph, earning the program’s first Prep B crown since 2016."
  30. ^ LinkedIn.com
  31. ^ Masthead, U.S. News & World Report
  32. ^ Staff. "Big Fat Close-up", Philadelphia Daily News, September 17, 1999. Accessed July 17, 2011. "Phish's front man Trey Anastasio popped out of the posh Princeton Day School. Now there's another flock of jamsters following in their wake!"
  33. ^ Phish History, accessed December 6, 2006.
  34. ^ a b Kallas, Anna. "Her Prep School Is Notable For Its Notables - Christopher Reeve and Mary Chapin Carpenter walked the same halls - oh, and so did the Menendez brothers.", Dayton Daily News, June 1, 1997. Accessed December 3, 2007. "Chris and I went to the same private school in New Jersey - Princeton Day School - as did Mary Chapin Carpenter and the Menendez brothers, but more about them later."
  35. ^ a b Staff. "gig of the week Chris Conley 9 p.m., Princeton Arts Council, 102 Witherspoon St., Princeton.", Home News Tribune, August 9, 2003. Accessed October 3, 2011. "A decade ago Conley and fellow Princeton Day School eightgraders Bryan Newman and Justin Gaylord first teamed up to form the band Indifference."
  36. ^ "On the Move" Archived March 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. 1 Newspaper, March 19, 2008. Accessed March 15, 2018. "Drezner is a native of Princeton, where his grandfather was a cardiologist and his father a surgeon. He went to Princeton Day School, graduated from St. Lawrence University in 1985, and earned his master's degree from the Southern California Institute of Architecture."
  37. ^ "People", Town Topics, November 11, 2009. Accessed March 14, 2023. "Princeton native Donald Gips, son of Stonebridge resident Ann Gips, was recently appointed Ambassador to South Africa by President Barack Obama.... 'When I visited South Africa over a decade ago,' said the Princeton Day School graduate, 'I fell in love with its people, its story and its beauty.'"
  38. ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, Volume 205, Part 2, p. 245. J. A. Fitzgerald, 1993. Accessed March 14, 2023. "John W. Hartmann, Rep., West Windsor - He was graduated from Princeton Day School and, in 1989, received a bachelor of arts degree in history at Georgetown University."
  39. ^ Konick, Emery. "Virginia's Hirniak has lofty goals", Home News Tribune, July 5, 2007. Accessed January 28, 2011. "After attending Highland Park schools, Hirniak transferred to Princeton Day School for third grade because his father, Jerry, was, and is still, a member of the faculty at the prep school."
  40. ^ Alden, Bill. "Senior Leadership Proved Pivotal for PU Sports in 2011 While Youth Was Served for Local High School Teams", Town Topics, December 28, 2011. Accessed June 28, 2012. "Senior Antoine Hoppenot, a former Princeton Day School standout, and juniors Mark Linnville and Matt Sanner were named first-team All-Ivy performers while freshman Julian Griggs earned honorable mention."
  41. ^ Around the League, The Star-Ledger, December 17, 2006. "Atlanta's Patrick Kerney, despite being on injured reserve, is talking to the team about a contract extension that would keep the Newtown, Pa. native and one-time Princeton Day School player with the team for the rest of his career."
  42. ^ Wesley Leggett, St. John's Red Storm men's soccer, Accessed March 13, 2023. "Hometown: Lawrence, N.J.; High School: Princeton Day School"
  43. ^ Interview: Tom Marshall's Tales Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Mockingbird Foundation, accessed April 22, 2007. "Tom Marshall ("TM"): It began as a band called Utalk, with me, Trey, Peter Cottone on drums and Matt Kohut on bass. We're all friends from Princeton Day School -- back in the 70s/80s."
  44. ^ Staff. "Live coverage: Super Bowl Media Day 2014 in Newark", The Star-Ledger, January 28, 2014, updated March 29, 2019. Accessed October 29, 2019. "Super Bowl XLVIII is a bit of a homecoming for Seahawks president Peter McLoughlin, who grew up in Princeton. Among the Seahawks boosters at media day in Newark, McLoughlin chatted with fans as he tried to find a jersey for Princeton Day School among those on display at the Prudential Center."
  45. ^ McFadden, Robert D. "Rachel Mellon, an Heiress Known for Her Green Thumb, Dies at 103", The New York Times, March 17, 2014. Accessed July 23, 2015. "Rachel Lowe Lambert was born in Princeton on Aug. 9, 1910, one of three children of Gerard Barnes Lambert and the former Rachel Lowe.... She attended Miss Fine's School in Princeton and Foxcroft, a girls' preparatory school in Middleburg, Va."
  46. ^ "A look back at the story — and coverage — of the Menendez murders; As NBC airs an eight-part series on the Menendez murders, the Princeton Echo re-examines the family’s many Princeton ties.", Community News, September 26, 2017. Accessed July 23, 2019. "The bulk of the 16 years the Menendezes lived in the Princeton area were spent on West Shore Drive in the Elm Ridge Park section of Hopewell Township.... The boys attended Princeton Day School."
  47. ^ "Teacher Recalls Confrontation With Menendez Brothers' Father", Long Beach Press-Telegram, August 26, 1993, accessed April 22, 2007. "Patricia Cross, 57, said she encountered a belligerent and demanding Jose Menendez as she was leaving the Princeton Day School in New Jersey after the father and his wife, Kitty, failed to show up for a conference."
  48. ^ Evans, Timothy. "Ex-Princetonian finds book was in his genes", The Star-Ledger, July 18, 1996. Accessed August 1, 2007. "'Publishing is a huge game,' said the 1987 Princeton Day School graduate."
  49. ^ "Robert S. Mueller III PCD '59 Chosen to Lead Special Investigation". Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  50. ^ "Princeton Day School Presents Alumni Award To Robert S. Mueller III | Town Topics". www.towntopics.com. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  51. ^ Miller, Sean. "Former Princeton Day star Davon Reed taken 32nd in NBA Draft by Suns", The Times, June 23, 2017. Accessed June 27, 2017.
  52. ^ Biography of Christopher Reeve: September 25, 1952 - October 10, 2004, accessed August 28, 2006.
  53. ^ Alumni Awards, Princeton Day School. Accessed March 15, 2018.
  54. ^ Kara Swisher Interview, accessed February 22, 2011. "Swisher graduated from Princeton Day School in 1980."
  55. ^ The Woman at the Washington Zoo: About Marjorie Williams, accessed January 13, 2007.

External links[edit]