bapak

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay bapa, bapak, from Classical Malay باڤ (bapa), باڤق (bapak), from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) +‎ apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- +‎ apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bapaʔ/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ba‧pak

Noun

bapak (first-person possessive bapakku, second-person possessive bapakmu, third-person possessive bapaknya)

1. father
2. mister, sir
3. (formal) you
4. uncle

Usage notes

Similar function in Malay found more in bapa.

Synonyms

• pak (“mister”, more likely)

Derived terms

• berbapak
• kebapakan

 

• bapak angkat
• bapak ayam
• bapak badari
• bapak bangsa
• bapak besar
• bapak bungsu
• bapak kecil
• bapak koperasi
• bapak muda
• bapak negara
• bapak pembangunan
• bapak pendiri
• bapak rumah tangga
• bapak ruting
• bapak suting
• bapak tiri
• bapak tua

 

Related terms

• bapa

 

Further reading

• “bapak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Other scripts
Carakan	ꦧꦥꦏ꧀
Roman	bapak

Noun

bapak (krama ngoko bapak, krama inggil rama)

1. father

References

• "bapak" in W. J. S. Poerwadarminta, Bausastra Jawa. J. B. Wolters' Uitgevers-Maatschappij N. V. Groningen, Batavia, 1939

Malay

Etymology

Variant of bapa, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) +‎ apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- +‎ apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bapaʔ/
• (Adelaar, 1992): IPA^(key): /bapak/
• Rhymes: -apaʔ, -aʔ

Noun

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق, plural bapak-bapak, informal 1st possessive bapakku, 2nd possessive bapakmu, 3rd possessive bapaknya)

1. father; male parent.

   Synonym(s): bapa (bapanda, bapai, bapang, baba, papa), ayah (ayahanda, aya, yah), abah (aba, bah), rama

2. (archaic) mister, sir

   Synonyms: cik, encik, tuan

Adverb

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق)

1. (colloquial) so; very.

   Bapak laju dia!

   He's so fast!

   Synonym(s): gila, nak mampus

Related terms

• pak (“mister”, more likely)

Further reading

• “bapak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.